When about 300mg of L-ascorbic acid was given intravenously to the adults saturated with the vitamin, the increased blood level returned to almost the original level in 3 hours. Also the amounts of the vitamin absorbed by the tissue cells and metabolized in the body or excreted into the gastrointestinal tract were found to average 74.1mg in 3 hours. When about 300mg of L-ascorbic acid was given intravenously twice at intervals of 3 hours, an average of 101 mg of the vitamin was absorbed by the tissue cells and metabolized in the body or excreted into the gastrointestinal tract in 6 hours. When the vitamin was given orally to the saturated adults, the absorption rate increased as the test does increased. When large amounts (3.0gm) of the vitamin were given, the absorption rate reached the maximum. The maximum absorption in 6 hours was estimated as 681 mg of the vitamin.
Adult ; Ascorbic Acid/blood/*metabolism ; Human ; *Intestinal Absorption

No abstract available.
Ascorbic Acid/*chemistry ; Blood Chemical Analysis/instrumentation/*methods ; Blood Glucose/*analysis ; Maltose/*chemistry

BACKGROUND: Intravenous administration of high doses of ascorbic acid (AA) for certain clinical conditions can cause high levels of blood AA to interfere with the measurement of blood glucose. In this study, we evaluated the potential interference by high concentrations of blood AA with glucose measurement in different instruments. METHODS: Using Hitachi 7600 chemistry autoanalyzer (Hitachi 7600) and Accu-Chek Active monitor glucometer (Accu-Check), glucose was measured in serum specimens in which AA had been added in vitro at concentrations ranging from 0 to 28, 388 micromol/L. To assess the effect of pharmacokinetics of AA on glucose concentrations, blood AA and glucose were measured serially in healthy subjects after 10 g of IV Vitamin C supplement was administered. RESULTS: Beginning at the concentration of 227 micromol/L, the blood AA interfered with glucose measurement negatively in Hitachi 7600, but positively in Accu-Chek. The extent of interference was proportional to AA concentrations in both directions. The in vivo study showed that, although both instruments were affected by high blood AA at 1 hour of IV administration, blood glucose levels were normalized at 5 hours in Hitachi 7600 and at 3 hours in Accu-Chek. CONCLUSIONS: When considering that IV high dose AA supplement is becoming more popular and the extent of its interference with blood glucose measurement is significantly high in commercial systems, it would be important for the clinical laboratory to be informed of the prescription informations of patients and the time of blood collection, and to choose a correct system for an accurate blood glucose measurement.
Administration, Intravenous ; Ascorbic Acid* ; Blood Glucose* ; Chemistry ; Glucose ; Humans ; Pharmacokinetics ; Prescriptions

This study was done to investigate the association of blood clinical parameters and dietary intakes with serum adiponectin level. Athropometric measurement, dietary intakes, serum lipids and adiponectin levels were examined in 160 overweight and obese women. The subjects were divided into 5 groups by quintile according to serum adiponectin level. Weight, BMI, waist circumferences and waist/hip ratio of the highest quintile group were significantly lower than those of the lowest quintile group. Serum lipid analysis showed a significant higher level of TG, LDL-cholesterol, LDL/HDL ratio, AI, and serum hs-CRP in the lowest quintile group. Similarly, correlation data also showed that serum adiponectin level was positively correlated with serum HDL-cholesterol level (p < 0.01) and was negatively correlated with BMI (p < 0.01), waist circumferences (p < 0.01), waist/hip ratio (p < 0.01), systolic (p < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05), TG (p < 0.01), LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05), LDL/HDL ratio (p < 0.05), AI (p < 0.01), Homa-IR (p < 0.01), hs-CRP (p < 0.05) and leptin (p < 0.05). Dietary intake data showed that protein intake was significantly lower in the highest quintile group compared to the lower quintile groups while intakes of vitamin C was significantly higher in highest quintile group after adjustment by BMI, waist and energy intake, In addition, the highest quintile group had higher fiber intakes than the lower quintile groups. These results might suggest that a diet high in fiber and vitamin C and low in protein for obese patients would better be recommended to improve adiponectin level. However, further research is needed to elucidate the association of dietary intakes or dietary patterns and serum adiponectin level.
Adiponectin ; Ascorbic Acid ; Blood Pressure ; Diet ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Humans ; Leptin ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Waist Circumference

BACKGROUND: Prompt correction of hemostatic and thrombotic derangements during liver transplantation can play a key role in preventing excessive blood transfusion or thrombotic complications. It is well known that reactive oxygen species can affect coagulant and anticoagulant systems. Therefore, we investigated whether ascorbic acid (AA), one of potent antioxidant agents, can improve the coagulation during living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). METHODS: Thirty three adult patients undergoing LDLT were enrolled in this study. The blood samples of these patients were collected at 90 minutes after the beginning of operation and at 150 and 300 minutes after reperfusion. At each time period, blood samples were categorized into hypocoagulation, normal, and hypercoagulation. Within each category, the samples were further divided into three groups: whole blood (WB) (0.36 ml of native WB), AA (0.33 ml of native WB mixed with 0.03 ml of AA solution), and normal saline (NS) groups (0.33 ml of native WB mixed with 0.03 ml of NS), and these samples were analyzed using thromboelastogram (TEG). We compared the parameters of TEG (gamma time, K time, alpha angle, maximum amplitude (MA), and LY60) in each coagulation status. RESULTS: AA did not significantly affect TEG parameters in hypocoagulation or normal coagulation during LDLT. However, AA significantly decreased gamma time, alpha angle and MA at 150 minutes, and, K time and alpha angle at 300 minutes after reperfusion in the blood samples of hypercoagulation category. CONCLUSIONS: We may conclude that ascorbic acid inhibits hypercoagulation after reperfusion period during living donor liver transplantation.
Adult ; Ascorbic Acid ; Blood Transfusion ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Transplantation ; Living Donors ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Reperfusion

Antioxidant vitamin supplementation focuses one's attention on the prevention of age-related diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant status and lipid profiles and to look into the antioxidant vitamin supplementation that affects lipid metabolism in 20 elderly non-smoking Korean women (placebo group: n = 6, vitC suppl: n = 7, vitE suppl: n = 7). Age, height, weight, muscle, percent of fat and WHR were not significantly different among the groups, however % of fat was above 33% and WHR was above 0.9. And blood pressure of the placebo group was 131.7/81.7 (border line hypertension), that of vitamin C supplement was 141.4/87.1 (hypertension) and that of vitamin E supplement was 151.4/92.9 (hypertension). Although nutrient intakes of all groups were poor, antioxidant status (blood vitamins C, E, A, and beta-carotene) and lipid profile (TG, total-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol) were normal. For nutritional intervention, the vitamin C supplement group received L-ascorbic acid 1,000 mg, and vitamin E supplement group received d-alpha-tocopherol 400IU for 4 weeks, showing the effects of vitamin E supplementation. Response total cholesterol of HDL-cholesterol (T-Chol/HDL) in vitamin E supplement group was significantly decreased from 4.3 to 3.2. And response LDL-cholesterol of HDL-cholesterol (LDL/HDL) in the vitamin E supplement group was also significantly decreased from 2.6 to 1.7. In addition, after the adjustment for plasma lipids (TG, total cholesterol), plasma vitamin A levels in vitamin E supplement group were significantly increased from 7.89 mg/g to 14.91 mg/g. And systolic blood pressure in vitamin E supplement group was significantly reduced. These results suggested that vitamin E supplementation affects the lipid profiles and blood pressure in elderly non-smoking women. So various nutrition programs must be implemented against age-related diseases and further studies are needed regarding sorts and amounts of antioxidant nutrients and supplementation periods.
Aged* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol ; Female ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; Plasma ; Vitamin A ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships among zinc status, diet quality, glycemic control and self-rated physical activity level of type 2 diabetic patients. Dietary intakes for two non-consecutive days were measured by 24-hour recall method for seventy-six diabetic patients. Fasting blood glucose and HbA1c were measured for the assessment of glycemic control. We evaluated the extent of dietary adequacy by the percentage of subjects with a dietary intake of a nutrient less than the estimated average requirement(EAR), the dietary diversity score(DDS) and the dietary variety score(DVS). Zinc status was assessed from serum levels and urinary excretion. Dietary inadequacy was serious for five nutrients: riboflavin, calcium, thiamin, zinc and vitamin C. Dietary intakes from the meat, fish, and egg food groups and the milk food group were below the recommended level. We found that subjects with high levels of physical activities had significantly higher DVS and serum zinc levels compared to others (p<0.05). Fasting blood glucose levels and HbA1c were not significantly different across self-reported physical activity levels. Therefore, we suggest that maintaining physical activity at or above a moderate level is beneficial to improving dietary quality and zinc status.
Ascorbic Acid ; Blood Glucose ; Calcium ; Diet ; Fasting ; Humans ; Meat ; Milk ; Motor Activity ; Ovum ; Riboflavin ; Zinc

BACKGROUND: To understand causes of abnormal reaction for the urinalysis, we analyze the interfering substances of clinical urine samples. We focused the effect of urinary vitamin C and fluorescein sodium to the urine chemistry especially glucose, hemoglobin, and leukocyte esterase. METHODS: Incidence of urinary vitamin C was determined for patients and people underwent a medical check–up. We decided dipstick results of glucose, hemoglobin, and leukocyte esterase as false negative based on urine sediment and serum glucose results. Dipstick urinalysis was tested by URiSCAN Pro III with URiSCAN 11 strip (YD Diagnostics, Korea). Urine sediments tests were performed by manual microscopic analysis or Sysmex UF–1000i (Sysmex Co., Japan). RESULTS: The incidence of vitamin C was 20.4% for all subjects. The positive rate of the medical check-up group (34.6%) was higher than others. When vitamin C was detected in clinical urine samples, 42.3%, 10.6%, and 8.2% were defined as false negative for glucose, hemoglobin, and leukocyte esterase dipstick tests, respectively. Fluorescein sodium also interfered on the results of hemoglobin and leukocyte esterase of the dipstick reagents. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin C was frequently found in the clinical urine samples, and its incidence was higher in the people who underwent medical check-up. The urinary vitamin C and fluorescein sodium can cause interferences in urine dipstick results. Thus, it is expected that present study will give useful information to predict false negative rates of urine dipstick tests by vitamin C and fluorescein sodium.
Ascorbic Acid ; Blood Glucose ; Chemistry ; Fluorescein ; Glucose ; Humans ; Incidence ; Indicators and Reagents ; Leukocytes ; Urinalysis*

Alteration of the chemical composition of aqueous humor may be closely related to the occurrence of glaucoma. Comparison of chemical composition of aqueous humor in glaucoma patients with that of the normal eyes is thought to be helpful in searching the pathogenesis and treatment modality of glaucoma. Concentration of 8 chemical components in the aqueous humor of cataract eyes as well as glaucoma eyes was analyzed and the differences between the two groups were searched by the authors. Subjects were 47 eyes of 47 cataract patients and 35 eyes of 32 glaucoma patients. During the operation 0.1-0.2cc of aqueous humor was collected by anterior chamber paracentesis and 10cc of blood was also drawn. In cataract patients, the mean values were Na+;145.2, K+;4.0, Cl-;123.7, HCO3-; 22.9 mEq/l, Ca++;6.6, Mg++;1.7, glucose; 48.2 mg/100 ml and ascorbic acid; 245.5 microgram/ml. In glaucoma patients, the mean values were Na+;142.1, K+;4.0, Cl-;126.0, HCO3-;17.6 mEq/I, Ca++;6.3, Mg++;1.9, glucose; 59.4 mg/100 ml and ascorbic acid; 227.5 microgram/ml. Aqueous glucose concentration was 55% of blood glucose level, and aqueous ascorbic acid concentration was 62 times higher than that in blood. Regarding the eight components in aqueous humor, no significant difference was found between cataract and glaucoma patients. Lack of significant difference in ascorbic acid levels between the two groups was thought to be due to the use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors prior to glaucoma surgery.
Anterior Chamber ; Aqueous Humor* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Blood Glucose ; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors ; Cataract* ; Glaucoma* ; Glucose ; Humans ; Paracentesis

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutrients intake, Rohrer index, serum cholesterol level, blood pressure and others for clinical and nutritional study on school children in Taejon. This survey was carried out in October, 1995. The subjects were 362 children, 6 to 11 years old. The results were summarized as follows. By Rohrer index, 4.6% of the children was lean, 69.6% was normal, 17.4% was overweight and 8.6% was obese group. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and skin fold thickness of all subjects were 111.7+/-15.7mmHg, 69.8+/-14.9mmHg and 14.5+/-7.3mm respectively. Systolic blood pressure and skin fold thickness were increased with Rohrer index. Total cholesterol, urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in blood were 160.8+/-23.9mm/dl, 11.5+/-3.5mm/dl and 0.71+/-0.12mm/dl respectively but not significantly different among groups. These levels have a slight tendency to increase in obese group but not significantly different among groups. Hematocrit and hemoglobin levels were 41.3+/-4.7%, 13.1+/-1.6g/dl. These levels of 11 years old girls were lower than same aged boys. Composition ratio of total energy intakes were 65% of CHO, 13% of protein and 22% of fat. Energy and most nutrients intakes were insufficient except for P and vitamin C. Especially the amount of vitamin A, Fe, Zn and folate intakes were lower than halves of RDA'S. Most nutrients intake were not significantly different among groups. Pearson' correlation in Rohrer index with nutrients intakes were all negative correlation significantly different of K, Na and Thiamin.
Ascorbic Acid ; Blood Pressure ; Child* ; Cholesterol ; Creatinine ; Daejeon* ; Female ; Folic Acid ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Nitrogen ; Overweight ; Skin ; Urea ; Vitamin A