Two adult rock partridges raised in a city zoo were examined parasitologically and pathologically. Two distinctive eggs resembling those of Capillaria and Heterakis were detected in the feces. At necropsy, a markedly-dilated duodenum with severe catarrhal exudates, containing adult worms of Capillaria sp. and Heterakis sp. in the cecum, was observed. Male Capillaria had the cloacal aperture extended almost terminally with a small bursal lobe and an unsheathed spicule with transverse folds without spines. Female Capillaria had a vulva that was slightly prominent and slightly posterior to the union of the esophagus and intestine. The esophagus of the adult Capillaria was more than a half as long as the body in the male, but was much shorter in the female. Based on these morphological features, the capillarid nematode was identified as Capillaria obsignata. The male adult worms of Heterakis was identifiable by 2 dissimilar spicules, a unique morphological feature where the right spicule was considerably longer than the left, which is also a characteristic feature of Heterakis gallinarum. This is the first report of concurrent infections with C. obsignata and H. gallinarium in rock partridges.
Animals ; Animals, Zoo/parasitology ; Ascaridida/*isolation & purification ; Ascaridida Infections/parasitology/*veterinary ; Bird Diseases/*parasitology ; Capillaria/*isolation & purification ; Enoplida Infections/parasitology/*veterinary ; Female ; *Galliformes/parasitology ; Male

OBJECTIVETo study nematode parasites morphology of Hystrix javanica (H. javanica), both through the feces and internal organs.

METHODSFeces were observed by direct smear method, internal organs were observed after dissecting the host. Specimens for light microscopy examination were fixed with 70% warm alcohol, cleared and mounted in lactophenol for wet mounting. Specimens for SEM examination were postfixed in cacodylate buffer and glutaraldehyde, dehydrated through a graded series of alcohol and freeze dried. The specimens were attached to stubs with double cello-tape, coated with gold and observed with a JSM5310 LV electron microscope. Figures were made with the aid of a drawing tube attached to Olympus compound microscope, other figures were photographs of scanning electron microscope images. Measurements were given in micrometers as the mean followed by the range in parentheses, unless otherwise stated.

RESULTSThe nematode species found in the intestine of H. javanica are Gireterakis girardi and a new species, Trihuris landak. The new species differs with previously reported species from Hystrix because of having stylet and short cervical alae. The pattern of bacillary band is closed to Trichuris trichiurus, the species that infect human, but differs because the surface of its vulva is not covered with densely spine.

CONCLUSIONSThe species of nematodes found on H. javanica were Gireterakis girardi and a new species Trichuris landak n.sp. Those two species are newly recorded in Indonesia.

Animals ; Ascaridida ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Ascaridida Infections ; parasitology ; veterinary ; Feces ; parasitology ; Female ; Indonesia ; Intestines ; parasitology ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; veterinary ; Ovum ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Porcupines ; parasitology ; Species Specificity ; Trichuriasis ; parasitology ; veterinary ; Trichuris ; anatomy & histology ; classification ; isolation & purification ; physiology

Pseudoterranova decipiens larva is a rare cause of anisakiasis. Indeed, prior to the present study, there had been only 12 reports of larval P. decipiens infection in the Republic of Korea. In June 2011, an anisakid larva, 32.1 mm in length and 0.88 mm in width, and finally identified as the third stage larva of P. decipiens owing to the presence of an intestinal cecum but lacking ventricular appendage, was discovered in a 61-year-old woman during the course of endoscopy executed as a part of routine physical examinations. The patient had eaten raw a rockfish 13 hr prior to the endoscopy, but showed no symptoms of anisakiasis. This paper is the 13th report of P. decipiens infection in Korea.
Animals ; Ascaridida Infections/*diagnosis/parasitology/*pathology ; Ascaridoidea/*isolation & purification ; Asymptomatic Diseases ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Female ; Foodborne Diseases/diagnosis/parasitology/pathology ; Humans ; Larva ; Middle Aged ; Republic of Korea

A weanling Thoroughbred foal was admitted to Equine Hospital, Korea Racing Association with signs of colic. On admission the foal was sweating profusely, appeared anxious and exhibiting signs suggestive of abdominal pain. Clinical examination revealed: tachycardia (90 beats/min), tachypnea (50 breaths/min) and congested and slightly cyanotic mucous membranes. No intestinal sounds were auscultated in all 4 abdominal quadrants. Rectal palpation identified concurrent cecum and large colon impactions. Treatment consisted of intravenous administration of a balanced electrolyte solution, nasogastric siphonage and administration of analgesics. Nasogastric reflux contained ascarids. This treatment failed to alleviate the signs of colic. The foal died 3 hours later following discharge because the owner didn't want laparatomy because of economic constraints. Prior to admission this foal had not received any prophylactic anthelmintic treatment. In necropsy, there were masses of ascarids accumulation in the stomach, small intestine and large intestine. The outcome of this report is to describe the first diagnosed case of gastrointestinal impaction by P. equorum in a Thoroughbred foal in South Korea and indicates the importance of regular anthelmintic treatment.
Animals ; Ascaridida Infections/diagnosis/parasitology/*veterinary ; Ascaridoidea/*isolation&purification ; Fatal Outcome ; Fecal Impaction/diagnosis/parasitology/*veterinary ; Horse Diseases/diagnosis/*parasitology ; Horses ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis/parasitology/*veterinary ; Korea

The comparative efficacy of 2 anthelmintics (ivermectin and levamisole) against Baylisascaris transfuga migrating and encapsulated larvae was studied in mice. A total of 60 BALB/c mice inoculated each with about 1,000 embryonated B. transfuga eggs were equally divided into 6 groups (A-F) randomly. Mice of groups A and B were treated with ivermectin and levamisole, respectively, on day 3 post-infection (PI). Mice of groups A-C were killed on day 13 PI. Similarly, groups D and E were treated with ivermectin and levamisole, respectively, on day 14 PI, and all mice of groups D-F were treated on day 24 PI. The groups C and F were controls. Microexamination was conducted to count the larvae recovering from each mouse. The percentages of reduction in the number of migrating larvae recovered from group A (ivermectin) and B (levamisole) were 88.3% and 81.1%, respectively. In addition, the reduction in encapsulated larvae counts achieved by ivermectin (group D) and levamisole (group E) was 75.0% and 49.2%, respectively. The results suggested that, to a certain extent, both anthelmintics appeared to be more effective against migrating larvae than encapsulated larvae. However, in the incipient stage of infection, ivermectin may be more competent than levamisole as a larvicidal drug for B. transfuga.
Animals ; Anthelmintics/*administration & dosage ; Ascaridida Infections/*drug therapy/parasitology ; Ascaridoidea/*drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Ivermectin/*administration & dosage ; Larva/drug effects ; Levamisole/*administration & dosage ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Rodent Diseases/drug therapy/parasitology ; Treatment Outcome

Toxocariasis has a broad clinical spectrum, from asymptomatic to systemic illness. However, cerebral toxocariasis has rarely been reported. We experienced a patient who presented with seizure and memory disturbance after treatment for visceral larva migrans of toxocariasis. Laboratory findings included eosinophilia, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis, and positive results for toxocariasis in the serum and CSF. The patient showed marked improvement after combined albendazole and steroid treatment. This case indicates that cerebral toxocariasis is an unusual cause of cognitive dysfunction and seizure.
Albendazole ; Eosinophilia ; Humans ; Larva Migrans, Visceral ; Leukocytosis ; Memory ; Seizures ; Toxocariasis

Toxocariasis is an infection in a human host caused by Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati larvae. Clinical manifestations are classified according to the organs affected, such as visceral larva migrans (VLM) and ocular larva migrans (OLM). Epidemiological evidence suggests that OLM tends to occur in the absence of systemic involvement and vice versa, which has led to two manifestations of this infection being reclassified as VLM and OLM. No case of a patient with VLM combined with OLM has been reported in Korea. Here, we report a case of VLM combined with OLM in a 51-year-old female caused by massive ingestion of raw cow meat, manyplies, and liver.
Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Larva ; Larva Migrans ; Larva Migrans, Visceral ; Liver ; Meat ; Middle Aged ; Toxocara ; Toxocara canis ; Toxocariasis

Hepatic toxocariasis is a type of visceral larva migrans caused by the migration of second-stage larvae of certain nematodes such as Toxocara canis to the liver. Histologically, the condition is characterized by granulomatous lesions containing eosinophils and inflammatory cells. We report a case of hepatic toxocariasis with atypical clinical and radiologic findings presenting as distinct, solitary hepatic nodule detected in a middle-aged woman.
Eosinophils ; Female ; Humans ; Larva ; Larva Migrans, Visceral ; Liver ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Toxocara canis ; Toxocariasis

The laparoscopy-assisted hepatic resection has been introduced for solitary benign or malignant hepatic tumors. We successfully had undergone left lateral sectionectomy with assistance of laparoscopy. Forty-three year old male patient was admitted for diagnosis of liver mass. Abdominal computed tomography showed a 2 cm sized single nodular tumor in segment 3 which was consistent with hepatoma. He underwent laparoscopy-assisted left lateral sectionectomy using Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator and Ultrasonic Shears. The patient discharged without any complications in the 8th postoperative day. The pathologic findings of nodule were consistent with the eosinophilic abscess of liver. Left lateral sectionectomy of liver can be conducted safely with assistance of laparoscopy.
Abscess ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophils* ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Larva Migrans, Visceral ; Liver Abscess* ; Liver* ; Male ; Toxocariasis ; Ultrasonics

Toxocariasis is known as visceral larva migrans in humans and it is caused by T. canis and T. catis, especially in children, but it is less commonly reported in adults. Although several cases of toxocariasis in adults have been reported, there have been no descriptions of toxocariasis involving the liver or, the lungs and the pleura. We report here on a case of T. canis infection in an immunocompetent adult with peripheral eosinophilia, elevated serum levels of Ig E and CT findings displaying multiple focal air space consolidations in the lungs, bilateral pleural effusion and low attenuated hepatic nodules.
Adult* ; Child ; Eosinophilia ; Humans ; Larva Migrans, Visceral ; Liver ; Lung ; Pleura ; Pleural Effusion ; Toxocariasis*