Objective: To understand the incidence of pneumoconiosis in Ningbo city from 1967 to 2019, and to analyze the distribution characteristics and change trend of pneumoconiosis. Methods: In February 2021, the data of pneumoconiosis patients in Ningbo city from 1967 to 2019 were sorted out. The data from 1967 to 1987 were from historical case files of Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the data from 1988 to 2005 were from the historical case files of Ningbo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the data from 2006 to 2019 were from the pneumoconiosis report card in China Disease Prevention and Control Information System; Followed up and supplement relevant information, including basic information, basic information of employers and information related to pneumoconiosis diagnosis, and comprehensively analyze the composition and development trend, population characteristics and industry characteristics of pneumoconiosis. Results: From 1967 to 2019, a total of 1715 cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in Ningbo City, including 1254 cases of stageⅠpneumoconiosis, 258 cases of stageⅡpneumoconiosis, 172 cases of stage Ⅲpneumoconiosis. 1202 cases of silicosis (70.09%) , 296 cases of asbestosis (17.26%) , 40 cases of welder's pneumoconiosis (2.33%) , 32 cases of graphite pneumoconiosis (1.87%) were reported. There were 1296 male cases (75.57%) and 419 female cases (24.43%) were reported. Silicosis (91.15%, 1102/1209) and welder's pneumoconiosis (100.00%, 40/40) were the most common pneumoconiosis in males, while asbestosis (90.24%, 268/297) and graphite pneumoconiosis (87.50%, 28/32) were the most common pneumoconiosis in females. The average age was (49.71±10.90) years old and the average length of service was (10.98±6.96) years. The top three reported pneumoconiosis cases were construction industry (336 cases, 19.59%) , ferrous metal smelting and rolling industry (317 cases, 18.48%) and non-metallic mineral products industry (315 cases, 18.37%) . The top three reported pneumoconiosis cases were 414 cases (24.14%) in Ninghai County, 294 cases (17.14%) in Yuyao City and 272 cases (15.86%) in Yinzhou District. Conclusion: With the development of industries in Ningbo City, government departments should strengthen supervision and management of enterprises involving silica dust and welding fume to curb the high incidence of pneumoconiosis.
Adult ; Asbestosis ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Graphite ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis/epidemiology* ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Silicosis/epidemiology*

Objective: To analyze the disease burden of pneumoconiosis globally and in China from 1990 to 2019 using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data, and to provide a theoretical basis for prevention and control of pneumoconiosis. Methods: In September 2022, the data of incidence, prevalence, morality and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of pneumoconiosis and its subtypes globally and in China from 1990 to 2019 were collected from GBD 2019, including absolute number and age-standardized rate (ASR). Joinpoint linear regression model was used to calculate average annual percent change (AAPC) and analyze the change trends of incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALY of pneumoconiosis and its subtypes. Results: From 1990 to 2019, the incident cases, prevalent cases and DALY value of pneumoconiosis showed upward trends, while the number of death cases showed downward trends. And the ASR of incidence (ASIR), the ASR of prevalence (ASPR), the ASR of mortality (ASMR) and the ASR of DALY (ASDR) showed downward trends globally and in China. China accounted for a large proportion of the global disease burden of penumoconiosis, accounting for more than 67% of the incident cases, more than 80% of the prevalent cases, more than 43% of the deaths cases and more than 60% of the absolute number of DALY in the world every year. Male were the main population of pneumoconiosis disease burden globally and in China, and the age of onset was earlier than that of female. The peak age periods of incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALY of pneumoconiosis globally and in China from 1990 to 2019 have increased. Silicosis was still the type with the highest disease burden of pneumoconiosis globally and in China. The disease burden of coal workers' pneumoconiosis had an overall improvement trend, but asbestosis had an increasing disease burden worldwide. Conclusion: The disease burden of pneumoconiosis is heavy globally and in China, which is necessary to strengthen the supervision and prevention measures according to gender, age and etiological types.
Male ; Humans ; Female ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Pneumoconiosis/epidemiology* ; Cost of Illness ; Asbestosis/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Anthracosis ; Incidence

Asbestos is a carcinogen that causes diseases such as mesothelioma and lung cancer in humans. There was a sharp increase in the use of asbestos in Korea in the 1970s as Korea's economy developed rapidly, and asbestos was only recently banned from use. Despite the ban of its use, previously applied asbestos still causes many problems. A series of asbestos-related events that recently occurred in Korea have caused the general public to become concerned about asbestos. Therefore, it is necessary to take proper action to deal with asbestos-related events, such as mass outbreaks of mesothelioma among residents who lived near asbestos textile factories or asbestos mines. Although there have been no rapid increases in asbestos-related illnesses in Korea to date, such illnesses are expected to increase greatly due to the amount of asbestos used and long latency period. Decreasing the asbestos exposure level to levels as low as possible is the most important step in preventing asbestos-related illnesses in the next few decades. However, there is a lack of specialized facilities for the analysis of asbestos and experts to diagnose and treat asbestos-related illnesses in Korea; therefore, national-level concern and support are required.
Asbestos/*toxicity ; Asbestosis/*epidemiology/etiology/mortality ; Environmental Exposure/prevention & control ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Mesothelioma/*chemically induced/epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo explore the relation of asbestosis to human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosidase (hOGG1) genotype and DNA damage, the investigation of hOGG1 polymorphism distribution and DNA strand breakages in peripheral lymphocytes was carried on in occupational population.

METHODSA total 101 asbestos-exposed workers and 141 controls were investigated. The DNA damage level was obtained by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism by PCR-RELP.

RESULTS(1) A significant increase in the exposed group was observed in comet scores at basal (34.8 +/- 16.8), H2O2-induced (136.7 +/- 36.0) and 4 hours after repair (51.0 +/- 18.7) as compared with the control group (P < 0.01). And the scores in H2O2-induced (147.0 +/- 30.8) and 4 hours after repair (56.9 +/- 21.4) were significantly higher in asbestosis workers than in non-asbestosis ones (125.7 +/- 38.2 and 44.9 +/- 15.4, P < 0.01). (2) There was no differences of the genotype distribution between the asbestos group and the control group (chi(2) = 0.22, P = 0.89). A significant difference in the distribution of this polymorphism (Ser/Ser, Ser/Cys, Cys/Cys) between asbestosis group (25.5%, 51.0%, 23.5%) and the non-asbestosis group (48.0%, 36.0%, 16.0%) was observed (chi(2) = 6.023, P < 0.05). The comet scores at H2O2-induced and 4 hours after repair were higher in asbestosis subjects than in non-asbestosis ones (P < 0.05). (3) After adjusting ages, sex, smoking and drinking status, the odds ratios of the Cys allele for asbestosis were 0.66 (95% CI = 0.38 - 1.13) in the exposed subjects.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggested that the asbestos occupational exposure might induce DNA damage and the augment on susceptivity of H2O2 oxidation and the fall of the capacity of repairing DNA damage might be one of the mechanisms to induce asbestosis among subjects with the Cys allele.

Aged ; Alleles ; Asbestosis ; blood ; epidemiology ; genetics ; China ; Comet Assay ; DNA Damage ; DNA Glycosylases ; genetics ; DNA Repair ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Asbestos related pleuropulmonary disease has been emerging health problem for recent years. It can cause variable clinical symptoms and radiological abnormalities. However, there has been no report for their characteristics in subjects who were environmentally exposed to asbestos. We reviewed the CT images of 35 people who were environmentally exposed to asbestos in Chungnam province, Korea. The study result showed high incidence of pleural plaque and pulmonary fibrosis on chest CT (94% and 77%, respectively). The common CT findings of lung parenchymal lesions were as follows: centrilobular opacities (94%), subpleural dot-like or branching opacities (80%), interlobular septal thickening (57%), intralobular interstitial thickening (46%), parenchymal bands (43%) and subpleural curvilinear line (29%). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of pulmonary fibrosis and pleural plaques according to sex, age and duration of exposure. In conclusion, pleural plaque and pulmonary fibrosis are common asbestos-related CT finding in the exposed people. Asbestos related lung parenchymal CT findings in the participants with environmental exposure show similar to those observed in the occupational exposure.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asbestos/*adverse effects ; Asbestosis/epidemiology/etiology/*radiography ; Environmental Exposure/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Pleura/radiography ; Prevalence ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether asbestosis is a risk factor for mortality of lung cancer.

METHODSA fixed cohort study was established in an asbestos plant in Chongqing, China, and followed up for 30 years from the beginning of 1972. Basic personal information on life state, cause of death, and diagnosis of asbestosis was collected. Multiple logistic regressions were applied to analyze risk factors.

RESULTSDuring the 30-year follow-up, 584 male workers constituting a total of 14,664 person-years were monitored and data were analyzed. Among them, 203 (34.8%) died and the mortality rate was 13.8 per 1000 person-years, cancer accounting for 37.4%. Excess risks were observed for lung cancer (OR = 3.72) and nonmalignant respiratory diseases (OR = 2.73) among workers with asbestosis. High-exposure level was another risk factor for lung cancer (OR = 3.20). Workers with category II of asbestosis demonstrated a higher OR of both lung cancer and nonmalignant respiratory diseases than those with category I of asbestosis.

CONCLUSIONHigh asbestos exposure level and asbestosis were the risk factors for death of lung cancer and nonmalignant respiratory diseases. Asbestosis is an independent risk factor for lung cancer among Chinese workers exposed to chrysotile, the risk increases with the increasing profusion of opacities of lung.

Adult ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; toxicity ; Asbestos, Serpentine ; toxicity ; Asbestosis ; complications ; mortality ; Chemical Industry ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; chemically induced ; mortality ; Male ; Occupational Diseases ; chemically induced ; mortality ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Factors