Risk of malarial outbreak and measures of malaria control at A Luoi district, Thua Thien Hue province during 1997-1998. Malaria prevention and control activity at A Luoi district, Thua Thien Hue province during 1991-1996 improved. The morbidity and mortality decreased gradually, the malaria outbreak did not happen for many years and was stable. However, malaria tended to return during 1997-1998, the outbreak happened. The outbreak surveillance had been applied by looking at monthly malaria chart and compared with +2SD chart. Basing on this basis, the investigation and intervention has been made timely and appropriately to control the outbreak effectively
Malaria ; artesunate

Achito compound was prepared by the grft-copolymerization of artesunate and chitosan. The dynamic of Achito hydrolytis process into artesunate and chitosan has been studied. The obtained results showed that: the artesunate content has been quickly released from polymeric carrier in the first hour, then it was slowly liberated in the following 24 hours. At the 24th hour 99% artesunate was released from the Achito. After 48 hours 100% artesunate was released.
Artesunate ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Artesunate has been produced and used in Vietnam since 1993, but up to 1998, we only produced and used artesunate for tabletting. Since 1998 a research program of injectable artesunate was launched by Ministry of Health. We have succeeded in the production of artesunate powder for injection in two steps: -Producing high quality artesunate powder for injection from the high quality artesunate.
Artesunate ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Artemisinin and its derivatives are nowadays among the most effective antimalarials. However, the relapse rate with artemisinin and related compounds is relatively high. In order to overcome this, some experimental formulations of prolonged release tablet of artesunat are tested. The chosen formulation met the following demands: after an effective loading concentration of the active compound, there is a steady release of maintenance dose during 8 hours.
Artesunate ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; tablets

On basis of the chemical structure of artesunate, 4 identification tests were proposed. They were as follows: Artesunate reacts with a potassium iodide solution to form iodine; artesunate reacts with 5% potassium dichromate solution and 2% sulphuric acid to form acid perchromic; artesunate reacts with cupri-tar-taric solution R to form a red precipitate; artesunat reacts with silver nitrate solution R and dilute ammonia R1 to form a silver mirror. A new method for the determination of artesunate was proposed as alkalimetric titration. The validation of the method was carried out and the results showed that the method was precise, linear, accurate and more specific than the current method.
Artesunate ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Two current methods for assay of artesunate in our country have been validated and they meet the criteria for accuracy and precision; but do not meet criterion for specificity. Impurities in artesunate interfere with determinations. Result of artesunate determination according to quality specifications in-house increased 5.6% when 1% of succinic acid was presented in the sample to be assayed. If artesunate was assayed according to official quality specifications, result of the determination increased 1.4% when 1% of DHA is presented in the sample to be determined.
Methods ; artesunate ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

The introduction of permethrine - impregnated bednets has effectively contributed to decrease malaria cases in ethnic communities at Thua Thien - Hue province. Malaria attack rate was 15.05 per thousand in 1992, 8.54 per thousand in 1994, and 3.30 per thousand in 1997
Malaria ; artesunate ; epidemiology

125 alternative treatment providers (ATPs) in 3 provinces Son La, Gia Lai and Song Be were investigated using in-deep interviews. Antimalarial drugs were sold in > 95% of these ATPs. Almost all common antimalarials with different formulation and from different sources were available. Pharmaceutical inspection should be strengthened
Malaria ; artesunate ; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Clothers with hats and mosquito nets made from Olyset tried on 50 people who were working out-door at nights and 50 people who were sleeping with mosquito nets indoor at nights. 100 control people divided into 2 groups. Results showed that mosquito density indoor decreased significantly, clinical malaria and malarial parasite reduced from the 2nd month to the 4th month. There was no case of clinical malaria and malaria parasite on the 5th month. There was no major change in the control groups before and after experiment. After 7 to 10 months of experiment, no major changes of falling mosquito (80%) when contacted with Olyset net within three minutes
Malaria ; artesunate ; prevention & control

An evaluation of the malaria control activity in 2000 has shown that the malaria control activity has obtained some achievements including no big outbreak, reduction of morbidity number and mortality number to 50% and 60%, respectively when comparing with these in 1995. This paper presented some shortcoming such as the high morbidity and mortality, malaria in the central highland, limited diagnosis, treatment, education and communication in the local level, especially in remote areas as well as unstable equipment and material
Malaria ; artesunate ; prevention & control