PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in facilitating maturation of autogenous arteriovenous fistulae. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were 12 immature autogenous arteriovenous fistulae. We performed 15 PTAs transvenously. Post-intervention anatomic and clinical successes were estimated, and the 6-month and 1-year primary and secondary patency rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: All immature fistulae had underlying stenosis (n=20): arteriovenous anastomosis (n=1) and venous outflow (n=19): 1) within 5 cm from the anastomosis (n=10); 2) more than 5 cm but less than 10 cm from the anastomosis (n=5); 3) more than 10 cm from the anastomosis, including central veins (n=4). Six fistulae had two or more stenoses. Repeat intervention was necessary in two patients. The anatomical success rate was 94.3%, and the clinical success rate was 86.7%. The 6-month and 1-year primary patency rates were 72.7% and 54.5%, and the secondary patency rates were 100% and 81.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: All immature hemodialysis fistulae have underlying stenosis, most of which are located near the arteriovenous anastomosis. Early interventional procedures are helpful in the salvage and maintenance of immature arteriovenous fistulae, with a high degree of success.
Angioplasty ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Arteriovenous Anastomosis ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Fistula ; Humans ; Renal Dialysis ; Veins

Granuloma pyogenicum (GP) has been reported to be associated with hemangioma and hamartomas, including port-wine stains. GP may rarely occur in association with port-wine stains, either de novo or following trauma such as laser therapy. It has been suggested that the development of GP in a port-wine stain following trauma might be associated with microscopic arteriovenous anastomosis in the port-wine stain. We report a 48 year-old woman with GP arising within port-wine stain following trauma.
Arteriovenous Anastomosis ; Female ; Granuloma* ; Granuloma, Pyogenic* ; Hamartoma ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Middle Aged ; Port-Wine Stain*

Glomus tumors are rare neoplasms that originate from the glomus bodies, an arteriovenous anastomosis with a specialized vascular structure. The most common site for these tumors is the subungal region of the fingers. Occasionally, glomus tumors are found in the middle ear, trachea, nasal cavities, stomach, and lungs. The occurrence in the parotid regions is very rare. While multiple glomus tumors in the whole body are thought to represent only 10% of all cases, instances of multiple tumors in the neck have not yet been reported in the literature. We report a case of double glomus tumors in the submandibular and parotid regions.
Arteriovenous Anastomosis ; Ear, Middle ; Fingers ; Glomus Tumor ; Lung ; Nasal Cavity ; Neck ; Parotid Region ; Stomach ; Trachea

Glomus tumors are rare neoplasms that originate from the glomus bodies, an arteriovenous anastomosis with a specialized vascular structure. The most common site for these tumors is the subungal region of the fingers. Occasionally, glomus tumors are found in the middle ear, trachea, nasal cavities, stomach, and lungs. The occurrence in the parotid regions is very rare. While multiple glomus tumors in the whole body are thought to represent only 10% of all cases, instances of multiple tumors in the neck have not yet been reported in the literature. We report a case of double glomus tumors in the submandibular and parotid regions.
Arteriovenous Anastomosis ; Ear, Middle ; Fingers ; Glomus Tumor ; Lung ; Nasal Cavity ; Neck ; Parotid Region ; Stomach ; Trachea

Collateral circulation that develops in the chronic stage of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) was known to affect the cliniral course of this disease. To study the development of collateral circulation according to the types of BRVO, 45 eyes with BRVO in which fluorescein angiographies(FAG) were taken more than two times were divided into 3 groups by the combination of the area of capillary non perfusion and the amount of cotton wool patches. Group I showed a small area of nonperfusion, group II, a wide-spread nonperfusion area with no or several cotton wool patches and group III, a wide-spread nonperfusion area with predominant cotton wool patches. The collateral and the venovenous anastomosis was further subdivided into high-low anastomosis, bridging vessel and recanalization. Then we compared the incidence of collateral vessels in each group. As a result, in group II and III, higher incidence of arteriovenous anastomosis, arteriovenous and venovenous anastomosis was recognized compared to group I. In the cases of major temporal vein occlusion, higher incidence of arteriovenous anastomosis compared to the cases of macular branch vein occlusion. And in group III, higher incidence of neovascularization was found compared to group I.
Arteriovenous Anastomosis ; Capillaries ; Collateral Circulation* ; Fluorescein ; Incidence ; Perfusion ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Veins ; Wool

PURPOSE: The vessels of the finger tip are very small and fragile, have many branches, so the anastomosis of this vessel is very difficult. Guillotine type amputation of digits are rare, on the other hand, crush/avulsion injuries which require complex surgical solutions are more frequent. We often found that the arteries of distal amputee on crush/avulsion injuries are lost. In these cases, replantation is much more difficult even impossible. But when replantation is successes, the replantated finger tip provides adequate soft tissue, restoration of length, sensory and nail. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report here our experience of finger tip replantation using afferent a-v anastomosis technique accumulated from March 2006 to March 2009. RESULT: The success rate was 96.4%. Complications occurred in eight patients. (5 digit atrophy, 1 osteomyelitis, 1 severe digit pain and 1 cold intolerance) CONCLUSIONS: We believe that the afferent a-v anastomosis replantation provides us wider range of indication of finger tip replantation on crush/avulsion injuries.
Amputation ; Amputees ; Arteries ; Arteriovenous Anastomosis ; Atrophy ; Cold Temperature ; Fingers ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Hand ; Humans ; Osteomyelitis ; Replantation

A 27-year-old woman had a cataract in the left eye and absent radial pulses in both upper extremities. Fundus examination of the right eye disclosed arteriovenous anastomosis about the disc and segmentation of venous blood column. Aortogram revealed complete obstruction of brachiocephalic, left common carotid and left subclavian arteries, which were the branches of aortic arch. Takayasu's arteritis is an uncommon disorder which causes obliteration of branches of aortic arch and pulmonary artery. Its characteristics are absence of pulsation in the upper extremities and arteriovenous anastomosis around the disc. It affects mainly young females and its etiology is uncertain.
Adult ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Arteriovenous Anastomosis ; Cataract ; Female ; Humans ; Pulmonary Artery ; Subclavian Artery ; Takayasu Arteritis* ; Upper Extremity

Glomus tumors are well recongnized and well documented lesions which usually present as painful dermal nodules in the fingers. A glomus consists of arteriovenous anastomosis which may be enclosed by a connective tissue capsule. They are described occuring in the skin and subcutaneous tissue on the flexor surfaces of the fingers and toes and in the nailbeds; but they also occur elsewhere in the corium. Approximately one-third of glomus tumor occur in the nail bed. These tumors may occur at any age. This paper reports a glomus tumor occuring in the subcutaneous tissue of the right cubital fossa of a 24 years old female. Despite extreme pain and tenderness with a slight touch, there was 7 years delay in the diagnosis but complete recovery followed excision of the tumor.
Arteriovenous Anastomosis ; Connective Tissue ; Dermis ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fingers ; Glomus Tumor ; Humans ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Toes

Glomus tumor is a painful small subcutaneous mass as described by William Wood in 1812. Although seen infrequently and difficult to diagnose, the tumor has been interest to the profession for many years. The normal glomus is an end-organ apparatus which is a remarkable arteriovenous anastomosis functioning without an intermediary capillary bed. Distributed widely over the surface of the body in the deepest layer of the corium or in the stratum reticuiare of the skin, it is most abundant at the distal ends of the extremities. The main function of the glomus body is to aid in the regulation of the skin circulation and, therefore, the peripheral blood pressure and temperature. Glomus tumor represents a hypertrophy of the normal glomus. The gross appearance is that of small soft encapsulated tumor, pink or purple in color, almost always less than one centimeter in diameter if it is located subungually. The microscopic appearance of the tumor closely resembles that of normal glomus, the principal difference being a marked increase in the number of glomal cells (epithelioid cells) and nonmyelinated nerves. Glomus tumor may occur at any age but is most frequent in the middle age of life. Pain, tenderness and temperature sensitivity are the classic triad of symptoms. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice for the glomus tumors. Successful removal of the tumor leads to complete relief of pain and return to normal function. This paper is aimed to report on our experience with 3 cases of subungual glomus tumor which were successfully treated by complete excision and to review the literature.
Arteriovenous Anastomosis ; Blood Pressure ; Capillaries ; Dermis ; Extremities ; Glomus Tumor ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Middle Aged ; Skin ; Wood

Glomus tumor arises from the subcutaneous glomus body, which is an arteriovenous anastomosis involved in the regulation of cutaneous blood circulation and are widely distributed in the body, especially the hand. Twelve patients (male 3, female 9) with glomus tumors of the hand, who were operated from Jan. 1986 to Dec. 1994 were selected. The lesions were distributed in the distal phalanges of the thumb (6 cases), the index (3 cases), the ring finger (2 cases) and the little finger (1 case). All patients had the classic triad of symtoms: pain, tenderness and temperature sensitivity. Palpable mass (4 cases) and bluish purple discoloration in the skin (6 cases) were also presented. They had no trauma history and on the roentgenography, bone change detected in 2 cases. A simple excision with partial nail extraction was done in all cases. The symtoms were disappeared in all cases and no recurrence was found. For a complete cure, meticulous complete excision is the only recommended treatment.
Arteriovenous Anastomosis ; Blood Circulation ; Female ; Fingers ; Glomus Tumor* ; Hand* ; Humans ; Radiography ; Recurrence ; Skin ; Thumb