Antisense oligonucleotides (ASODN) for therapy is a genetic technology which is based on the base-complementary principle. DNA or RNA sequence synthesized by biotechnology is transferred into the target cells to form mRNA-DNA or mRNA-RNA double strand for inhibiting the expression of target genes. In this way we can control and treat some diseases. The development of antisense oligonucleotides drugs has opened a new area of genetic pharmacology. This paper reviews its classifications, mechanics and its wide application in the treatment of viral infection, tumor and cardiovascular diseases. At the same time we pose the problems that need solving.
Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; therapy ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; therapy ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Virus Diseases ; therapy

Aged ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; therapy ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of the newly designed Niti-S stent in the management of iliac arterial stenoses and occlusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Stenoses (n=25) or occlusions (n=5) in the iliac arteries of 25 patients (30 limbs) were treated. The site of the lesions was the common (n=15) or external (n=11) iliac artery, or both (n=4). Eight limbs were treated for diffuse disease, six for highly eccentric lesion, five for occlusive lesion, and 11 for failed angioplasty. RESULTS: In all patients, technical success was achieved without major complications. One death, not procedure-related, occurred within 30 days. Ankle-brachial indexes improved from 0.63 +/- 0.30 to 0.99 +/- 0.21, and ischemic symptoms showed improvement in 22 patients (88%). Fontaine classifications before stenting, namely IIa(n=3), IIb(n=16), III(n=2), and IV(n=4) improved to I(n=17), IIa(n=5), and IV(n=3). Follow-up over a 27 (mean, 19.8 +/- 8)-month period showed that cumulative patency rates were 95.8% at 1 year and 86.2% at 2 and 3 years. No significant decrease in the mean ankle-brachial index was observed. CONCLUSION: The Niti-S stent appears to be a safe and effective device for the treatment of iliac stenoses and occlusions. These preliminary results require confirmation with a larger series.
Aged ; *Alloys ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases/*therapy ; Equipment Design ; Female ; Human ; *Iliac Artery ; Male ; *Stents ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Endovascular technique has been successfully and widely used in the treatment of iliac artery occlusion. The clinical values of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stenting are still under investigation. Although the endovascular treatment of femoral and popliteal arteries has lower mid- and long-term patency rates than that of by-pass operation, its minimal invasiveness and easy repeatability are still encouraging. The decision of the endovascular treatment of popliteal artery should be made in a prudent manner. Its mid- and long-term efficacy on the treatment of lower extremities still lacks data from multi-center and prospective studies. However, considering its effectiveness in alleviating the pain suffered by patients with persisting diabetic feet, it can still be used in clinical practice.
Angioplasty, Balloon ; methods ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; therapy ; Femoral Artery ; Humans ; Iliac Artery ; Lower Extremity ; blood supply ; Popliteal Artery ; Tibial Arteries

Despite various methods of treating acute lower limb ischemia, the reported mortality continues to be in the 10% to 30% range. To evaluate the results according to etiology, location, time interval before starting treatment of acute lower extremities occlusive lesion, this study was done for 38 patients with acute arterial occlusive disease. The causes of acute lower limb occlusion were embolism (n=18, 47.4%) and thrombosis (n=20, 52.6%). The mortality rate was 11.1% (2/18) in embolism and 10% (2/20) in thrombosis. All the patients with embolic occlusion were treated by thromboembolectomy with Fogarty catheter, and thrombotic occlusive lesion were treated by intraarterial thrombolytic therapy only (n=3), followed by corrective procedure such as PTA only for short iliac arterial lesion (n=1), PTA and stent for long iliac arterial lesion (n=5), bypass operation (n=5). The amputation rate was higher (p,<0.05) in thrombotic group (6/20, 30%) than in embolic group (2/18, 11.1%), in longer duration group (>24 hr, 7/20, 35.0%) than in shorter duration (<24 hr, 1/18, 5.6%), and in multiple lesion (7/13, 53.7%) than single lesion (1/25, 10.0%). Even though advanced therapeutic modality for acute lower limb occlusive disease, mortality is still high, and limb salvage is dependent on various factors such as status of patients, etiology and number of lesion site, time interval before starting treatment.
Amputation ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; Catheters ; Embolism ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Limb Salvage ; Lower Extremity ; Mortality ; Stents ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Thrombosis

Low frequency high power ultrasound is a recent addition to the list of methods for arterial angioplasty. This paper introduced the effects of the low frequency high power ultrasound and summarized the results of many experiments with its use for different kinds of arterial obstruction.
Angioplasty ; methods ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; surgery ; Arteriosclerosis ; surgery ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Endarterectomy ; methods ; Femoral Artery ; surgery ; Humans ; Ultrasonic Therapy ; methods

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is primarily considered to be an autoimmune pathological condition that is also referred to as "Hughes syndrome". It is characterized by arterial and/or venous thrombosis and pregnancy pathologies in the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies and/or lupus anticoagulant. APS can occur either as a primary disease or secondary to a connective tissue disorder, most frequently systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Damage to the nervous system is one of the most prominent clinical constellations of sequelae in APS and includes (i) arterial/ venous thrombotic events, (ii) psychiatric features and (iii) other non- thrombotic neurological syndromes. In this overview we compare the most important vascular ischemic (occlusive) disturbances (VIOD) with neuro-psychiatric symptomatics, together with complete, updated classifications and hypotheses for the etio-pathogenesis of APS with underlying clinical and laboratory criteria for optimal diagnosis and disease management.
Antibodies, Antiphospholipid/immunology ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome/diagnosis/*immunology/therapy ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases/diagnosis/*immunology/therapy ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/diagnosis/immunology/therapy ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis/immunology/therapy

We report a case of erectile dysfunction caused by external iliac artery occlusion, associated with pelvic steal syndrome; bilateral internal iliac arteries were patent. The patient stated that he had experienced erectile dysfunction at similar times along with claudication, but he did not mention it before angiography. He expressed that the erectile dysfunction did not last long and that he felt completely okay after the interventional procedure, in addition to his claudication. Successful treatment of the occlusion, by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent implantation, helped resolve erectile dysfunction completely and treat the steal syndrome.
*Angioplasty ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases/*complications/radiography/*therapy ; Erectile Dysfunction/*etiology/*therapy ; Humans ; Iliac Artery/pathology/*radiography ; Intermittent Claudication/complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Stents ; Subclavian Steal Syndrome/*complications/*therapy

BACKGROUNDEndovascular therapy is a treatment option for localized occlusion of the subclavian artery. In this report the long-term experience with 59 patients is presented.

METHODSBetween June 1998 and September 2008, we used endovascular therapy to treat 61 subclavian arterial obstructive lesions in 59 patients (46 males and 13 females, 34 - 82 years of age with a mean age (61.9 + or - 11.0) years). Twenty patients (34%) had clinical symptoms due to vertebrobasilar insufficiency, 26 (44%) had disabling arm ischemia, and 13 (22%) had both symptoms. We performed all procedures under local anesthesia. The approaches were from the femoral artery (n = 47), brachial artery (n = 1, involving bilateral subclavian disease) or both (n = 11). Sixty stents were implanted. All patients were followed-up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-procedure, and annually thereafter.

RESULTSWe achieved technical success in 58 (95.1%) arteries, all of which were stented. There were three technical failures; two were due to the inability to cross over an occlusion, necessitating the switch to an axillo-axillary bypass, and the third was due to shock after digital subtraction angiography and prior to stenting. Arterial stenosis pre- and post-stenting was (83.6 + or - 10.8)% and (2.5 + or - 12.5)% (P < 0.01). Clinical success was achieved in 55 of the 59 patients (93.4%). Of the four clinical failures, three were technical and the remaining patient had a stent thrombosis. Systolic blood pressure difference between the two brachial arteries was (44.7 + or - 18.5) vs. (2.2 + or - 3.9) mmHg (P < 0.01). Primary patency was 98% at 12 months, 93% at 24 months, and 82% at 5 years. Five patients were lost to follow-up by 12 months post-stenting. Significant recurrent obstruction developed in five patients with resumption of clinical symptoms. The overall survival rate was 98.2% at 12 months, 89.5% at 24 months, and 84.5% at 5 years.

CONCLUSIONSEndovascular therapy for proximal subclavian arterial obstructive lesions is effective and successful. This minimally invasive treatment may be the first choice of treatment for proximal subclavical arterial obstructive lesions.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; pathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stents ; Subclavian Artery ; pathology ; Subclavian Steal Syndrome ; pathology ; therapy ; Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency ; pathology ; therapy

Animals ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Dogs ; Genetic Therapy ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor ; genetics ; Hindlimb ; blood supply ; Ischemia ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Male ; Plasmids