Measles continues to be a major childhood illness in Baguio City considering that the Philippines is elimination phase due to continuous transmission among susceptible population. Despite a high percentage of anti-measles vaccination coverage, outbreaks have been reported.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to describe the epidemiology of measles cases during 2010-2012 and relate it to the outbreak response immunization (ORI) and supplemental immunization activities (SIA) of Health Services Office.

METHODS: It is a cross sectional design utilizing data from Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (PIDSR) of the City Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit and reports from the Expanded Program on Immunization of the Field Health Service Information System of Baguio City. Simple descriptive statistical analysis utilizing frequency and percentage distribution was used to characterize the measles cases according to age, sex, case final classification and vaccination status.

RESULTS: During the 3-year, period, there were 457 total suspected measles cases with history of fever, generalized rash, and either cough, coryza or conjunctivitis. Outbreak started in February 2010 and reached 97 suspected cases and eventually decreased after the ORI by March to April 2010. The mean age of the cases is 11.18±10.64 years old, 10.28 are aged from 0-8 months. Of this total, 105 (22.98%) were clinically confirmed, 66 (14.44%) were laboratory confirmed positive for anti-measles IgM antibodies, 27, (5.91%) were epidemiologically linked to confirmed cases and 295, (56.67%) discarded non-measles cases. Among 171 laboratory and clinically confirmed cases, 33 (19.30%) did not received measles vaccination, 40 (23.40%) received 1 dose and 54.40% has unknown immunization status.

CONCLUSION: There were observed cased of measles that are out of age targer of the immunization program which necessitates public health action. There is a need to revisit immunization programs and policies to address out of target cases.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Infant ; Cough ; Public Health ; Measles ; Immunization Programs ; Vaccination ; Disease Outbreaks ; Exanthema ; Conjunctivitis ; Immunoglobulin M

Becoming a mother represents a pivotal life transition that introduces new roles and responsibilities for women. A deeper understanding of this concept can aid researchers and healthcare professionals in selecting appropriate measurement tools and designing nursing interventions that support a positive transition to motherhood, particularly for first-time mothers. This concept analysis aimed to explore and to clarify the defining attributes of maternal role transition in first pregnancy in order to establish an operational definition, and to identify its antecedents and consequences.

Guided by Walker and Avant's concept analysis model, this study also applied the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) framework to determine eligibility criteria for the integrative review: studies on motherhood (population), transition (concept), and first-time pregnancy and childbirth (context). Electronic databases including CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, and ProQuest were searched. Extracted data included definitions of maternal role transition, its key domains, the settings and populations of the included studies, and information relevant to the eight steps of concept analysis—namely, attributes, antecedents, and consequences.

From an initial 1,045 citations, 64 full-text articles were screened, and 30 studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicated that maternal role transition is both a process and an experience that facilitates a woman's journey toward embracing motherhood. Influential factors include preparation, perceived life changes, social support, trust, emotional comfort, couple relationships, and infant growth and development. A successful transition resulted in enhanced maternal skills, competence, confidence, acceptance of the maternal role, gratification, infant attachment, and overall maternal role adjustment.

Human ; Female ; Mothers