Sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) is one of the surgical techniques used to correct mandibular deformities. In order to prevent many surgical anatomical problems, we observed the anatomical structures related to SSRO. In dry mandibles of Koreans, lingular tips were located somewhat posteriorly and superiorly on the mandibular ramus. On the coronal sections of mandible, the mean cortical width of facial cortex was increased toward the ramus region while the lingual cortex was thinnest in the ramus region. On the same sections, all the fusion points of the buccal and lingual cortical plate were located above the mandibular lingula and beneath the mandibular notch. So, performing the SSRO on Koreans, medial horizontal osteotomy should be done through the superior aspect of the mandibular lingula. The cut line is extended 5-8 mm posterior to the mandibular lingula to preserve sufficient cortical width to strengthen the involved osseous segments and reduce possible surgical complications.
Anatomy, Artistic ; Human ; Human ; Mandible/surgery* ; Mandible/anatomy & histology* ; Medical Illustration ; Osteotomy/methods*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of art therapy to control fatigue in cancer patients during course of radiotherapy and its impact on quality of life (QoL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty cancer patients receiving radiotherapy received weekly art therapy sessions using famous painting appreciation. Fatigue and QoL were assessed using the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) Scale and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) at baseline before starting radiotherapy, every week for 4 weeks during radiotherapy, and at the end of radiotherapy. Mean changes of scores over time were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model. RESULTS: Of the 50 patients, 34 (68%) participated in 4 sessions of art therapy. Generalized linear mixed models testing for the effect of time on mean score changes showed no significant changes in scores from baseline for the BFI and FACIT-F. The mean BFI score and FACIT-F total score changed from 3.1 to 2.7 and from 110.7 to 109.2, respectively. Art therapy based on the appreciation of famous paintings led to increases in self-esteem by increasing self-realization and forming social relationships. CONCLUSION: Fatigue and QoL in cancer patients with art therapy do not deteriorate during a period of radiotherapy. Despite the single-arm small number of participants and pilot design, this study provides a strong initial demonstration that art therapy of appreciation for famous painting is worthy of further study for fatigue and QoL improvement. Further, it can play an important role in routine practice in cancer patients during radiotherapy.
Art Therapy* ; Chronic Disease ; Fatigue* ; Humans ; Paint* ; Paintings* ; Quality of Life ; Radiotherapy*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is examine the effects of clinical art therapy on self-esteem, anxiety, and pain of pediatric burn patients. METHODS: Hospitalized pediatric patients, age from 6 to 15, at H specialized burn hospital located in Seoul were chosen as subjects for this study. Total 11 people were participated. An experimental group received 8 sessions of a clinical art therapy program, twice a week with each 40 minutes long. As for measurement tools, a Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and a State Anxiety Inventory for Children (SAIC) were used. And a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was implemented before and after each session. Also, a Drawing a Person test was analyzed along with individual characteristics. RESULTS: 1) The self-esteem score after art-therapy was improved from 28.1+/-3.4 to 32.9+/-3.1 (P<0.001), 2) The Anxiety score after art-therapy was decrease from 34.6+/-3.7 to 26.8+/-2.8 (P<0.001), 3) Overall 8 sessions of each art-therapy, there were significant reduction in the pain scale score (least squares means: 2.5 (2.1~2.8), P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrate positive effects of clinical art therapy on self-esteem, anxiety, and pain of pediatric burn patients.
Anxiety ; Art Therapy ; Burns ; Child ; Humans

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; standards ; Art ; China ; Humans

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate the effects of group art and music therapy on decreasing job stress and increasing resilience of newly hired nurses. METHODS: A mixed method design was used. Quantitative data (N=35) were collected through questionnaires from November 2 to December, 5, 2016 and were analyzed using a one-tailed paired t-test by SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. Qualitative data (N=18) were collected through group and individual interviews from November 10, 2016 to February 3, 2017 and were analyzed using a qualitative thematic analysis. RESULTS: The first hypothesis “participants will have lower job stress after the art and music therapy” was not statistically supported (t=−1.12, p=.270). The second hypothesis, “participants will have higher resilience after the art and music therapy” was supported (t=−2.13, p=.041). Four main themes were derived from the interviews: ‘looking into myself’, ‘feeling a camaraderie’, ‘healing of my mind and body’, ‘change in the intimidated self,’ CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that art and music therapy for newly hired nurses may positively influence resilience. Hospital organizations should utilize the therapy for newly hired nurses to improve their resilience so that they can realize their own values and increase positive emotion despite job stress.
Art Therapy ; Methods ; Music Therapy ; Music

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common in the patients with dementia.Creative arts therapies (CAT) are one of the safe and effective non-pharmacological interventions for BPSD.This paper elaborates on the therapeutic effects of four common CAT,including art therapy,music therapy,dance therapy,and drama therapy,on BPSD.Despite the shortcomings,CAT offer a new gateway for the safe and noninvasive treatment of BPSD.
Humans ; Art Therapy ; Music Therapy ; Dementia/psychology*

Art therapy 1. is a health service profession based on knowledge of human development and psychological theories and research with integrative approach involving both sides of the brain, the mind, body and spirit, 2. utilizes art media (such as drawing, painting, clay), images, the creative process, and client response to create products that reflect the individual's personal development, abilities, personality, interest, concerns, and conflicts. and 3. has been implemented in assessment as well as treatment since 1961 when Ulman initiated a new terminology "Art Therapy" as described in the "Bulletin of Art Therapy". Art Therapy 1. endorses the idea that the process of making art is inherently therapeutic, 2. takes into consideration thoughts, feelings, behaviors and spirituality within the counselling process, 3. can be used to explore issues of relationships, family, loss, life transitions, abuse, and development, and 4. includes interventions to resolve emotional conflict, increase self-awareness and self-esteem, build social skills, change behaviour, increase coping skills, and to develop strategies for problem solving. For the past four decades in some developed countries like United States, France, Germany, and Japan, art therapy has been actively and positively applied in the fields of psychiatry, pediatrics, and rehabilitation medicine, and also in management of chronic pain and cancer patients as a complementary therapeutic modality and basic research tool as well. In approximately 2001 in Korea, educational program of art therapy on a post-graduate level at medical schools and art therapy clinics at university hospitals were begun. Ever since that time the clinical, academic, and research activities are noticeably growing in number and quality. It is anticipated that if the theories and skills of western medicine, oriental medicine and complementary alternative medicine are put together, the newly established integrative art therapy will make significant contribution toward overall improvement in future medicine.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Art Therapy* ; Brain ; Chronic Pain ; Complementary Therapies ; Developed Countries ; France ; Germany ; Health Services ; Hospitals, University ; Human Development ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine ; Japan ; Korea ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Paint ; Paintings ; Pediatrics ; Problem Solving ; Psychological Theory ; Rehabilitation ; Schools, Medical ; Spirituality ; United States

PURPOSE: Art program has been found to enhance mood such as increasing motivation, self-expression and decreasing depression in older adults. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of clay art and drawing on depression and self-expression among elderly people at a long-term care center. METHODS: The research was a pre-test and post-test non-equivalent design. Sixty older patients (clay art program=28. Drawing art program=32) over the age of 65 were recruited from 2 long-term care hospitals to participate in the 5 weeks program. Each group was scheduled with 10,120-minute evaluation sessions, twice per week. Test measures were completed before and after the 5 week intervention period for all participants. The data was collected from April 27 to May 29, 2015. It was analyzed with SPSS 22.0 using chi-square, t-test and paired t-test. RESULTS: There were no significant difference in the levels of depression (t=0.21, p=.830) and total score of self-expression (t=-0.10, p=.919) between the two groups. However, the pre-post scores of self-expression in the clay art program (t=0.22, p=.826) were improved compared to the drawing art program (t=0.80, p=.430). CONCLUSION: Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of clay art program for extended senior care applications.
Adult ; Aged* ; Art Therapy ; Depression* ; Humans ; Long-Term Care* ; Motivation

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine the effects of a literary therapy intervention on ego-resilience and maladaptive behavior among children of broken homes. METHODS: The intervention consisted of 16 sessions designed to achieve a positive self-concept and was constructed as an interaction between participant and certain literature including poetry, narratives, dramas, art therapy, and willingness to share it with others. The study was carried out from May 2 to July 25, 2006. The participants were 36 children resided in a vulnerable region in G city. The collected data for Ego-resilience, Korean-Children Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), Korean-Youth Self-Report (K-YSR) were respectively analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA with Post Hoc, and ANCOVA with the SPSS/WIN version 12.0 program. RESULTS: After the intervention, there was a significant difference between the experimental and the control group for Ego-resilience, K-CBCL, and K-YSR. There were significant differences according to time process in ego-resilience and K-YSR. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that literary therapy is an effective nursing intervention for enhancing ego-resilience and reducing maladaptive behavior in children of broken homes.
Art Therapy ; Checklist ; Child* ; Drama ; Ego* ; Humans ; Nursing

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of the 8-week, 16-session group art therapy program on body image and self-esteem in college women. METHOD: Data collected by self-reported questionnaires from 58 college women in Inchon who were selected by criteria of this study, from the 6 of March to 10 of May, 2002. The 11 experimental group participated in a 8-week group art therapy program. Descriptive statistics, homogeneity test, hypothesis, and reliability test were performed statistically by utilizing SPSS PC+ 8.0 program. RESULT: 1. 'The experimental group showed significantly higher scores in body image than the comparison group. 2. No significant differences were found between two groups in self-esteem. CONCLUSION: The findings showed the possibility of applying group art therapy as an effective intervention for clients with negative body image to improve their body image.
Art Therapy* ; Body Image* ; Female ; Humans ; Incheon ; Surveys and Questionnaires