Arsenic Poisoning ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects

Objective: To investigate the spatial distribution characteristics and correlation between the prevalence of dental fluorosis and the chemical elemental composition of drinking water sources in coal-fired fluorosis areas. Methods: Based on the survey data on the prevalence of dental fluorosis at CDC in Guizhou Province in 2022, 274 original surface drinking water sources were collected in typical coal-fired fluorosis areas, and fluoride (F), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), cadmium (Cd), barium (Ba), lead (Pb) 17 elements; apply Moran's I index, Getis-Ord Gi* hotspot analysis of the global spatial autocorrelation of chemical elements in drinking water and the degree of aggregation of each element on the local area, and correlation analysis with the prevalence of dental fluorosis in the region. Results: Except for Cu, Zn, and Cd, global spatial autocorrelation Moran's I was negative, and all other elements were positive. F, Ca, Al, Ti, As, Mo, Cd, and Cu elements showed high values of aggregation in the southeastern low-altitude area; Mg, Ba, Pb, Cr, Mn, and Fe elements were mainly aggregated in the central altitude terrain transition area, Zn and Se elements in water sources are significantly positively correlated with the prevalence of dental fluorosis (P<0.05). In contrast, F, Mg, Al, Ti, As, Mo, Cd, Ba, and Pb elements negatively correlate (P<0.05). Elements in the central region were high-high aggregation, as a hot spot aggregation area with high disease incidence, while F, Al, Mn, Mo, Cd, and Ba elements in the western region were low-low aggregation, as a cold spot aggregation area with a low incidence of fluorosis. Conclusions: The risk of population fluoride exposure in surface drinking water sources is shallow. However, the chemical element content of drinking water sources in coal-fired polluted endemic fluorosis areas has prominent spatial geographical distribution characteristics. There is a significant spatial aggregation effect with the prevalence of dental fluorosis, which may play a synergistic or antagonistic effect on the occurrence and prevalence of dental fluorosis.
Humans ; Drinking Water ; Prevalence ; Coal ; Fluorides/adverse effects* ; Cadmium ; Fluorosis, Dental/epidemiology* ; Lead ; Selenium ; Arsenic

Objective: Based on data related to arsenic contents in paddy rice, as part of the food safety monitoring programs in 2017, to discuss and explore the application of spatial analysis used for food safety risk assessment. Methods: One province was chosen to study the spatial visualization, spatial point model estimation, and kernel density estimation. Moran's I statistic of spatial autocorrelation methods was used to analyze the spatial distribution at the county level. Results: Data concerning the spatial point model estimation showed that the spatial distribution of pollution appeared relatively dispersive. From the kernel density estimation, we found that the hot spots of pollution were mainly located in the central and eastern regions. The global Moran's I values appeared as 0.11 which presented low spatial aggregation to the rice arsenic contamination and with statistically significant differences. One "high-high" and two typical "low-low" clustering were seen in this study. Conclusion: Results from our study provided good visual demonstration, identification of pollution distribution rules, hot spots and aggregation areas for research on the distribution of food pollutants. Spatial statistics can provide technical support for the implementation of issue-based monitoring programs.
Arsenic/adverse effects* ; China ; Cluster Analysis ; Food Contamination ; Food Supply ; Humans ; Spatial Analysis

We report on a 51-yr-old woman who developed intravascular hemolytic anemia caused by arsenic after long-term ingestion of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Twelve years before the admission, she was diagnosed as neurocysticercosis. She has ingested a TCM for about 12 yr instead of undergoing medical therapy for the disease. She was presented with a severe Coombs'-negative hemolytic anemia with hemosiderinuria. The urine arsenic level was elevated suggesting the arsenic intoxication as a cause of the anemia. She was treated successfully with therapeutic red cell exchange without any sequelae.
Anemia, Hemolytic/*diagnosis ; Arsenic/*toxicity/urine ; *Arsenic Poisoning ; Erythrocytes/*cytology ; Female ; Human ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/*adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; Time Factors

Adult ; Aged ; Arsenic Poisoning ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Adult ; Arsenic Poisoning ; etiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Schizophrenia ; drug therapy ; Tablets

Qinghuang Powder (QHP), an oral arsenic, has become an effective drug in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences for many years, and the action mechanism of the compound or active ingredient As₂S₂ of QHP has been elucidated. Considering the relatively safety, chemotherapy-free and convenient oral profile, QHP is widely used in the clinical treatment for MDS patients, especially for elderly patients. In this review, the authors document the efficacy and safety of oral arsenic-containing compound QHP in the treatment of MDS, with a special focus on the association of efficacy of QHP with the cytogenetics, prognostic risk, DNA methylation, gene mutation, blood arsenic concentration, mechanism of action of As₂S₂ and the countermeasures against adverse reactions of gastrointestinal tract.
Aged ; Arsenic/therapeutic use* ; Arsenicals/adverse effects* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics* ; Powders/therapeutic use*

OBJECTIVETo explore arsenic accumulation and toxicity mechanism following long-term use of realgar and provide scientific basis for safety use of realgar in clinic.

METHODThe realgar which was used in the study contains 90% insoluble asenic sulfide (As2S2) and 1.696 mg x kg(-1) soluble arsenic. Two separate experiments were performed: 1) Twenty-eight fasting SD rats were orally given a single dose of realgar at the dose of 0.8 g x kg(-1) and the other four rats were given ultra-filtrated water served as control group. Blood, hearts, livers, kidneys, lungs and brains of four rats were taken out at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 36 h respectively after treatment. Asenic quantity of each organ or blood sample was measured. 2) Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group and realgar 0.02, 0.08, 0.16 g x kg(-1) groups, each group containing 5 females and 5 males. The rats were intra-gastrically treated with realgar once a day for successively 90 days, while the control group was given ultra-filtrated water. Asenic amount in blood, liver, kidney and brain of each rat was measured in fasting rats at 16 h after last dosing.

RESULTAsenic amount of blood, liver, kidney, heart, lung and brain increased after single dosing of realgar at dose of 0.16 g x kg(-1), with the order from high to low blood > kidney > lung > liver > heart > brain. Asenic amount was much higher in blood than that in other organs. The feature of asenic distribution in blood following realgar administration may be the basis for its use for leukemia Ninety-day oral treatment of realgar led to significant accumulation of asenic in blood, kidney, liver and brain. The highest asenic accumulation times was found in kidney followed by liver, which was assumed to be associated with nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of realgar. The highest amount of asenic was observed in blood after 90 day's administration of realgar, and the amount of asenic in organs was in the order of blood > kidney > liver > brain.

CONCLUSIONAsenic can be absorbed and extensively distributed in various organs or tissesses after realgar administration in rats. Long-term use of realgar caused high asenic accumulation in various tissueses, including blood, kidney, liver, and brain. The nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of realgar could be associated with the asenic accumulation in relative organs. Blood is the target of the most highest distribution and accamulation of asenic after realgar treatment, that could be associated with the efficacy of realgar on the treatment of leakemia.

Animals ; Arsenic ; analysis ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; toxicity ; Arsenicals ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; Female ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Solubility ; Sulfides ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; Time Factors

Animals ; Arsenic ; toxicity ; Comet Assay ; DNA Damage ; drug effects ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in mRNA expression of p53 and related downstream genes in peripheral blood lymphocytes in workers occupationally exposed to arsenic as well as its influencing factors, and to analyze the mechanism of genetic toxicity of arsenic.

METHODSWith cluster random sampling, 79 workers from an arsenic smelting plant were selected as exposure group, and another 24 people without occupational exposure to arsenic were selected as control group. The relative mRNA expression of p53 and related downstream genes in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the two groups was determined by quantitative realtime PCR. The levels of inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in urine were determined by hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry.

RESULTSThe exposure group had significantly higher levels of iAs, MMA, and DMA than the control group (P<0.01); the exposure group had significantly higher relative mRNA expression (2(-ΔΔCt)) of p53 and four related downstream genes in peripheral blood lymphocytes than the control group (P<0.05); the relative mRNA expression of p53 and related downstream genes was positively correlated with each other (P<0.01), with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.4; the levels of arsenic compounds in urine were positively correlated with the relative mRNA expression of p53 and some of its downstream genes (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe changes in mRNA expression of p53 and related downstream genes are closely related to the metabolic transformation of inorganic arsenic in workers occupationally exposed to arsenic, and it also plays an important role in genetic toxicity and carcinogenic effect in people exposed to arsenic.

Arsenic ; adverse effects ; urine ; Arsenicals ; urine ; Cacodylic Acid ; urine ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; Occupational Exposure ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism