Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe visual loss in people aged 50 years or older. It estimates that 25-35 million people lost vision due to AMD in the world. Rapid increase of aging population, 33.2 million people was affected by AMD in 1994and there is estimation the number will reach 80 million by 2050. Prevalence of disease is different in countries it relates due to aging population and the ratio is higher in developed countries. The risk factors of AMD; race, nationality, life style, cigarette smoking, alcoholconsumption, UV exposure, diet, vitamin or food supplements consumption, drugs and high blood pressure. This study was to evaluate risk factors in age related macular degeneration because cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and high blood pressure are high among elder Mongolians. Introduction of Optical Coherent Tomography /OCT/ in ophthalmology enables us to early diagnose and prevention. It will be basic data for developing AMD prevention policy and improving methods of diagnosis and management.

BACKGROUND. HCV-infected and obesity related liver diseases are leading to increases in the prevalence of advanced liver disease. So, studying liver disease, especially liver fibrosis is crucial issue of today. In Mongolia digestive system disease is second causation of non-communicable disease. Therefrom in last years hepatocellular carcinoma is most common malignancy, first of all cancers in Mongolia. In response to acute or chronic liver injury, hepatic fibrosis is the accumulation of extracellular matrix and ultimately leads to cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is the end-stage of fibrosis, resulting in nodule formation that may lead to altered hepatic function and blood flow. Defining the phase of liver fibrosis is crucial for therapeutic choice prognosis, important role in monitoring treatment. At the present time, use of direct and undirect biomarkers methods could be recommended for liver fibrosis stage. The aim of this study is to determine liver fibrosis stage and to compare undirect biomarkers in chronic viral hepatitis, cirrhosis. METHODS: 630 cases by chronic viral hepatitis and cirrhosis at third central hospital in Mongolia from retrospectively reviewed and analysed. The clinical data including AST, ALT, platelet count and INR were recorded. APRI, FIB-4, AAR and FibroQ were calculated. RESULT: From all, males 42.06% and females 57.94%, with mean age of 55.35±24.0, in 130 cases with chronic viral hepatitis and 500 cases with cirrhosis. In cases of cirrhosis, mean value of platelet count, ALT, AST, INR was 120.54±73.53, 104.55±500.22, 111.68±279.97, 2.19±10.45, respectively. And in cases of chronic viral hepatitis platelet count mean value was 211.18±6.42. APRI was detected <0.5 cutoff value (F0-F1) 11.7% non-fibrosis, 0.5-1.5 score (F2-F3) 27.5% fibrosis, >1.5 cutoff value (F4) 60.8% cirrhosis. FIB-4 was determined <1.45 cutoff value (F0-F1) 14.8% non-fibrosis, 1.45-3.25 score (F2-F3) 15.7% fibrosis, >3.25 cutoff value (F4) 69.5%, AAR was showed <0.4 cutoff value (F0-F1) 2.3% non-fibrosis, 0.4-1 score (F2-F3) 30.2% fibrosis, >1 cutoff value (F4) 67.5%. And FibroQ was detected <0.6 cutoff value (F0- F1) 0.5% non-fibrosis, 0.6-2.6 score (F2-F3) 6% fibrosis, cutoff value 2.6< (F4) 93.5 cirrhosis. In study liver fibrosis staging by APRI, AAR, FIB-4 and FibroQ score system, AAR was determined fibrosis in 190 cases. CONCLUSION: Recorded data ALT, AST, INR in cases of cirrhosis were detected 104.55±500.22, 111.68±279.97, 2.19±10.45, respectively. And in cases of chronic hepatitis platelet count mean value was 211.18±6.42. APRI, AAR, FIB-4, FibroQ was determined fibrosis 27.5%,30.16%,15.71% and 6.03%, respectively.

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2020, brain and central nervous system (CNS) cancers account for 2% of all newly diagnosed cancers in the world and 1.5% in Mongolia. Approximately 85-90% of all brain and other CNS tumors were diagnosed primary brain tumor. In 2019, the average 5 year survival probability was 50% for other cancers and 11% for the primary brain tumors. There were 28 patients with primary brain tumor and 33 relatively healthy individuals in our study. Goal: To study the diagnostic value of serum aquaporin-4 and glial fibrous acidic protein in the diagnosis of primary brain cancer Material and Methods: The Department of Neurosurgery at Third central hospital included 28 patients with primary brain cancer and 33 relatively healthy people. The study was conducted under the permission of the Medical Ethics Review Committee of the Ministry of Health on June 19, 2019 №119. Serum aquaporin-4 and glial fibrous acidic protein content was determined by the ELISA kits method using the human aquaporin-4 and glial fibrous acid protein test kit of the Chinese company “Sanlong”. The level is assumed to be true if the p value is less than 0.05. Results Mean age of the all participants was 42.9±16.5, 64% female and 36% male. Serum aquaporin-4 protein levels were 175.71±13.3 pg/ml and serum glial fibrilliary acidic protein levels were 2.682±0.218 ng/ml in patient with primary brain tumor. Serum aquaporin-4 protein and glial fibrilliary acidic protein levels were statistically significant high (p<0.001) in patient with primary brain tumor. Serum aquaporin-4 protein and glial fibrilliary acidic protein level differences were statistically significant (p<0.05) in benign and malignant tumor. There was no statistically significant correlation between serum aquaporin-4 and glial fibrillary acidic protein level and primary brain tumor grade.

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye condition, that occurs people aged above 50, leads to gradual loss of the vision because of a damage in the macula, which is located in the center of the retina. Several polymorphisms in different genes have been proposed as factors that increase the disease susceptibility. Therefore, we investigated the association between rs833061 polymorphism of VEGF-A gene and rs10490924 polymorphism of ARMS2 gene and AMD in order to analyze with other similar studies by meta analysis. Purpose: To investigate the polymorphisms of VEGF-A gene and ARMS2 gene on AMD susceptibility Methods: is case-control study was conducted on 74 AMD patients and 32 unaffected age-and gender-matched control individuals. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral venous blood. The single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method and results confirmed by gel electrophoresis. The REVIEW MANAGER 5.2 software and MetaXL was used for meta-analysis Results: We did not find statistically significant differences in С allele and СС genotype frequency of rs833061 polymorphism of VEGF-A gene between patients and controls. However, analysis of rs10490924 polymorphism of ARMS2 gene shows that T allele (OR=2.72, 95% CI, 1.47 – 5.02, p=0.001), TT genotype (OR=4.54, 95% CI, 1.49 – 13.87,p=0.019) were significantly associated with AMD risk. Haplotype analysis of these SNPs showed that C+T haplotype was statistically significantly different (OR=5.23, 95% CI, 1.76-15.54, p=0.002) between patients and controls. Conclusion As shown by results, rs10490924 polymorphism of ARMS2 gene show that T allele, TT genotype and C+T haplotype were significantly associated with AMD risk In meta-analysis, T allele of rs10490924 polymorphism of ARMS2 gene was significantly associated with AMD risk in all ethnicity that include Asian and Caucasian. However, T allele prevalence was higher in Asians.