Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To date, the disease has spread globally and caused 4 million deaths worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 spreads rapidly, leading to significant impacts on healthcare systems, social disruption and economic loss. To date, real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction remains the gold standard for diagnosis. However, it is costly and time consuming which result in delayed treatment and isolation of infected individuals. Hence, reliable and rapid diagnostic method is required for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2. There have been a number of COVID-19 rapid diagnostic tests developed and evaluated widely for COVID-19 diagnosis, but a number of concerns related to these products have arisen. In this review, we provide an update on the available COVID-19 rapid diagnostic tests and discuss the feasibility and acceptability of these rapid tests for COVID-19 diagnosis. Continuous global improvement in diagnostic test is crucial for rapid detection of the infection to optimize patient management and prevent the spread of disease.
Rapid Diagnostic Test

Aims: Tryptamine is an amine compound derived from tryptophan by decarboxylation process. This compound can be found in fermented food and beverages, and in human gut and skin as well. This study aims to investigate the effect of tryptamine, on Gram-negative bacteria, namely Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methodology and results: In this study, we used E. coli, S. marcescens and P. aeruginosa due to their relatively observable quorum sensing-regulated phenotype, such as motility, prodigiosin and pyocyanin sequentially. Our results showed that tryptamine started to inhibit the growth and prodigiosin production of S. marcescens at concentration 250 μg/mL, while it inhibits the growth and pyocyanin production of P. aeruginosa at concentration 250 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL, respectively. Tryptamine inhibits both the growth and motility of E. coli at concentration 100 μg/mL. Conclusion, significance and impact of study These results suggest that tryptamine is able to inhibit the growth of E. coli, S. marcescens and P. aeruginosa at relatively high concentration, thus decreases the quorum sensing-regulated phenotypes. It implies that the growth and quorum sensing of Gram-negative bacteria most likely will not be affected by the low concentration of tryptamine that present in the gut.
Tryptamines ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Serratia marcescens ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Escherichia coli