PURPOSE: To report the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) formulas according to axial length, anterior chamber depth, and mean corneal curvature when performing biometry with an immersion type A-scan with mannual keratomery and an IOL Master®. METHODS: Retrospective medical chart reviews were carried out for 82 eyes of 65 patients who underwent cataract surgery performed by a single surgeon. Biometry was performed using IOL Master®, mannual keratometry, and immersion type A-scan ultrasound in sequence. Prediction diopter was obtained using Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff/Theoretical (SRK-T) and Holladay 1 formulas calculated with the biometric value measured by mannual keratomery and A-scan, and using SRK-T and, Holladay 2 formulas with IOL Master®. The final refractive outcome was determined as manifested refraction at least 7 weeks after the surgery, and it was compared with the preoperative prediction dipoter (D) of the IOL formulas. RESULTS: Mean axial length and mean keratomtric measurements as determined by A-scan with mannual keratomery showed significant statistical differences from those of IOL Master®. However, there was no difference in postoperative mean absolute error between biometric measurements, or among formulas according to axial length, anterior chamber depth, or mean corneal curvature. However, the percentage of actual refraction within ±0.50 D of the intended refraction was dirrerent among the four formalas according to axial length, anterior chamber dept, mean corneal curvature. CONCLUSIONS: Biometry measurement using the immersion-type A-scan with mannual keratomery is as accurate as that using IOL Master® for predicting the postoperative refractive state of cataract surgery. However, it is suggested that the best IOL formula be chosen according to axial length, anterior chamber depth, and mean corneal curvature.
Anterior Chamber ; Biometry ; Cataract ; Humans ; Immersion ; Interferometry* ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography*

OBJECTIVE: Polypharmacy is one of the main causes of inappropriate medication use, adverse drug-related events and cost. It aimed to investigate the status of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM), the factors affecting polypharmacy and cost in elderly outpatients. METHOD: A pharmacy claim data were retrospectively analyzed with elderly patients prescriptions at a pharmacy located near a top tier general hospital. The numbers of medications per person, prevalence of polypharmacy and PIM according to the 2012 Beers criteria and Korea PIM list, medication cost and the factors affecting polypharmacy were investigated. RESULTS: Forty-six percentages of the elderly outpatients received polypharmacy and over 21% of them had medications listed in Beers or Korean PIM. In multiregressional analysis, we found that age, gender and insurance types were affective factors of polypharmacy. (p < 0.001, 0.047, 0.009, respectively). The cost of polypharmacy with PIM in elderly outpatients was increased with age. Various approaches of interventions would be further required.
Aged* ; Beer ; Hospitals, General* ; Humans ; Insurance ; Korea ; Outpatients ; Pharmacies* ; Pharmacy ; Polypharmacy* ; Prescriptions ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors*

Angiosarcoma is a rare yet aggressive tumor that originates from endothelial cells lining the blood or lymphatic vessels. Angiosarcoma is commonly associated with radiotherapy, often developing as a secondary cancer following irradiation. In this report, we present a case of a 66-year-old woman who underwent a lumpectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy for left breast cancer 9 years ago. She was referred to our clinic due to erythematous nodules and papules on the left breast that developed 10 months prior. A cutaneous biopsy revealed irregular, anastomosing vessels lined by crowded swollen endothelial cells, exhibiting nuclear atypia. The immunohistochemical stains for alpha-smooth muscle actin and CD31 were positive, while the ki-67 index was elevated. However, the stain was negative for human herpesvirus 8. Clinical and histopathological features were consistent with angiosarcoma associated with adjuvant radiotherapy. The patient underwent a left total mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy. However, 18 months later, multiple bone metastases were noted on positron emission tomography-computed tomography, and the patient received palliative radiotherapy and supportive care.

Angiosarcoma is a rare yet aggressive tumor that originates from endothelial cells lining the blood or lymphatic vessels. Angiosarcoma is commonly associated with radiotherapy, often developing as a secondary cancer following irradiation. In this report, we present a case of a 66-year-old woman who underwent a lumpectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy for left breast cancer 9 years ago. She was referred to our clinic due to erythematous nodules and papules on the left breast that developed 10 months prior. A cutaneous biopsy revealed irregular, anastomosing vessels lined by crowded swollen endothelial cells, exhibiting nuclear atypia. The immunohistochemical stains for alpha-smooth muscle actin and CD31 were positive, while the ki-67 index was elevated. However, the stain was negative for human herpesvirus 8. Clinical and histopathological features were consistent with angiosarcoma associated with adjuvant radiotherapy. The patient underwent a left total mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy. However, 18 months later, multiple bone metastases were noted on positron emission tomography-computed tomography, and the patient received palliative radiotherapy and supportive care.

Angiosarcoma is a rare yet aggressive tumor that originates from endothelial cells lining the blood or lymphatic vessels. Angiosarcoma is commonly associated with radiotherapy, often developing as a secondary cancer following irradiation. In this report, we present a case of a 66-year-old woman who underwent a lumpectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy for left breast cancer 9 years ago. She was referred to our clinic due to erythematous nodules and papules on the left breast that developed 10 months prior. A cutaneous biopsy revealed irregular, anastomosing vessels lined by crowded swollen endothelial cells, exhibiting nuclear atypia. The immunohistochemical stains for alpha-smooth muscle actin and CD31 were positive, while the ki-67 index was elevated. However, the stain was negative for human herpesvirus 8. Clinical and histopathological features were consistent with angiosarcoma associated with adjuvant radiotherapy. The patient underwent a left total mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy. However, 18 months later, multiple bone metastases were noted on positron emission tomography-computed tomography, and the patient received palliative radiotherapy and supportive care.

Angiosarcoma is a rare yet aggressive tumor that originates from endothelial cells lining the blood or lymphatic vessels. Angiosarcoma is commonly associated with radiotherapy, often developing as a secondary cancer following irradiation. In this report, we present a case of a 66-year-old woman who underwent a lumpectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy for left breast cancer 9 years ago. She was referred to our clinic due to erythematous nodules and papules on the left breast that developed 10 months prior. A cutaneous biopsy revealed irregular, anastomosing vessels lined by crowded swollen endothelial cells, exhibiting nuclear atypia. The immunohistochemical stains for alpha-smooth muscle actin and CD31 were positive, while the ki-67 index was elevated. However, the stain was negative for human herpesvirus 8. Clinical and histopathological features were consistent with angiosarcoma associated with adjuvant radiotherapy. The patient underwent a left total mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy. However, 18 months later, multiple bone metastases were noted on positron emission tomography-computed tomography, and the patient received palliative radiotherapy and supportive care.

PURPOSE: The biggest problem of wound healing is a possible occurrence of lesion. Especially, in the case of patients who have a skin injury around exposed body parts, if their treatment period drag on for long time, they can suffer from after-effects and the costs can be passed on to a society. Therefore, in this research, we investigated the need to develop the effective medicine and appliances for the patients by examining which therapy methods are being applying to the skin damage and what is the advantage and limit by evaluating the patient's satisfaction level. METHODS: We carried out an online and offline survey targeting medical teams in order to analyze device for wound care. A total of 125 medical teams applied to the research, and investigate the level of customer satisfaction. RESULTS: The moist dressings are the most used method for wound healing. When it comes to the level of customer satisfaction, biological dressing product also has a high satisfaction level. However its high cost tends to limit the use. CONCLUSION: This research reached a conclusion that it is need to develop a low cost and high efficiency wound care product considering the fact that its high cost and low efficiency induced economic problems. Generally, it is needed to develop a product for skin regeneration based on biological technologies, not a product just for damage cure.
Bandages ; Biological Dressings ; Human Body ; Humans ; Methods ; Regeneration ; Skin ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries*

We evaluated the clinicopathological features and prognosis of 29 cases of prostate ductal carcinoma was considered to be an aggressive subtype of prostate acinar carcinoma. We selected 29 cases who were diagnosed prostate ductal carcinoma and had a radical prostatectomy (RP). The acinar group (n = 116) was selected among 3,980 patients who underwent a prostatectomy. The acinar group was matched to the ductal group for prostate specific antigen (PSA), clinical stage, Gleason score, and age. The mean (range) of the follow-up periods for the ductal and acinar group was 23.8 +/- 20.6 and 58 +/- 10.5 months, respectively. The mean age of the prostate ductal and acinar carcinoma patients was 67.3 and 67.0 yr and the mean PSA level was 14.7 and 16.2 ng/mL, respectively. No statistical differences were evident between groups in terms of the final pathologic stage or positive resection margin rate other than the postoperative Gleason score. A greater proportion of the ductal group demonstrated a postoperative Gleason score > or = 8 in comparison with the acinar group (P = 0.024). Additionally, we observed significant prognostic difference in our patient series in biochemical recurrence. The ductal group showed a poorer prognosis than the acinar group (P = 0.016). There were no differences significantly in terms of final pathology and rate of positive resection margin, but a greater proportion of the ductal group demonstrated a Gleason score > or = 8 than the acinar group after matching for PSA, Gleason score in biopsy and clinical stage. The ductal group also showed a poorer prognosis.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Acinar Cell/*pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal/*pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*pathology ; SEER Program

PURPOSE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (M-MSCs) on ketamine-induced cystitis (KC) in rats. METHODS: To induce KC, 10-week-old female rats were injected with 25-mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride twice weekly for 12 weeks. In the sham group, phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was injected instead of ketamine. One week after the final injection of ketamine, the indicated doses (0.25, 0.5, and 1×106 cells) of M-MSCs (KC+M-MSC group) or PBS vehicle (KC group) were directly injected into the bladder wall. One week after M-MSC injection, the therapeutic outcomes were evaluated via cystometry, histological analyses, and measurement of gene expression. Next, we compared the efficacy of M-MSCs at a low dose (1×105 cells) to that of an identical dose of adult bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs. RESULTS: Rats in the KC group exhibited increased voiding frequency and reduced bladder capacity compared to rats of the sham group. However, these parameters recovered after transplantation of M-MSCs at all doses tested. KC bladders exhibited markedly increased mast cell infiltration, apoptosis, and tissue fibrosis. Administration of M-MSCs significantly reversed these characteristic histological alterations. Gene expression analyses indicated that several genes associated with tissue fibrosis were markedly upregulated in KC bladders. However the expression of these genes was significantly suppressed by the administration of M-MSCs. Importantly, M-MSCs ameliorated bladder deterioration in KC rats after injection of a low dose (1×105) of cells, at which point BM-derived MSCs did not substantially improve bladder function. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates for the first time the therapeutic efficacy of hESC-derived M-MSCs on KC in rats. M-MSCs restored bladder function more effectively than did BM-derived MSCs, protecting against abnormal changes including mast cell infiltration, apoptosis and fibrotic damage.
Adult ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Bone Marrow ; Cystitis ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Gene Expression ; Human Embryonic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Ketamine ; Mast Cells ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Multipotent Stem Cells ; Pelvic Pain ; Rats ; Urinary Bladder