We present a rare case of an acute epidural hematoma (EDH) in a neonate. The EDH was caused by a fall during natural vaginal delivery. The clinical findings were normal after fall and the first ultrasonographic study did not show any hematomas. A computed tomography scan on the second day after delivery showed an EDH with 20 mm thickness extending through a skull fracture into subgaleal space. We performed a craniotomy and removed the EDH and subgaleal hematoma. After the surgery we performed follow-up twice ultrasonographic study for seeking probable hematoma recurrence. The patient was discharged after postoperative 3 days without any neurological deficits.

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are among the most important clinical and research areas in neurosurgery, owing to their devastating effects and high prevalence. Over the last few decades, there has been increasing research on the complex pathophysiology of TBI and secondary injuries following TBI. A growing body of evidence has shown that the reninangiotensin system (RAS), a well-known cardiovascular regulatory pathway, plays a role in TBI pathophysiology. Acknowledging these complex and poorly understood pathways and their role in TBI could help design new clinical trials involving drugs that alter the RAS network, most notably angiotensin receptor blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.This study aimed to briefly review the molecular, animal, and human studies on these drugs in TBI and provide a clear vision for researchers to fill knowledge gaps in the future.