We conducted a study to compare the effects of Healon(R) and BioLon(R), which are sodium hyaluronates made by different raw materials, on rabbit eyeballs after intracameral and intravitreal injections. In the intracameral-injection group, aqueous humor was replaced with 0.2 ml of Healon(R) or BioLon(R), and in the intravitreal-injection group. 0.4 ml of Healon(R) or BioLon(R) was injected after the removal of the same amount of vitreous. Slitlamp and indirect ophthalmoscopic examination, measurement of IOP, and measurement of corneal thickness were performed preoperatively and at 2hours, 24 hours, 3 days, and 7 days postoperatively. Histopathologic examinaion was done at 7 days postoperatively. No group had significant differences in all tests(p>0.05) and the findings were normalized within 7 days. These results indicated that there were no significant differences between the Healon(R) and BioLon(R) groups in the effects on rabbit eyeballs after intracameral and intravitreal injections.
Aqueous Humor ; Intravitreal Injections* ; Sodium

PURPOSE: Although the process by which intravitreal perfluorocarbon gas is absorbed is incompletely understood, it is known that considerable absorption of intravitreal perfluorocarbon gas occurs through the aqueous humor. The aim of the study was to evaluate experimentally the effect of topical aqueous humor suppressants on the intravitreal perfluorocarbon gas bubble duration. METHODS: After sulfur hexafluoride and perfluoropropane were injected intravitreally in ten rabbits, we measured the time of gas bubble disappearance in eyes treated with topical aqueous humor suppressants and in those not treated. RESULTS: The mean time(+/-SD) to disappearance of 0.4 cc of sulfur hexafluoride was 6.0+/-0.71 days, which was prolonged to 8.0+/-0.71 days with topical aqueous humor suppressants. The mean time(+/-SD) to disappearance of 0.2 cc perfluoropropane was 14.8+/-0.84 days, while it was prolonged to 22.0+/-1.58 days with topical aqueous humor suppressants. CONCLUSIONS: Sulfur hexafluoride and perfluoropropane intravitreal gas bubbles last longer in rabbit eyes treated with aqueous humor suppressants than in fellow control eyes.
Absorption ; Aqueous Humor* ; Rabbits* ; Sulfur Hexafluoride

To evaluate the effects of mitomycin C(MMC) on the fibrous capsule of the anterior chamber tube shunt to a surgical membrane(ACTSSM) surgery, 0.04% MMC solution was applied on the episclera for 5 minutes before ACTSSM surgery(group A, 9 rabbits). At postoperative 2, 4 and 8 weeks, 6 eyes of the 3 rabbits from each group were enucleated and light microscopic examinations of the fibrous capsules were done. In group A, fibrous capsules had many microcystic spaces and fibrous tissues between twofold surgical membranes were scanty. But in control group(group B, 9 rabbits), fibrous capsules showed higher density of fibroblast and less microcystic spaces than group A, suggesting low permeability of the fibrous capsule to aqueous humor. These results suggest that MMC may increase the success rate of the ACTSSM surgery.
Anterior Chamber* ; Aqueous Humor ; Capsules ; Fibroblasts ; Membranes* ; Mitomycin* ; Permeability ; Rabbits*

PURPOSE: To investigate the visual prognosis, the interval, and the rate of development of after-cataract following cataract surgery in atopic dermatitis. METHODS: Twenty eyes of 13 patients diagnosed as cataract associated with atopic dermatitis were operated between January, 1994 and January, 2000. Visual acuity, postoperative inflammatory reaction, the interval, and the rate of development of after-cataract were investigated and compared with the cataract cases without atopic dermatitis. RESULTS: The average preoperative best corrected visual acuity of 20 eyes was 0.23+/-0.22. The average postoperative best corrected visual acuity at 1, 2, 7, and 12 months after surgery were 0.78+/-0.23, 0.83+/-0.16, 0.78+/-0.23, 0.83+/-0.26, respectively. These values showed no significant difference compared to the postoperative visual acuity of the cataract cases without atopic dermatitis. Aqueous flares measured with laser flare meter were 15.09+/-9.20, 11.15+/-4.68, and 7.38+/-0.75 photon counts/millisecond at 10 days, 1, and 2 months after surgery, which did not seem to influence the final visual acuity and the development of after-cataract (p>0.05). Among the 20 eyes, 66.67% finally developed after-cataract and the average time interval of the development of after-cataract was 11.25+/-4.22 months. CONCLUSIONS: Visual prognosis following cataract surgery in atopic dermatitis is good, while after-cataract seems to develop more frequently and earlier compared to the cases without atopic dermatitis.
Aqueous Humor ; Cataract* ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Humans ; Prognosis* ; Visual Acuity

It is difficult to analyze the chemical compositions of aqueous humor because of the impossibility of collection of aqueous humor in normal situation, lack of analyzing technique, limited amount of aqueous humor. We measured the glucose concentration of aqueous humor both in cataractous patients with diabetes mellitus and in cataractous patients without diabetes mellitus, thus we compared and analyzed glucose concentration in aqueous humor and correlation between blood glucose con centration and aqueous humor glucose concentration in cataractous patients with diabetes. The mean concentration of glucose in aqueous houmor in diabetics was 92.81 +/- 35.58mg/dl and that of non-diabetics was 53.62 +/- 34.42mg/dl. Aqueous glucose concentration in diabetics was statistically significantly higher than that in non-diabetics.
Aqueous Humor* ; Blood Glucose ; Cataract* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Glucose* ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: In order to study the mechanism of the aqueous humor circulation and its relationship to the glaucoma macroscopically with engineering methods. METHODS: A dynamistic model was presented, which can be used to simulate the situation and the treatment of the primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). The frame of the model was built based on the ophthalmically accepted feedback mechanism between the aqueous humor circulation and the intraocular pressure (IOP). The transfer functions and the parameters were educed from the analysis of physiological theories, the basic elements of hydrodynamics, and the clinical parameters. The relation between the parameters of the system and the episode mechanism of POAG was discussed. A digital method was used to simulate the Challenge test and some medicines' treatment of POAG, and the results were consistent with clinical observations. RESULTS: The results of simulation illuminate that the model can simulate the mechanism of the aqueous humor circulation and the curative mechanism of some medicines under the physiological condition and the pathological condition of the POAG. CONCLUSION: A few parameters which can hardly be captured with clinical method could be obtained from the model. These parameters can be helpful for the diagnosis and prediction of the curative effect.
Aqueous Humor* ; Diagnosis ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle* ; Hydrodynamics ; Intraocular Pressure

The effects of topical sodium-hyaluronan (Na-HA)on the epithelial healing and aqueous compositions were examined in the repair process of experimen-tal corneal alkali wounds.Corneal alkali wounds were produced in one eye of each rabbit by applying a 5.5 mmround filter paper soaked in 1N NaOH onto the central cornea for 60 seconds.Then the eyes were treated topically with either 1%Na-HA (the treatment group)or a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (the control group)4 times per day.The epithelial healing was assessed using a quantitative method and the changes of the concentration of ascorbic acid and glucose in aqueous were evaluated.The initial epithelial healing rate was similar between 1%Na-HA treated and control groups and the later healing was enhanced in the treated group but statistically insignificant.The concentrations of ascorbic acid and glucose in aqueous humor are not statistically different in the early phase, but ascorbic acid concentration in later healing phase was higher in the treated group when compared with the control group.The present findings in dicate that topical-ly applied 1%Na-HA affects late epithelial healing and ascorbic acid concentration in aqueous humor during the repair process after corneal alkali wounds.
Alkalies* ; Aqueous Humor ; Ascorbic Acid ; Cornea ; Epithelium ; Glucose ; Wounds and Injuries*

The Beta-adrenergic blocker(timolol maleate) decreases intraocular pressure by reducing the production of aqueous humor. Twenty patients scheduled to undergo cataract extraction were induced in study. After timolol maleate administration, we found the increase in the total protein concentration. By double-masked controlled study, 0.5% timolol maleate solution and normal saline were applied topically, and aqueous humor was aspirated during surgery. Total protein concentrations were determined by HPGFC. The total protein concentration as well as the concentration of high, medium and low molecular weight protein were elevated in the timololadministrated group. The relation of the levels of the three different molecular weight classes did not differ significantly between the timolol maleate group and the normal group.
Aqueous Humor* ; Cataract Extraction ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Molecular Weight ; Timolol*

The effect of 0.25% and 0.5% Timolol on intraocular pressure and concentration in aqueous humor was studied after topical instillation in the white rabbit. The intraocular pressure was measured with pneuma tonometer and the Timolol concentration in aqueous humor was measured with High Preformance Liquid Chromatograph after fine needle aspiration of aqueous humor at various time intervals. The results were as follows; 1. The percentage reduction of intraocular pressure increased with time and reached a peak after 3 hours. 2. The concentration of Timolol in aqueous humor increased with time and reached a peak after 3 hours. 3. There was close correlation between intraocular pressure and Timolol concentration in aqueous humor.
Aqueous Humor* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Timolol*

Cyclodialysis and ciliochoroidal detachment was performed in one eye of three rabbits and in one eye of another three rabbits respectively. 0.1 ml of 10% sodium fluorescein was injected intracamerally after aspiration of aqueous humor and the eyeball was enucleated between 30 minutes and one hour after sodium fluorescein injection and prepared for fluorescence microscopy. Sodium fluorescein concentration in supraciliary space was much greater in group with cyclodialysis or ciliochoroidal detachment than in normal control group. These results suggest that in the eye with cyclodialysis, aqueous humor may gain access freely to supraciliary space through the cleft between anterior chamber and supraciliary space and then is removed rapidly and in the eye with ciliochoroidal detachment, aqueous humor may pass through uveoscleral outflow pathway.
Anterior Chamber ; Aqueous Humor* ; Fluorescein ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Rabbits