[Objective]To observe the changes of contact characteristics of the subtalar joint after calcaneus fracture in load condition, so as to provid a theoretical basis for its clinical treatment.[Method]Six fresh speciments consisting of foots and lower legs were harvested.A specimen,including an intact foot and 15~20cm of the distal tibia and fibula prepared by removing the skin,muscle and tendons down to the level of the hindfoot and the ligaments and joint capsules were kept intact with the exception of the posterior aspect of the posterior facet and the lateralaspect of middle and anterior facets of the talocalcaneal joint.The pressure sensitive film was inserted into the posterior and anterior-middle facets of the talocalcaneal articulation,and 500-N load was applied in the neutral position.After testing of the intact foot,the calcaneus was splited into anterointernal and posterolateral compoments using microoscillating saw to simulate primary fracture of calcaneus.The test was repeated after tile posterolateral fragment was anatomically reduced and displaced 2mm,5mm and 10mm respectively in a planter direction.The changes of contact characteristics of the subtalar joint ware recorded.[Result]The average pressure area of the intact posterior facet was(275.67?46.02) mm~2,the average stress to bear the weight was(1.83?0.56) MPa.The bearing average pressure area decreased to(167.67?25.09) mm~2 when the posterolateral compoment was displaced to plantar in 2 mm,it was significantly lower(P0.05).The bearing stress the anterior and middle facets significant increased only in a 1 10mm plantar displacement of the posterolateral component(P

Objective To assess the efficacy of using the Ilizarov bone transport combined with open bone grafting and vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) to treat infected tibial bone defect.Methods A retrospective case series study was made on 8 patients sustaining posttraumatic infectious tibial bone defect treated between March 2010 and May 2015.There were 7 male and 1 female patients between 22 and 51 years (mean,39.4 years).All patients underwent radical resection of the infected/necrotic bone and debridement of the soft tissue.Length of bone defects after debridement averaged 8 cm (range,3.5-13.5 cm) and wound size averaged 4.8 cm ×2.5 cm (range,2.3 cm× 1.1 cm-8.5 cm ×6.0 cm).Stabilization was finished with Ilizarov circular external frame in all patients.Six patients were candidates for single-or double-level bone transport,and the cancellous bone autograft was placed openly within the butterfly defect after docking.Other 2 patients were treated with one-stage shortening of the fracture ends and open cancellous bone grafting,and the bone lengthening was performed.Then the grafted wounds were covered by VSD.Data were recorded including the bone transport or lengthening time,wound healing time,union time of docking sites,consolidation time of regenerate zones,external fixation time and external fixation index.Bone results and functional results were evaluated according to the criteria given by association for the study and application of the method of Ilizarov (ASAMI).Results Duration of follow-up was 10.2-36.4 months (mean,12.2 months).All the wounds achieved successful healing and eradication of infection.Mean bone transport time was 50 days (range,30-69 days).Seven patients showed selfhealing wounds,and mean healing time was 3.4 months (range,1.2-6 months).One patient experienced wound closure by skin grafting.Union and consolidation were achieved in all docking sites and regenerate zones.Mean union time of docking sites after bone grafting was 6.8 months (range,5.3-10 months).Mean consolidation time of regenerate zones was 6.2 months (range,4.8-8.5 months).Mean external fixation time was 8.6 months (range,6.5-11.5 months) with a mean external fixation index of 1.2 months/cm(range,0.7-1.9 months/cm).According to the criterion of ASAMI,bony results were excellent in 7 patients and poor in 1 patient,and functional results were excellent in 4 patients and good in 4 patients.Conclusion Ilizarov bone transport technique combined with open bone grafting and VSD for infectious tibial bone defect can accelerate bone union and wound healing at docking sites and reduce external fixation time.

Objective To evaluate the biomechanical effect of cortical screw support technique in fixation of the femoral neck fractures. Methods The models of subcapital femoral neck fracture were made in eight matched pairs of embamled cadaver femurs and decided into experiment group and control group (four pairs per group). The side of experiment group was fixed using three cannulated compression screws with cortical screw support and that of control group with conventional screw placement. The speci-mens in two groups were tested in aspects of torsion and axial loading. Results In axial load test at load of 600 N and 800 N, the displacements in cortical screw support group were (0.677±0.135) mm and (0.907±0.132) mm respectively, while those of femoral head in conventional screw placement group were (0.899±0.160) mm and (1.202±0.152) nun respectively (P <0.05). There was signifi-cant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The maximal vertical loading for failure of the fixa-tion was (2 782±228) N in cortical screw support group and (1 950±281) N in conventional screw placement group (P < 0.01). In torsibility test at 4° and 6° torsibility, the torque-moments of cortical screw support group were (10.406±1.515) Nm and (15.328 ±1.471) Nm respectively and those of conventional screw placement group (6.628±1.163) Nm and (9.072±1.570) Nm respectively, with statistical difference between two groups (P <0.01). The maximal torque-moment for failure of the fixa-tion was (25.437±5.213) Nm in cortical screw support group and (13.235±3.012) Nm in conven-tional screw placement group (P < 0.01). Conclusion Fixation of femoral neck fractures by using cortical screw support can significantly enhance anti-torsion and anti-compression of internal fixation.

Objective To observe the curative effect of internal compression in the treatment of intra-articular fracture of the calcaneus by anatomical plate with compression bolt through the sinus tarsi approach.Methods Forty-nine patients with 62 calcaneal fractures treated with anatomical plate with compression bolt through sinus tarsi approach from September 2006 to May 2009 were enrolled in the study.According to Sanders classification,there were 39 patients with type Ⅱ fractures,20 with type Ⅲ fractures and three with type Ⅳ fractures.The axial and lateral view X-ray radiographs and the axial,semi-coronal and sagittal computed tomography (CT) images of the heel were taken before and after operation.The reduction of posterior articular surface of calcaneus and calcaneal shape was observed and the width,height,length,B(o)hler' s angle and Gissan' s angle were measured on the radiographs,respectively.Partial weight bearing was allowed 12 weeks after operation and full weight beating was allowed 16 weeks after operation.The anatomical plates were removed 8-15 months after operation.The Maryland hindfoot score system was applied to evaluate the function of the hindfoot postoperatively.Results All the patients were followed up for 7.5-23 months (average 10.6 months),which showed no wound infection.The reduction of the posterior facet was nearly anatomical (less than 3 mm articular displacement) in all patients and the shape of the calcaneus was satisfactory.The width,height,length,B(o)hler' s angle and Gissan' s angle were improved significantly in all patients (P ＜0.01 ).According to Maryland hindfoot scoring system,29 feet scored 90-100 points (excellent),18 feet scored 80-90 points (good),10 feet scored 70-80 points (moderate) and 5 feet scored 60-70 points (poor).A total of 40 patients (82％) were able to return to their original occupations at mean 9.1 months ( 6.0-12.9 months ) after the injury.Conclusion The anatomical plate with compression bolt internal fixation through sinus tarsi approach is an ideal method for the treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneus fracture.

Objective:To find the reasons for the low dissolution of clarithromycin tablets and study the interference from filter film adsorption at various time points to explore the appropriate processing approach for dissolution solution of clarithromycin tablets. Meth-ods:Clarithromycin tablets from two different manufacturers were used. The dissolution solution was prepared according to Japanese Orange Book. The dissolution was determined after different processing and the adsorption rate of the filter film was calculated. Re-sults:Totally 14 kinds of filter films were tested with different adsorption for clarithromycin, and the adsorption rate of some kinds of filter films exceeded the prescribed limit. Conclusion:The absorption rate of filter films for clarithromycin can be decreased by boiling the films and using American membranes. The interference from filter film adsorption can be reduced and inhibited by rejecting the first filtrate above 5ml or centrifuging dissolution solution.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of semi-open cancellous bone grafting for infected bone defect combined with soft tissue defect of lower limb.Methods A retrospective case control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 26 patients with infected bone defect combined with soft tissue defect of lower limb admitted to the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from March 2010 to August 2017.There were 16 males and 10 females,aged 16-65 years [(39.6 ± 12.8)years].The bone defect area before bone grafting was 1.4-6.0 cm [(3.3 ± 1.2) cm].The surface soft tissue defect of bone graft granules was 2.3 cm × 1.1 cm-8.5 cm × 5.0 cm after bone grafting.If the defect was segmental defect of more than 6 cm,the defect was firstly reduced by bone transport.When the defect was near the docking point,the bone defect was repaired by open bone grafting.If the defect was located at the metaphyseal end of the calcaneus or tibia,stage Ⅰ or stage Ⅱ open bone grafting was performed after debridement.After bone grafting,antibiotic-containing cement sheets were used to cover the wound in 14 patients (semi-open group),and vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) devices were used to cover the wound in 12 patients (VSD group).The time of granulation tissue covering bone graft granules,wound healing time,bone defect healing time,material cost and complications (wound infection and necrosis of bone graft granules) were compared between the two groups.The limb function was evaluated according to Paley score.Results All patients were followed up for 12-40 months [(19.3 ±7.2) months].In the semi-open group and VSD group,the time of granulation tissue coverage was 22.2 days (15.0-44.0) days and 20.2 days (15.0-44.0) days (P ＞ 0.05);wound healing time was 3.1 months (1.5-5.5) months and 3.1 months (1.5-6.5) months (P ＞ 0.05);bone defect healing time was (5.5 ± 2.2) months and (5.9 ± 2.4) months (P ＞ 0.05);the cost of covering wound materials was (2 056.1 ± 23.4) yuan and (5 555.3 ± 1 105.5) yuan respectively (P ＜ 0.05).No wound infection occurred in either group.Two patients in the semi-open group and one patient in the VSD group had bone graft granules surface necrosis (P ＞0.05).According to Paley's functional score,the results were excellent in 12 patients and good in two in the semiopen group,compared with excellent in 11 and good in one in the VSD group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion For infected bone defect combined with soft tissue defect of lower limb,semi-open bone grafting can simplify the nursing of wound,prevent wound infection,promote wound healing and fracture healing.It has similar therapeutic effect with VSD,but its treatment cost is significantly reduced.

Objective To assess the efficacy of using reaming and antibiotic cement beads/rod for intramedullary nail associated infection.Methods Data of 12 patients with intramedullary infection of tibia or femur following intramedullary nailing from October 2014 to April 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 10 men and 2 women aged from 19 to 63 years old with an average age of 39.2 years.In 5 cases the disease was localized in the femur with one case of nonunion,and in other 7 cases the disease was localizedin the tibia with two cases of nonunion.The initial injury included closed fracture in 8 patients and open fracture in 4 patients which were all Gustilo-Anderson Ⅱ.According to the Cierny-Mader classification of adult osteomyelitis,6 cases were type Ⅰ (medullary osteomyelitis),4 cases were type Ⅰ combined with type Ⅲ (medullary.and localized osteomyelitis),and 2 cases were type Ⅰ combined with type Ⅳ (medullary and diffuse osteomyelitis).Surgical technique included removal of the intramedullary nailand reaming and irrigation of the medullary canal to remove intramedullary debris.The drainage sinus and soft tissues abscess were excised if existed.An local or enbloc resection for the infected or necrotic bone was performed if there was local or diffuse infection in the fracture sites.Ilizarov technique was performed for segment bone defect.The bone union was observed in nine patients and stable nonunion in one.Antibiotic PMMA beads were inserted into intramedullary canal for these ten cases after debridement,and the antibiotic beads were removed approximately 12-14 days after implantation.The antibiotic cement rod was inserted into the medullary canal to provide stabilization in the other 2 cases.All the patients received intravenous antibiotics systemically for three weeks,and followed by three weeks of oral antibiotics.Results At a mean follow-up period of 23.5 months (range,15-33 months),no recurrence of infection was observed.There were 3 cases of nonunions.One case of tibial nonunion had been achieved union 10 months after insertion of an antibiotic cement rod.One with stable nonunion of tibia was treated with antibiotic PMMA beads,and enbloc resection for the infected bone was performed after the extension of infection had been narrowed at the nonunion.6 cm of bone defect was treated with bone transport and then union was obtained 16 months after operation.The third case was infected nonunion in the femur with 4 cm bone defect after debridement.The femur was shortened and temporarily stabilized with the intramedullary antibiotic cement rod.The rod was removed three months after the operation,and then the femur was lengthened.The docking site and the regeneration area were healed 12 months after the lengthening operation.Conclusion The clinical results shows that reaming and antibiotic cement beads/rod appears an effective and safe alternative for management of intramedullary nail associated infection of the tibia and femur.

Objective: To explore the possible types of patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy based on their experience with the symptom cluster of pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance. Methods: Totally 161 gastric cancer patients were investigated by the demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire, the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Quality of Life Questionnaires (QLICP-ST). Cluster analysis using SPSS 22.0 version was performed to categorize patients. Results: Four different types of patients were got through cluster analysis. Type Ⅰ patients showed all low symptoms (23 cases accounted for 14.3%), Type Ⅱ patients showed low pain and moderate fatigue (43 cases accounted for 26.7%), Type Ⅲ patients showed low pain and high fatigue (62 cases accounted for 38.5%), Type Ⅳ patients performed moderate-to-high on all symptoms (33 cases accounted for 20.5%). Their education status, chemotherapy cycle sand KPS score were the main factor influencing the classification of pain-fatigue-sleep disorder symptoms in patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy after operation (χ²=13.873, 26.442, F=3.193, P<0.05 or 0.01). Type Ⅳ tended to have higher education level, lower KPS score and later stage of chemotherapy. Furthermore, patients in moderate-to-high class had significantly lower quality of life score than all low class (F=10.552, P <0.01). Conclusion In this research, patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy were divided into 4 types based on their experience with the symptom cluster of pain, fatigue and sleep disturbance. It could provide basis for effectively screening and implementing measures for symptoms management.