No abstract available.
Aptitude Tests* ; Aptitude* ; MMPI*

The Hahn double 15 hue test is used for social and vacational aptitude test to separate strongly and mildly affected subjects among the colour vision defective persons, detected using colour vision test. However, the assessment of colour vision defect type and severity is based on the hue confusions which are represented diagrammatically on Hahn double 15 hue score sheet, this qualitative assessment of the test results have not provide a numerical score suitable for mathematical analysis. This paper presented a new proposal for quantitatively scoring the Hahn double 15 hue test based on those hue confusions made by the subject. With this program large numbers of double 15 hue test results can be processed easily and rapidly, and program helps to compare the severity of specific type colour vision defect and monitor acquired colour vision defect which has various disease process, continuously.
Aptitude Tests ; Humans ; Research Design* ; Vision Tests

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of driving-simulator based training for the persons with brain injury. METHOD: Twenty-seven brain injury patients and 19 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Driving simulator program was composed of an aptitude test (which have 4 items) and simulated road driving. The brain injury patients had 4 sessions of driving simulator training with assessment performed during the first and the last session. Healthy volunteers underwent only one driving simulator session for assessment. To evaluate subjective satisfaction in terms of training effect and the sense for the real, a survey was administered after the training. RESULTS: In brain injury patients, there were significant improvements in both aptitude test and simulated road driving test after training (p <0.01). There were no significant differences between the scores of patients taken at the last session and the scores of healthy volunteers, while the scores of patients taken at the first session were significantly lower than those of healthy volunteers. The patients group reported positively in terms of training effect (81.5%) and the sense for the real (62.9%). CONCLUSION: A driving-simulator based training was effective for brain injury patients to regain driving skill.
Aptitude Tests ; Brain ; Brain Injuries ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is any change in the empathy scores of third-year medical graduate students after they have taken a clerkship and have begun gaining more opportunities to meet patients through the clerkship. METHODS: The participants were 109 third-year students in 2014 and 110 fourth-year students in 2015 at Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine. The author measured empathy using a modified and expanded version of the Korean version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy of Physician Empathy-Student version and used the Holland-III aptitude test-S to assess vocational aptitude. RESULTS: As a results, male students in their third year exhibited higher scores, but there was no significant difference in the fourth year. The empathy score increased slightly when third-year students became fourth-year students, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant change in the scores of both male and female students between the 2 years. The results of the vocational aptitude test showed that students who preferred person-oriented specialties had higher empathy scores when they entered their fourth academic year compared to objectively-oriented students. CONCLUSION: In this study, male students showed higher empathy scores than female students, an atypical finding that was inconsistent with the results of previous studies. However, the distribution of scores among male students was wider than that of female students, a finding consistent with previous studies. As such, individual differences need to be considered when developing curriculum in order to improve the empathy of medical students.
Aptitude Tests ; Aptitude ; Curriculum ; Empathy ; Female ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Individuality ; Male ; Students, Medical

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify influence of emotional awareness, ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and emotional regulation style on nursing student adjustment. METHOD: One hundred and sixty nine nursing students completed the questionnaires from May to June, 2013. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with SAS v 9.3. RESULTS: Ambivalence over positive emotional expressiveness, motivation of application for nursing-aptitude, emotional awareness-mood labeling, avoidant/distractive style of emotion regulation, and parents-both alive were identified as factors influencing nursing student adjustment. The model explained 37% of variance in nursing student adjustment. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that programs for promoting mood labeling and reducing ambivalence over positive emotional expressiveness and avoidant/distractive style of emotion regulation are important for college adjustment in nursing students. In addition, aptitude test for nursing applicants can be considered.
Aptitude Tests ; Humans ; Motivation ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Social Adjustment ; Statistics as Topic ; Students, Nursing*

BACKGROUND: A rate of traffic accidents by elderly drivers increased by 70% between 2011 and 2015 in Korea. Elderly drivers with cognitive impairment are more susceptible to be involved traffic accidents than cognitively normal individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of driving-related cognition and cognitive impairment in drivers over the age of 60 using the standardized program developed by the Road Traffic Authority (RTA). METHODS: Current drivers older than 60 years were recruited for the study. All participants were tested using the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT)-copy, and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) for cognitive function assessments. The driving aptitude test (DAT) for the elderly developed by RTA consists of 4 different tasks including speed and distance driving tests (SD), visuospatial memory driving tests (VM), sustained attention driving tests (SA), and divided attention driving tests (DA). The participants were divided into two groups by their MMSE score (normal cognition, CN; cognitive impairment, CI). RESULTS: One hundred fourteen participants were enrolled in the study and 57 of them were assigned to the CI group. In comparison, drivers in CI showed worse scores at DSST, SD, VM, and DA than those in CN. DSST and DA were worsened with increasing age. DSST was the best predictive assessment to be the risk or caution grade in DAT. CONCLUSIONS: We could find a correlation between DAT and cognitive function in drivers over the age 60. These results could be used as the basis of investigating optimal tools for decreasing driving risks in the cognitive impaired elderly.
Accidents, Traffic ; Aged ; Aptitude Tests ; Cognition Disorders ; Cognition ; Humans ; Korea ; Memory

PURPOSE: This study examines driving behaviors among patients treated for chronic ophthalmologic disorders and the effects of visual acuity and visual field on driving performance. METHODS: A 15-item survey was given to 153 patients treated for chronic ophthalmologic disorders including diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, retinal vessel occlusions, and senile macular degeneration. Six items questioned the patient's discomfort based on a five-point scale according to different driving conditions and one item involved a self-assessment of driving problems. Results were compared with the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and visual fields of the patients. RESULTS: In total, 16.2% of first-class drivers and 24.1% of second-class drivers rated below the evaluation standards of the driving license aptitude test. Overall, 82.6% of the patients continued to drive, while 7.8% renounced driving due to decreased visual acuity. Patient discomfort was significantly correlated with visual acuity (r = -0.503, p < or = 0.01). Among the patients scoring below the evaluation standards, 74.2% responded that their visual acuity had become a problem while driving. CONCLUSIONS: These results call for appropriate driving programs and measures to educate people about responsive driving considering the visual function of patients treated for chronic ophthalmologic disorders.
Aptitude Tests ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Glaucoma ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Humans ; Licensure ; Macular Degeneration ; Retinal Vessels ; Self-Assessment ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields

Medical aptitude tests are usually for screening students in the field of medical science by testing the capability and aptitude to study medicine. There are various medical aptitude tests with powerful predicting validity such as the Medical College Admission Test(MCAT) in the U.S., the Graduate Australia Medical School Admission Test(GAMSAT) in Australia, and the Eignungsprufung fur Medizin Studium(EMS) in Switzerland. However, in Korea, there have been no medical aptitude test developed yet. This study is primarily to develop a medical aptitude test relevant to Korean circumstances, and secondly to suggest devise specific direction in applying the test at individual medical schools. We reviewed the existing medical aptitude test of other countries through literature, and examined the feasibility of those tests by consulting experts opinion. The Medical Education Eligibility Test(MEET) developed in this study consists of four areas including biological and physical science, verbal reasoning, space perception, and writing. The advisory committee will update the contents of the MEET every year. Executing the test will be administered either by a newly established Institute for Evaluating Medical Education(IEME), or by existing institutes like Korean National health personnel licensing examination board Korea or Korean Institute of Curriculum & Evaluation(KICE). A preliminary test should be necessary to examine the validity and reliability of the MEET developed from this study later on.
Academies and Institutes ; Advisory Committees ; Aptitude Tests* ; Aptitude* ; Australia ; Curriculum ; Education, Medical ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Korea* ; Licensure ; Mass Screening ; Natural Science Disciplines ; Reproducibility of Results ; Schools, Medical ; Space Perception ; Switzerland ; Writing

Despite a sharp decline in the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during the past several decades owing to better nutrition and iron-fortified foods, IDA continues to remain the most common disorder in the world. From about 4 months of age, iron stores are insufficient to maintain the rapidly expanding blood volume associated with normal growth. If there is no steady dietary supply, iron stores become depleted and IDA develops. It is known that iron deficiency (ID) may impair not only physical activity but also mental functions such as learning. Children with ID are found to have more psychomotor deficits and achieve lower scores in aptitude tests than those with normal iron status. Therefore, the detection and treatment, or preferably prevention of ID and IDA is imperative during late infancy, when increased vulnerability to ID coincides with the rapid growth and differentiation of the brain. The diagnosis of IDA is confirmed by the findings of a hemoglobin level <11 g/dL and low iron stores (serum ferritin level <12 microg/L, transferrin saturation <16%). Iron status should be evaluated in children who have risk factors for IDA such as low birth weight, premature baby, exclusive breastfeeding beyond 6 months of life, and weaning to whole milk and complementary foods without iron-fortified foods. With the management of underlying cause, oral iron therapy should be given to replenish iron stores. Parenteral therapy may be used in children who cannot tolerate or absorb oral preparations.
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Aptitude Tests ; Blood Volume ; Brain ; Breast Feeding ; Child ; Ferritins ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Iron ; Learning ; Milk ; Motor Activity ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Transferrin ; Weaning