BACKGROUND & PURPOSE: Ideomotor apraxia is a gestural deficit which is not due to primary sensory or motor deficit, poor auditory comprehension or incooperation. Previous studies on apraxia in AD patients include advanced AD patients who exhibited marked impairment in auditory comprehension, This might have confounded the results of the studies. The purpose of this study is to observe the frequencies and patterns of gestural errors in the early stage of AD. METHOD: Eighteen patients with AD (M : F = 4 : 14, age 62.6 + 7.2) and eighteen age- and sex- matched controls participated in this research. Patients who scored below 80 % of Western Aphasia Battery comprehension subtest and showed marked cognitive impairments were excluded (MMSE; 19.9 + 4.4, CDR 1.1+/- 0.5). Gestures. In response to commands were videotaped and analyzed by 2 neurologists and 1 speech-language pathologist. Test items included 3 types of movements ; 10 limb intrasitive, 15 transitive, and 10 buccofacial. RESULTS: Limb transitive movements were the most affected while buccofacial was the least. The error patterns most frequently observed were body-part-as-objects (BPO, 20%), external configuration orientation (ECO, 16%), and movement error(M, 9%). In comparision, BPO, ECO, M errors in normal control were 2%, 3%, and 4% respectively. In addition, apraxia item, which are to detecting AD were identified. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that the apraxia is commonly associated with AD even in the early stage of the disease and an accurate anaIysis of errors may contribute to establishing an early diagnosis of AD.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Aphasia ; Apraxia, Ideomotor* ; Apraxias ; Comprehension ; Early Diagnosis ; Extremities ; Gestures ; Humans

No abstract available.
Apraxias* ; Ataxia*

No abstract available.
Apraxias* ; Ataxia*

Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is characterized by asymmetric clinical manifestations including asymmetrical apraxia, alien limb movement and Parkinsonian symptoms. Cognitive function is relatively normal in the early course of illness. We report a 59 years old right-handed male with CBD. He showed asymmetrical ideomotor apraxia, alien limb movement and extrapyramidal symptom, such as cogwheel rigidity and bradykinesia, that were more severe in the right hand. These symptoms have deteriorated progressively for 2 years, but the cognitive function was relatively pre-served. Brain MRI revealed atrophic changes in both parietal lobes. FDG-PET showed an asymmetrical hypometabo-lism in supplementary motor area, parietal lobe, thalamus and basal ganglia, which was more severe in the left than the right hemisphere.
Apraxia, Ideomotor ; Apraxias* ; Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Extremities ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypokinesia ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Rigidity ; Parietal Lobe ; Thalamus

Apraxia of eyelid opening is nonparalytic inability to open the eyes at will in the absence of visible contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle. It is known that apraxia of eyelid opening is a feature of extrapyramidal diseases. We experienced a case with apraxia of eyelid opening after right thalamic infaction. We suggest that dysfunction of supranuclear control of the levator palpebrae superioris may be a pathophysiologic mechanism in apraxia of eyelid opening.
Apraxias* ; Eyelids* ; Infarction*

No abstract available.
Apraxias ; Eyelids ; Lithium

Aged ; Apraxias ; physiopathology ; Gait Apraxia ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Parkinson Disease ; diagnosis ; physiopathology

Apraxia of speech (AOS) is the impairment of motor programming. However, the exact nature of this deficit remains unclear. In particular, AOS without other speech-language deficit is called pure AOS, but it is very rare. When diagnosing AOS, the characteristic of articulation is considered a crucial criterion, which has been proposed for differentiating AOS from phonological and dysarthric disorders. The present study reports on pure AOS in a 37-year-old right-handed male after a left insular, front, temporal infarction. This report may be useful for further AOS study and diagnosis in the clinical setting.
Adult ; Apraxias ; Humans ; Infarction ; Male

Callosal disconnection results in the functional independence of each hemisphere and usually produces characteristic signs including alien hand, left-sided apraxia, left agraphia and left tactile anomia. Our two patients; a 75-year-old right-handed woman with hypertension and a 71-year-old right-handed woman with diabetes mellitus, showed impairments in the identification of body parts with their left hands in addition to characteristic symptoms such as left ideomotor apraxia, agraphia, tactile anomia, and right alien hand signs with groping and grasping. Brain MRIs of these patients upon admission demonstrated infarcts in the medial portion of the left frontal lobes and in the corpus callosum supplied by the left anterior cerebral artery. The impairment of body parts cognition in our patients can be attributed to the failure of the patient's left hand to communicate with the body schema stored in the left hemisphere.
Aged ; Agraphia ; Anomia ; Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Apraxia, Ideomotor ; Apraxias ; Body Image ; Brain ; Cognition* ; Corpus Callosum ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Extremities* ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; Hand ; Hand Strength ; Human Body ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, episodic hyperpnea alternating with apnea, abnormal eye movement, ataxia, and psychomotor retardation are shown in Joubert syndrome. This rare syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait with variable expression. We report the first cases of Joubert syndrome in Korea, to our knowledge, which showed ocular motor apraxia and agenesis of the cerebellar vermis by Magnetic Resornance Image. From these two cases, we describe the correlation between the cerebellar vermian dysfunction and the ocular motor apraxia.
Apnea ; Apraxias* ; Ataxia ; Eye Movements ; Korea