No abstract available.
Appointments and Schedules*

OBJECTIVE: The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) was developed as a measure of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). The aim here is to examine the factor structure and concurrent validity of the Korean version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (K-PANAS) in a clinical sample in Korea. METHODS: K-PANAS was administered to a clinical sample in Korea. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were undertaken to examine the factorial structure and reliability of the K-PANAS. RESULTS: The reliability of K-PANAS is satisfactory. CFA showed that several of the models commonly used in Western populations provided an insufficient fit. The modified model provided a more adequate fit to the data. CONCLUSION: The authors demonstrate that the K-PANAS has adequate psychometric properties, and that findings obtained in the West using PANAS were partially replicated.
Appointments and Schedules ; Korea ; Psychometrics

BACKGROUND: The aim of our study is to determine maximum surgical blood order schedule (MSBOS) in elective surgery through analyzing usage of blood products such as packed red cells and whole blood at Dankook University Hospital. We would like to establish the guidelines for effective utilization of blood products by introducing MSBOS to our hospital. METHODS: We calculated average amount of transfused blood for each elective surgery based on the discharge records of patients from January 1997 to December 1998 at Dankook University Hospital. Only those operations performed more than 5 times were included in this study. Average number of transfused units per patient of each operation was selected for MSBOS. RESULTS: For two years, the total number of surgery was 15,497 and the number of transfused operations was 1,682 (10.85%). Operation groups transfused below 10% was 77.3% of all 199 operation groups. The number of operation groups whose average of transfused blood was below 0.5 units was 80.3%. Type and screen (T&S) was recommended in 140 (70.4%) of all the operation groups. Of total groups MSBOS of 2 units was estimated in 4 groups (2.0%), of 3 in 14 groups (7.0%), 4 of 4 groups (2.0%), 5 of 2 groups (1.0%), 6 of 4 groups (2.0%), 7 of 7 groups (3.5%), and 8 in 2 groups (1.0%), respectively. CONCLUSION: We established MSBOS through the previous transfusion data of surgical operations over two years. To enforce MSBOS is needed for better medical services, which would decrease blood disuse and medical cost.
Appointments and Schedules* ; Humans

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Branemark or ITI are two currently most widely used implant systems but with contrasting design, surgical and restoration methods. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare changes and its statistical significance in bone height and shape which may rise due to the differences between two implant systems. Also to analyse the effect of inter-implant distance on annual bone height changes. MATERIAL & METHOD: Those patients who were treated with two or more of either Branemark or ITI implants at posterior mandibular area at Yonsei University Dental Hospital, Implant Clinic were selected. At annual examination appointments, standardised radiographs using parallel technique were taken. Marginal bone and inter-implant crestal bone changes were measured and following results were obtained. RESULTS: 1) When ITI and Branemark system were compared, both annual marginal and inter-implant crestal bone height changes in ITI system in the first two years were smaller than Branemark and they were statistically significant. On the third year, however, there was no statistical difference between two implant systems on their annual bone level changes (p>0.05). 2) The Marginal and inter-implant crestal bone changes were compared when inter-implant distance was less than 4mm. Statistically significant bone level changes were noted on the first year only for ITI implants but in the first and second year for Branemark implants (p>0.05). 3) When comparing angulation changes between marginal bone and implant fixture, ITI system had smaller angulation changes but the annual changes were not statistically significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Within the limitation of this study, it could be concluded that Branemark implant systems had more changes in marginal and inter-implant crestal bone level in the first and second year after loading with statistical significance. Further studies are recommended to see the effects of these bone loss during the first and second year after loading on the long term prognosis of Branemark Implants.
Appointments and Schedules ; Humans ; Prognosis

This study was performed to guide the effective utilization of blood and optimal blood ordering schedule for various elective surgeries, based on the analysis of 1,462 transfused surgical procedures and 5,933 blood units transfused during operation in the period of two years through January, 197 to December, 1988 at Yeungnam University Hospital. The frequency of transfusion, and mean transfused units were evaluated and recommended blood unit for each surgical procedure was proposed. We assure that the successful establishment of this guideline can lead to substantial monetary saving, reduced blood outdating, and a decreased blood bank workload with a more appropriate allocation of the technician's time and effort.
Appointments and Schedules ; Blood Banks

OBJECTIVES: To investigate sleep-wake patterns and chronotype in rapidly rotating shift nurses (SRN). METHODS: We translated and back-translated the Korean Munich ChronoType for Shift-Workers (K-MCTQ(shift)) with original authors' permission. In this study, 353 full-time, SRN (age 28.7±3.95 years 341 females, mean shift–working duration=5 years 9 months) at one university hospital completed the K-MCTQ(shift) and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Time in bed, sleep duration, and mid-sleep time (sleep onset time+1/2 sleep duration) were evaluated on work days and free days. Social jet lag was computed for each shift. Chronotype was assessed based on the mid-sleep time on free days corrected for sleep debt accumulated over the workweek (MSF(SC)). RESULTS: Sleep duration on workdays were 5.2 hours (day shift, D), 7.7 hours (evening shift, E), and 5.7 hours (night shift, N), respectively. Alarm clock usage on workdays was the highest in day-shifts (92.4%). The chronotype of 166 SRN who did not use alarm on free days was 6:09 h. Social jet lag was the longest in day-shifts (3.3 hours), and the shortest in evening-shifts (0.3 hour). Mid-sleep after the evening-shift (MSW(E), MSF(E), MSF(E)(SC)) showed significant correlations with MEQ scores. CONCLUSIONS: The Korean MCTQ(shift) provides actual sleep-wake patterns per shift schedule and chronotype in shift workers. We suggest that the sleep-corrected version of mid-sleep on free days after evening shifts (MSF(E)(SC)) is suitable for assessing chronotype in shift workers.
Appointments and Schedules ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Appointments and Schedules* ; Erythrocytes*

No abstract available.
Appointments and Schedules* ; Erythrocytes*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the amount and pattern of change in deviation angle with time course after surgical correction of intermittent exotropia and to evaluate the effect of pre-operative deviation and operation age on post-operative deviation change. METHODS: 54 patients who followed more than 60 months (60~120 months, mean 71.7 months) after surgical correction of intermittent exotropia were selected. We defined 'satisfactory results' that alignment of orthotropia, under 10delta esotropia and under 10delta exotropia. RESULTS: Of 54 patients, satisfactory results obtained in 96.2%(52 patients), immediate post-operation day and decreas with time course to 35.1% (19 patients) at post-operative 5 years. To quantification of change of deviation, author defined exotropic drift as +, esotropic drift as -, and no change as 0. The change of deviation between immediate post-operation and 2 years after operation is +14.55delta, between 2 years after and 5 years is +2.70delta. The change of deviation developed between immediate post-operation and 2 years after operation has statistical significance in comparison with change of deviation developed between after 2 years and 5 years after operation (P=0.0001). Pre-operative deviation has no effect on post-operative deviation change (P=0.4472) and operation age was same (P=0.3461). CONCLUSIONS: The results of surgical correction of intermittent exotropia is significantly deteriorated with time course. Exotropic drift was more pronounced between immediate post-operation and 2 years after operation and then decreased. Therefore we recommend that after surgery of intermittent exotropia patients should be followed by schedule more than 2 years and thereafter the tendency for exotropic drift will more stable. After 2 years, however, small amount exotropic drift can be possible.
Appointments and Schedules ; Esotropia ; Exotropia* ; Humans

For the purpose of the curative effects of oral D-penicillamine in lead Ip0soning,D-penicillamine was orally administered to 7 lead poisoned workers which were employed in glaze product industry dealing with the lead oxide (Pb3O4). The doses of D-penicillamine was 1, 200mg per day which was administered by oral 7days schedules, taking for 5 days and stopping for the following 2days, repeatedly during 3 months period-(All the poisoned workers started working again in that industry after I month treatment, and were treated by oral D-penicillamine for 2 months still being exposed to contaminated environment. In order to evaluate the curative effects of D-penicillamine, IOgm of whole blood and 24 hours urine were collected every 14 days during the curative period for laboratory analysis(hemoglobin, blood lead. urine c-aminolevulinic acid, urine coproporphyrin, and urine lead levels) with the observation of the clinical symptoms. The results were as follows; 1. Oral D-penicillamine effected good curative results as that hemoglobin, blood lead, urine caminolevulinic acid, and urine coproporphyrin levels were decreased belpiv the critical level within 1 month treatment. 2. After re-exposure, oral D-penicillamine effected to some extent as that urine lead level was decreased 'below the critical level after 3 months treatment with disappgarence of the clinical symptoms after 2 months treatment. However, the curative effects of orral D-penicillamine in the lead exposure state is questionable since increasement of blood lead' level and remarkable decreasement of urine lead level after 3 months treatment can be observed.
Appointments and Schedules ; Lead Poisoning* ; Penicillamine*