Apoptosis ; Hepatocytes ; pathology ; Humans ; Trans-Activators ; physiology

Apoptosis ; physiology ; Autophagy ; physiology ; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies ; physiopathology ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo study the apoptotic effects of influenza A virus on the Raji cell line.

METHODSCultured Raji cells were infected with influenza A virus at a multiplicity of infection (m.o.i) of 20 and the effects of apoptosis were detected at different time points post infection using the following methods: electron microscope, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, PI stained flow cytometry (FCM) and Annexin-V FITC/PI stained FCM.

RESULTSRaji cells infected with influenza A virus showed changes of morphology apoptosis, DNA agarose electrophoresis also demonstrated a ladder-like pattern of DNA fragments in a time-dependent manner. PI stained FCM showed "apoptosis peak" and FITC/PI stained FCM showed apoptotic cells. Quantitative analysis indicated that the percentage of apoptotic Raji cells increased after infection, and cycloheximide (CHX), an eukaryotic transcription inhibitor, could effectively inhibit the apoptotic effects of influenza A virus in vitro.

CONCLUSIONSInfluenza A virus can induce apoptosis in Raji cell line suggesting that it may lead to a potential method for tumor therapy.

Apoptosis ; physiology ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; physiology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

The normal range of oral mucosal cell apoptosis and proliferation rate through a larger sample of non-malnourished crowd was investigated, and the nutritional status of clinical patients was assessed. Of 194 clinical patients selected according to "NRS2002" guidance, there were 167 non-malnourished patients and 27 malnourished cases, respectively. Twelve patients with toxic reactions of grade III after postoperative chemotherapy (POC) were chosen. The oral mucosal epithelial apoptosis and proliferation rate were measured by using flow cytometry. The statistical significance was processed by using unpaired t-test. The results showed that there was no significant difference in gender, age and body weight between malnourished and non-malnourished groups. The normal range of oral mucosal epithelial apoptosis and the proliferation rate was (27.50±1.50)% and (15.12±1.68)% in non-malnourished patients, and that was (19.90±4.14)% and (6.66±5.83)% in the malnourished patients, respectively. It is concluded that the normal range of oral mucosa cell apoptosis and proliferation rate is achieved, which can not be influenced by gender, age, weight and other factors, and could be used as a sensitive and accurate index to assess the nutritional status of clinical patients.
Apoptosis ; physiology ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Mucosa ; pathology ; physiology ; Nutritional Status ; physiology

BACKGROUNDPolymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN), one of the most important inflammatory cells, functions throughout the initiation, progression and resolution of inflammation. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between PMN apoptosis and the lung injury after chest impact trauma.

METHODSPMNs were purified from rabbits subjected to the chest impact trauma and their apoptosis, necrosis, survival and respiratory burst were detected by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, lactate dehydrogenase and (LDH) [Ca2+]i were measured.

RESULTSThe delayed apoptosis of PMNs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was observed from 2 hours to 12 hours after trauma, and viable cells increased. Respiratory burst of PMNs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was increased significantly from 2 hours with the peak at 8 hours. Meanwhile, lactate dehydrogenase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was higher than that in control (P < 0.05) from 4 hours to 24 hours, and intracellular free Ca2+ in PMN was increased temporarily.

CONCLUSIONSRetention of PMN in tissues and the abnormality in apoptotic pathway inevitably generate persistent activation of PMN and excessive release of toxic substances, resulting in tissue injury. The temporary increase of intracellular free Ca2+ may be responsible for the delayed apoptosis of PMN.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Lung Injury ; Neutrophils ; physiology ; Rabbits ; Respiratory Burst ; physiology ; Thoracic Injuries ; complications

Germ cells exist in an environment created by Sertoli cells. The differentiation of germ cells from spermatogonia to sperm in the seminiferous epithelium is controlled by many factors such as hormones, growth factors, temperature and interaction with Sertoli cells. Paracrine signaling between these intimately associated cells also regulates the process of germ cell death. Sertoli cells' products play an important role in the process of germ cell differentiation in the testis, in which both the spontaneous and induced germ cell apoptosis often occur.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Sertoli Cells ; physiology ; Spermatozoa ; physiology

Autophagy is a process of bulk degradation of proteins and organelles in cytoplasm.Autophagy has many normal physiological functions in cellular catabolism; therefore is essential for cell homeostasis. In some circumstances autophagy can induces cell death, namely autophagic cell death. Recent studies have suggested that autophagy plays an important role in both normal tissue development and a variety of diseases, including cancer. Therefore, the strategy targeting autophagy pathway may represent a new way of cancer treatment.
Apoptosis ; physiology ; Autophagy ; physiology ; Cell Death ; physiology ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Signal Transduction

Nogo-B is a major family member of the reticulon protein family 4. It is widely expressed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, and is mainly located in endoplasmic reticulum and cell membrane. Previous studies have revealed that Nogo-B plays a key role in vascular injury, tissue repair and inflammation process. It also may be critical for apoptosis of tumor cells and central diseases. Further investigation of the molecular characteristics and biological function of Nogo-B might be of great help to understand its role in diverse diseases.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Membrane ; physiology ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; physiology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Myelin Proteins ; physiology ; Nogo Proteins

Spermatogenesis, a continuous course of cell proliferation and differentiation, depends on reproductive hormones. FSH and LH-induced T are the main hormones regulating spermatogensis. Intratesticular T is one of the key factors in maintaining spermatogenesis, while FSH is just as important for origination and maintenance of normal spermatogenesis. Sertoli cells are the pivot of hormonal regulation. Interestingly, these reproductive hormones also regulate sperm cell apoptosis spermatogenesis. Further studies on the hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis provide a base for the development of safe and recoverable contraceptives for males.
Androgens ; physiology ; Apoptosis ; Contraception ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; physiology ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone ; physiology ; Male ; Spermatogenesis

Animals ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Cellular Senescence ; physiology ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; pathology ; Sphingolipids ; chemistry ; metabolism ; physiology