1.Influence of the brain noradrenergic system on the rotational behavior induced by apomorphine in the substantia nigra-lesioned rat.
Keun Young PARK ; Sang Eun YOO ; Hong Bai EUN
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 1993;32(5):767-775
No abstract available.
Animals
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Apomorphine*
;
Brain*
;
Rats*
2.Expression of Dopamine D2 Receptor in Response to Apomorphine Treatment in the Striatum of the Rat with Experimentally Induced Parkinsonism.
Seung Jin CHOI ; Jae Hoon SUNG ; Byung Chul SON ; Choon Keun PARK ; Sung Oh KWON ; Moon Chan KIM ; Sang Won LEE
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 2000;29(7):868-876
No abstract available.
Animals
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Apomorphine*
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Dopamine*
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Parkinsonian Disorders*
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Rats*
;
Receptors, Dopamine D2*
3.The infraspinal neural pathway of apomorphine-induced erection : an experimental study by the comparison with electrostimulation-induced erection on the rat model.
Sung Won LEE ; Jae Seung PAICK ; Kwan Hyun PARK ; Seung Joon OH ; Myung Soo CHOO ; Hyung Kee JO
Korean Journal of Urology 1993;34(5):790-795
The erectile response is peripherally mediated by cavernous nerve that contains thoracolubar sympathetic nerve and sacral parasympathetic nerve. It is known that thoracolubar sympathetic nerve involves in detumescence and sacral parasympathetic nerve in tumescence, however there are some opinions that rhoracolubar sympathetic nerve participates in psychogenic erectile mechanism. We previously reported that by the comparison with electrostimulation-induced erection, apomor- phine-induced erection was a vascular event. The aim of our study was to determine the infraspinal neural pathway of APO-induced erection. The sham operated rats remained normal in all measured respects. All rats having undergone neurotomy ot the hypogastric nerves showed APO-induced erection except one. The only 5 rats having undergone neurotomy of the pelvic nerves showed APO-induced erection. Erections could be elicited upon cavernous or pelvic nerves stimulation in all rats having undergone neurolomy of the hypogastric nerves. Among 17 rats having undergone neurotomy of the pelvic nerve erection could be elicited upon cavernous nerves slimulation in 14 rats, however. the intracavernous pressure (47.9+/-16.5 mmHg) was lower than that found in sham-operated rats. Erectile response in these 14 rats appeared to result from stimulation of penile neurons coming from the major pelvic ganglion. In contrast to no response in sham-operated rats, stimulation of the hypogastric nerves also resulted in erections in 7 out of 17 rats. In conclusion, this present study suggests that APO-induced ereclion is primarily mediated via the sacral parasympathetic nerve system and may be mediated by the thoracolumbar sympathetic pathway following injury to the parasympathetic nerve system. Furthermore we can guess the possibility that the neural pathway of psychogenic erection is same that of AP0- induced erection.
Animals
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Apomorphine
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Ganglion Cysts
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Models, Animal*
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Neural Pathways*
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Neurons
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Rats*
4.Chronological Changes in the Rotational Behavior in Response to Apomorphine Administration in 6-Hydroxydopamine Parkinsonian Rat.
Keun Sik HONG ; Byung Gon KIM ; Beom Seok JEON ; Byung Woo YOON ; Kwang Woo LEE ; Jae Kyu ROH ; Sang Bok LEE ; Ho Jin MYUNG
Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 1999;17(1):117-121
BACKGROUND: Apomorphine-induced rotational behavior of unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (OHDA) lesioned rat is widely used to develop anti-Parkinsonian treatments including drugs, neuroprotective therapy, and neural graft. Time course of changes in rotational behavior after lesioning, however, has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to observe the chronological changes in the rotational response and to find the optimal period when this model is used for investigation of various therapies. METHODS: 6-OHDA was stereotaxically delivered to the unilateral substantia nigra in 13 rats. Rotational responses to apomorphine administrations were counted in the rotomotor on 2, 4, 8, 12, and 14 weeks after lesioning. RESULTS: The total turns for two hours increased continuously up to eight weeks, and then plateaued. CONCLUSIONS: Apomorphine-induced rotations increase until eight weeks after 6-OHDA lesioning. Therefore, this Parkinsonian model should be used at least eight weeks after lesioning. Even though priming was not excluded as an explanation in the experiment, we reason that progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons may explain the chronological changes in rotational behavior.
Animals
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Apomorphine*
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Dopaminergic Neurons
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Neuroprotective Agents
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Oxidopamine*
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Rats*
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Substantia Nigra
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Transplants
5.The Pharmacological Effects of Benachio-F(R) on Rat Gastrointestinal Functions.
Bijay Kumar POUDEL ; Jae Young YU ; Yong Sam KWON ; Hyoung Geun PARK ; Miwon SON ; Joon Ho JUN ; Jeong Ah KIM ; Jong Oh KIM
Biomolecules & Therapeutics 2015;23(4):350-356
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a prevalent idiopathic upper gastrointestinal (GI) disorder characterized by diverse symptomatology including epigastric pain or discomfort, postprandial fullness, and early satiety. Although its pathophysiological mechanisms have not yet been fully established, the available studies suggest that the etiology of FD is invariably multifactorial. Benachio-F(R) (BF) is a proprietary liquid formulation of 7 herbal extracts that has been proposed to address this multifactorial etiology using multi-drug phytotherapy. The pharmacological effects of BF, in comparison with those of two other herbal products (Whalmyungsu(R); WM and Iberogast(R); IB) were evaluated in rats. In a laparotomy-induced rat model of delayed GI transit, BF significantly accelerated the delayed gastric emptying caused by morphine, apomorphine, and cisplatin, and also significantly increased mean gastric transit, as compared to the control animals. BF markedly increased gastric accommodation in rats and produced higher gastric volume values than did the control treatment. The effects of BF were generally comparable or superior to those of WM and IB in these models. Furthermore, BF significantly stimulated biliary flow, as compared to the control treatment. These results indicated that BF might have great potential as an effective phytotherapeutic agent capable of reducing GI symptoms and increasing quality of life in FD patients.
Animals
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Apomorphine
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Cisplatin
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Dyspepsia
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Gastric Emptying
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Humans
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Models, Animal
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Morphine
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Phytotherapy
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Quality of Life
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Rats*
6.Effects of a New Antipsychotic Drug (YKP1447) on Impaired Prepulse Inhibition Induced by Apomorphine and Phencyclidine in Rats.
Byung Soo YOON ; Eun Hye PARK ; Eui Ho PARK ; Jeong Tae KWON ; Sung Bin HONG ; Seon Min DONG ; Yun Hee KIM ; Joon HEO ; Mi Kyung JI ; Yong Gil KIM ; Byong Sung KWAK ; June Seek CHOI ; Hyun Taek KIM
Korean Journal of Psychopharmacology 2008;19(1):38-45
OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia, a devastating mental disorder, displays a wide range of cognitive impairments including attentional impairment. Prepulse inhibition (PPI), in which a startle response to a loud acoustic noise is reduced by a preceding auditory stimulus of a lower intensity, is impaired in schizophrenic patients and rats injected with apomorphine (APO) or phencyclidine (PCP) mimicking attentional deficits in schizophrenics. Here we examined therapeutic efficacy of a newly developed atypical antipsychotic compound (YKP1447;YKP) on PPI impairment induced by various doses of APO and PCP. METHODS: This study was composed of 3 experiments. YKP (0.5-15 mg/kg) or vehicle (VEH) was administered 15 min before the injection of APO (0.5 mg/kg, Exp1) or PCP (2.0 mg/kg, Exp2:1.5 mg/kg, Exp3). They were then tested for PPI in which a mix of startle stimulus and prepulse was presented. RESULTS: APO or PCP treatment effectively impaired PPI in tested animals (VEH/APO or VEH/PCP). Impaired PPI in APO group was reversed in animals that were pretreated with YKP (5-10 mg/kg) (Exp1). However YKP treatment was not effective in PCP group (Exp2-3). CONCLUSION: High concentration of YKP pretreatment had antipsychotic effect on APO-induced impairment in attentional function suggesting that the compound could potentially be used to treat cognitive impairment due to increased dopaminergic receptorbinding.
Acoustics
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Animals
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Antipsychotic Agents
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Apomorphine
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Humans
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Mental Disorders
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Noise
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Phencyclidine
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Rats
;
Schizophrenia
7.Effects of Fetal Nondopaminergic Cortical Tissue Transplantation in the Rat Parkinsonian Model.
Jin Woo CHANG ; Sang Sup CHUNG
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 1994;23(5):487-498
Fetal dopaminergic or nondopaminergic cortical tissues were implanted directly into the denervated striatum of partial lesioned rat parkinsonian models. After transplantation, at rats were behaviourally tested with apomorphine and sacrificed for tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemical stain. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1) Of 45 rats partially lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamine, 17 rats(37.8%) met a criteria(a minimum of 4 times/min to apomorphine-induced rotation test) of the rat parkinsonian model. 2) Eight weeks after transplantation of the fetal dopaminergic tissues into the striatum of the rat parkinsonian model, transplanted dopaminergic cells were found to be alive. Also reinnervated dopaminergic fibers were found in the previously denervated striatum. And the behavioural study suggested that the transplantation of the fetal dopaminergic neurons had influenced on the apomorphine-induced rotation. 3) Eight weeks after transplantation of the fetal nondopaminergic tissues into the striatum of the rat parkinsonian model, dopaminergic cells were not found in the previously denervated striatum. However, reinnervation of the dopaminergic fibers were found in the preciously denervated striatum. However, reinnervation of the dopaminergic fibers were found in the previously denervated striatum as well as the reduction of the apomorphine-induced rotation compared to the pregraft state. The major finding of this study support a trophic hypothesis for the mechanism of recovery in response to fetal dopaminergic or nondopaminergic tissue. The author conclude that fetal nondopaminergic tissue also had some beneficial effect in reducing apomorphine-induced rotational asymmetry probably by promoting recovery or sprouting of remaining dopaminergic fibers at the previously denervated striatum of the rat parkinsonian model.
Animals
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Apomorphine
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Dopaminergic Neurons
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Oxidopamine
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Rats*
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Tissue Transplantation*
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Transplantation
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Transplants*
;
Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
8.The Effects of Various Stressful Conditions on Erection and Manifestation of Oxytocin Positive Neuron of Apomorphine in Mice.
Dong Jin YOON ; Young Joo KIM ; Jong Min PARK ; Dong Ki LEE ; Hee Jae LEE ; Joo Ho CHUNG ; Choong Hyun LEE
Korean Journal of Urology 2004;45(9):941-946
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to demonstrate whether various stressful conditions have effects on the erection and manifestation of oxytocin positive neurons of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty, 10-weeks old mice were divided into 4 groups: control (A), stress only (B), apomorphine only (C) and apomorphine with stress treated (D) groups. Chronic restraint and forced swimming stresses were induced. Apomorphine (80ug/kg) was subcutaneously injected every 3 days, and after 14 days the brains of the mice were extracted, and treated with immunohistochemistry. The data were analyzed by optical density and Student's t-test. RESULTS: One of group D was died of excessive stress. The erection rates of groups C, D, A and B were 80, 64, 20 and 0%, respectively. The number of oxytocin-positive neurons in the PVN of groups C, A, D and B were 215, 205, 201 and 190, respectively (p=0.07). The optical density of the oxytocin-positive neurons of the erection group was significant higher than that of the non-erection group (125 vs. 105, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The erectile function was decreased under stressful condition, which was improved by administration of apomorphine. Apomorphine has a relationship with the oxytocin-positive neurons in the PVN; therefore, it is one of the important factors in inducing an erection.
Animals
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Apomorphine*
;
Brain
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Immunohistochemistry
;
Mice*
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Neurons*
;
Oxytocin*
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Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus
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Swimming
9.Proerectile Effects of Selective alpha1 Blockers: A Comparative Study with Rat Model.
Jung Min SIM ; Kwanjin PARK ; Jae Seung PAICK
Korean Journal of Urology 2003;44(11):1149-1156
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the pro-erectile potential of various urethral alpha blockers using pharmacological or electrical induction of erection in anesthesized rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To evaluate the influence on centrally mediated erection, intravenous administeration of terazosin, doxazosin(3, 10, 30microgram/kg), and tamsulosin (0.3, 1, 3microgram/kg), followed by submaximal subcutaneous apomorphine(50microgram/kg) administration, mean arterial pressure(MAP) and intracavernosal pressure(ICP) were recorded over 30 minutes in male anesthesized rats. The time to first response, peaks within 30 minutes, maximal ICP, area under the curve, percentage of ICP/MAP were compared. To evaluate the influence on peripherally induced erections, various doses of alpha antagonists and submaximal cavernous nerve stimulation(0.5ms, 2V, 10Hz) were combined. The ICP increase and ICP/MAP percentage were also compared. RESULTS: Although various dose response relationships were shown, all three alpha blockers enhanced erectile activity triggered by apomorphine. In terms of time to first response and peaks within 30 minutes, the proerectile effects of terazosin was most prominent whereas those of tamsulosin was minimal, requiring larger doses. In combining with cavernous nerve stimulation, doxazosin and tamsulosin showed moderate proerectile activity, but the highest dose of terazosin was required to enhance ICP increase induced by cavernous nerve stimulation. Despite their pressure lowering effects, all tested alpha adrenergic blockers significantly enhanced the ICP/MAP percentage. CONCLUSIONS: The present finding clearly indicated that alpha 1 selective antagonists can enhance erectile capacity when combined with central or peripheral stimuli for erection.
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists
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Adrenergic Antagonists
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Animals
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Apomorphine
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Doxazosin
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Humans
;
Male
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Models, Animal*
;
Rats*
10.Influence of Glutamate on the Circling Movement In the Unilateral Substantia Nigra-lesioned Rats.
Myeong Il HAN ; Young Chul CHUNG ; Hong Bai EUN
Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 1997;36(5):919-926
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of various concentrations of glutamate(10(-8), 10(-6) and 10(-4) M) on the circling movement induced by apomorphine in the unilateral substantia nigra-lesioned rats. Subcutaneous apomorphine(0.1 mg/kg) elicited contralateral circling movement(641.7+/-163.9/hr), Glutamate(10(-6)-10(-4) M) significantly reduced the numbers of apomorphine-induced circling movement. This reducing effect of glutamate was antagonized and/or reversed by 10(-7) M GABA antagonist bicuculline. These results suggest that glutamate reduces circling movement induced by apomorphine and this reducing effect of glutamate may be mediated by increased GABA concentration in striatum and substantia nigra.
Animals
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Apomorphine
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Bicuculline
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Dopamine
;
GABA Antagonists
;
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
;
Glutamic Acid*
;
Rats*
;
Substantia Nigra