BACKGROUND/AIMS: Changes in lipid profiles in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) during direct-acting antiviral therapy have been reported in recent years. However, the clinical aspects of disturbed lipid metabolism in chronic HCV infection have not been fully elucidated. METHODS: Dynamic changes in serum total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein levels in patients infected with HCV genotype 1b were examined during combination therapy with daclatasvir (DCV) and asunaprevir (ASV). RESULTS: Total, LDL−, and HDL-cholesterol levels increased rapidly and persistently after week 4. Apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apo B, apo C-II, and apo C-III levels were significantly higher at week 4 than at week 0. In contrast, apo A-II and apo E levels were significantly lower. The differences in LDL− and HDL-cholesterol levels were positively correlated with those of apo B and apo A-I, respectively. Interestingly, in patients with non-sustained virological response, these cholesterol levels decreased rapidly after viral breakthrough or viral relapse. Furthermore, similar changes were observed for apo A-I, apo B and apo C-III levels. CONCLUSIONS: Clearance of HCV using combination therapy with DCV and ASV results in rapid changes in serum lipid profiles, suggesting an influence of HCV infection on disturbed lipid metabolism.
Apolipoprotein A-I ; Apolipoprotein A-II ; Apolipoprotein C-II ; Apolipoprotein C-III ; Apolipoproteins ; Apolipoproteins B ; Apolipoproteins E ; Cholesterol ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus* ; Hepatitis C* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipoproteins ; Recurrence

OBJECTIVETo explore the gene polymorphisms of ApoAI-75 Msp1, ApoB Msp1, ApoCIII Sst1, LRP5, and ApoE genotypes in two pairs of semi different modes of hepatitis B for HBV markers.

METHODSThe patients are divided into 9 groups. There were a total of 720 cases, 80 patients in each group, The patients was carried out by SnaPshot method (single-base multilocus micro-sequencing), and different genotypes of each locus were conducted by the method of sequencing in order to support the final evidence of the accuracy of test results.

RESULTSThere was association between gene polymorphisms of ApoAI-75Msp1 and ApoE and different modes of two pairs of semi-hepatitis B (P < 0.05), while there wasn't any association between gene polymorphisms of ApoB-Msp1, ApoCIII-Sst1, LRP5 and different modes of two pairs of semi-hepatitis B (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe gene polymorphism of ApoAI-75Msp1 and ApoE was associated with the different modes of HBV markers.

Apolipoprotein A-I ; genetics ; Apolipoprotein C-III ; genetics ; Apolipoproteins ; genetics ; Apolipoproteins B ; genetics ; China ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B ; genetics ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic

BACKGROUND: Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) has been considered a characteristic plasma lipid abnormality in hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure, but is actually shown in only some of them (30-50%). Also renal dyslipidemia may contribute to atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patients. METHODS: Study population consisted of 34 patients with normotriglyceridemia (NTG), 11 patients with HTG and 47 controls. We measured total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apoB, apoC-III and apoE. RESULTS: Compared with controls, the NTG patients had significantly decreased levels of TC, HDL-C, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). But HTG patients had significantly increased TG, and TC/HDL-C ratio which were considered to represent the atherogenic indicator and had decreased HDL-C and LDL-C (P <0.001), with significant increase of TG and TC/HDL-C ratio compared with those of NTG patients. In the apolipoprotein profiles, all patients showed decreased levels of apoA-I, apoB, and apoA-I/apoC-III ratio and increased levels of apoC-III and apoC-III/apoE ratio compared with those of controls (P <0.001). Especially, HTG patients had significantly increased levels of apoC-III compared with NTG patients. CONCLUSIONS: So these results indicated that abnormalities of those potentially atherogenic lipid and lipoproteins may contribute to the high incidence of cardiovascular diseases and progression of renal disease in the HTG patients than NTG patients on maintenance hemodialysis.
Apolipoprotein A-I ; Apolipoprotein C-III ; Apolipoproteins B ; Apolipoproteins E ; Apolipoproteins* ; Atherosclerosis ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Dyslipidemias ; Humans ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Incidence ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Lipoproteins* ; Plasma ; Renal Dialysis* ; Triglycerides

BACKGROUND: Apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) is the second-most abundant apolipoprotein in human high-density lipoprotein and its role in cardio metabolic risk is not entirely clear. It has been suggested to have poor anti-atherogenic or even pro-atherogenic properties, but there are few studies on the possible role of apoA-II in Asian populations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of apoA-II in metabolic syndrome (MetS) compared with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and apolipoprotein B (apoB) in Korean adults. METHODS: We analyzed data from 244 adults who visited the Center for Health Promotion in Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital for routine health examinations. RESULTS: The mean apoB level was significantly higher, and the mean apoA-I level was significantly lower, in MetS; however, there was no significant difference in apoA-II levels (30.5+/-4.6 mg/dL vs. 31.2+/-4.6 mg/dL, P=0.261). ApoA-II levels were more positively correlated with apoA-I levels than apoB levels. ApoA-II levels were less negatively correlated with homocysteine and high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels than apoA-I levels. The differences in MetS prevalence from the lowest to highest quartile of apoA-II were not significant (9.0%, 5.7%, 4.9%, and 6.6%, P=0.279). The relative risk of the highest quartile of apoA-II compared with the lowest quartile also was not significantly different (odds ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.95 to 1.04; P=0.956). CONCLUSION: Compared with apoA-I (negative association with MetS) and apoB (positive association with MetS) levels, apoA-II levels did not show any association with MetS in this study involving Korean adults. However, apoA-II may have both anti-atherogenic and pro-atherogenic properties.
Adult ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; Apolipoprotein A-II ; Apolipoproteins ; Apolipoproteins B ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; C-Reactive Protein ; Health Promotion ; Homocysteine ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; Prevalence

OBJECTIVETo investigate associations between the apolipoprotein E-CI-CII gene cluster polymorphisms and coronary artery disease (CAD).

METHODSapoE genotypes were identified by multiplex amplification refractory mutation system (multi-ARMS) and the polymorphisms of both apoCI and apoCII genes were detected by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 203 cases of CAD and 365 controls. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium coefficients (D, D') were estimated by the LINKAGE program.

RESULTSThe frequencies of apoE E3/4 genotype (0.259) and epsilon4 (0.139) in CAD group were significantly higher than that in control group (0.125, 0.069), (P<0.05). The significant difference was also found for the apoCI locus, the frequencies of H2 allele were 0. 205 in the CAD and 0.113 in the control. Linkage disequilibrium coefficient D' was 0.672 (P<0.01) between apoE and apoCI genes. Significant differences for a deficit of epsilon3-H1-T1 and excess of epsilon4-H2-T1 were found in the CAD by estimation of the haplotype frequencies. After adjustment for possible confounding factors, the multivariate Logistic analysis showed a significant interaction among epsilon4, H2 and smoking, OR value was 18.3 (95%CI:2.35-150.81, P<0.05), attributable proportions of interaction (API) was 57.3%, it was a multiplicative model. An additive model was shown among epsilon4, H2 and bibulosity; the odds ratio (OR) (95%CI) and API of their interaction were 12.7(2.8-58.6, P<0.05) and 43.5%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggested that both apoE and apoCI on chromosome 19 were the susceptibility loci for CAD, their linkage disequilibrium should be responsible for the development of CAD. Smoking and bibulosity can significantly increase the risk of CAD.

Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; Apolipoprotein C-I ; genetics ; Apolipoprotein C-II ; genetics ; Apolipoproteins E ; genetics ; Coronary Artery Disease ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multigene Family ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics ; Risk Factors ; Smoking

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to investigate the value of apolipoproteins, including ApoA-1, ApoC-III, and ApoE, in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and cancer progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lung samples were collected from 89 patients with SCLC. Nineteen lung samples from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and 12 normal lung tissues were used as controls. Expression profiles of ApoA-1, ApoC-III, and ApoE in different samples were examined using immunohistochemical methods, and the expression levels were correlated with cancer types, treatment, and outcomes using chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: Expression of ApoA-1 and ApoC-III in SCLC was significantly different, compared with that in NSCLC and normal lung tissues, and was correlated with recurrence of SCLC. Patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery showed significantly reduced expression of ApoA-1 and increased expression of ApoC-III and ApoE. Nevertheless, the expression levels of ApoA-1, ApoC-III, and ApoE were not correlated with SCLC staging. CONCLUSION: ApoA-1 and ApoC-III may be used as differentiating and predictive markers for SCLC. ApoA-1, ApoC-III, and ApoE may be used to monitor the efficacy of chemotherapy.
Adult ; Aged ; Apolipoprotein A-I/*genetics ; Apolipoprotein C-III/*genetics ; Apolipoproteins E/*genetics ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prognosis ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/*diagnosis/genetics

OBJECTIVE: The predominant histopathologic lesion in Behcet's disease is vasculitis. Thrombotic complications have been reported in approximately 10-40% of patients with Behcet's disease, but the precise mechanisms are not known. To investigate the coagualtion abnormalities in patients with Behcet's disease, coagulation and fibrinolytic activities were examined. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with Behcet's disease and thirty-two healthy individuals as a control group were included in the study. The presence of thrombosis and risk factors for hypercoagulability, and blood components concerning coagulation and fibrinolytic activites were evaluated. RESULTS: Of thirty-two patients with Behcet's disease, thrombosis was found in four patients(13%). No patient had risk factors for hypercoagulability except one with lymphoma. Levels of white blood cell count(mean+/-SD 8,362+/-2,893 vs 5,934+/-1,755/mm2, p<0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate(40.5+/-37.6 vs 3.3+/-2.73mm/hr, p<0.001), C reactive protein(2.26+/-3.99 vs 1.20+/-0.26mg/dl, p=0.008), fibrinogen(387.7+/-128.5 vs 240.6+/-49.5mg/dl, p<0.001) and von Willebrand factor antigen(131.9+/-46.6 vs 105.2+/-1.75%, p=0.008) were significantly higher in patients with Behcet's disease compared with controls. The level of fibrinogen correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate(r=0.721, p<0.001) and C reactive protein(r=0.454, p=0.018). High density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol(46.6+/-12.7 vs 65.5+/-16.1mg/dl, p<0.001), apolipoprotein A-1(118.8+/-24.7 vs 134.6+/-18.5mg/dl, p=0.018) and antithrombin III(92.8+/-16.7 vs 106.3+/-14.7%, p=0.004) were significantly lower in patients with Behcet's disease. No differences were observed in lipoprotein(a), plasminogen, protein C, and protein S activities. Activated protein C(APC) resistance was not observed in any patients with Behcet's disease. Lupus anticoagulant was positive in four patients(13%), one of whom had deep vein thrombosis. Antiphospholipid antibody was found in one patient(3%), but thrombosis was not found. CONCLUSIONS: Significantly higher level of von Willebrand factor antigen was observed in Behcet's disease, which suggested injury of vascular endothelium. Levels of HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-1 and antithrombin III were decreased in Behcet's disease. APC resistance was not found.
Activated Protein C Resistance ; Antibodies, Antiphospholipid ; Antithrombin III ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; Apolipoproteins ; Blood Sedimentation ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Fibrinogen ; Fibrinolysis ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Lipoprotein(a) ; Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor ; Lymphoma ; Plasminogen ; Protein C ; Protein S ; Risk Factors ; Thrombophilia ; Thrombosis ; Vasculitis ; Venous Thrombosis ; von Willebrand Factor

BACKGROUND: Alterations of lipid profiles are well known in thyroid dysfunction. Hypothyroidism is associated with premature atherosclerosis. This relation has been attributed to increased levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B. However, there have been dissenting reports of abnormalities in serum lipid concentrations in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Serum Lp(a), an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis, is predicted according to thyroid function status. C-reactive protein (CRP) is very sensitive acute phase reactant and independently associated with the occurrence of atherosclerosis. Overt hypothyroidism is a cause of atherosclerosis, so it is expected that serum level of CRP may be related with thyroid dysfunction. However, no study has been performed about it. The objective of the study was to evaluate the relation of plasma CRP, apo A1, apo B and Lp(a) with thyroid function. METHODS: We undertook this study in 54 patients with hyperthyroidism, 35 patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism, 29 patients with overt hypothyroidism, 194 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and 100 age and sex matched healthy control subjects. Serum CRP and Lp(a) were measured by immuno-nephelometry. RESULTS: There were no significant differences of serum CRP, Lp(a), HDL-C and apo A1 according to thyroid dysfunction. Serum total cholesterol level was lower in hyperthyroidism than in overt hyperthyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism and healthy control subjects (p<0.05). Serum LDL-C level was lower in hyperthyroidism than overt hypothyroidism (p<0.05). Serum triglyceride level was higher in overt hypothyroidism than in hyperthyroidism and healthy control subjects (p<0.05). Serum apo B level was lower in hyperthyroidism than in overt hyperthyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism and healthy control subjects (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Serum CRP and Lp(a), risk factors of atherosclerosis, were not significantly different according to thyroid dysfunction. Increased risk for atherosclerosis in overt hypothyroidism seems not to be associated with serum CRP level.
Apolipoprotein A-I* ; Apolipoproteins B ; Apolipoproteins* ; Atherosclerosis ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Dissent and Disputes ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Hypothyroidism ; Plasma* ; Risk Factors ; Thyroid Gland* ; Triglycerides

No abstract available.
Apolipoprotein C-II* ; Apolipoproteins* ; Hep G2 Cells* ; RNA, Messenger*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The relationship between short-term hypothyroidism due to levothyroxine (LT4) withdrawal for radioactive iodine (RI) therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and risk of cardiovascular disease is not clear. In this study, we evaluated the impact of short-term overt hypothyroidism on lipid profiles and cardiovascular parameters in patients with DTC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited 195 patients with DTC who were preparing RI therapy from March 2008 to February 2012. We analyzed the effect of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level on the clinical, biochemical, and cardiovascular risk markers at the end of LT4 withdrawal protocol (P2). RESULTS: After LT4 withdrawal (P2), TSH and total cholesterol (TC) levels were significantly increased (p<0.005). After adjustment for multiple factors such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM), the positive relationship between TSH and TC remained significant (p=0.04). Mean levels of homocysteine, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride were increased. However, levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, cystatin C, C-reactive protein, apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1), lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]), aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, uric acid remained within normal range. Splitting the whole cohort into the three different age groups, serum Apo B, Lp(a) levels and BMI increased with increasing age (p<0.05). And splitting into three different TSH level groups (1st group; <79 microIU/mL, 2nd group; 79-121 microIU/mL, 3rd group; >121 microIU/mL), all values did not have a statistical significant meaning except Apo A1. CONCLUSION: Short-term hypothyroidism induced worsening of lipid metabolic parameters, but not enough to induce the cardiovascular risk in patients with thyroid cancer.
Alanine Transaminase ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; Apolipoproteins ; Apolipoproteins B ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Bilirubin ; Body Mass Index ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Cohort Studies ; Cystatin C ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Homocysteine ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypothyroidism ; Iodine* ; Lipoprotein(a) ; Reference Values ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyrotropin ; Thyroxine ; Triglycerides ; Uric Acid