Apolipoprotein A-I ; blood ; Apolipoprotein B-100 ; blood ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Coronary Artery Disease ; blood ; Humans

This study was aimed to observe if the lipid profiles, apoprotein B100 (ApoB100), ApoAI, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and its subclasses could be improved by controlling the blood glucose. Fifty-three patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic were divided into four groups, diet and exercise group (n = 13), continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) group (n = 14), multiple daily insulin injection group (MDI, n = 13), and oral hypoglycaemic agents group (n = 13). Fasting blood glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profiles, ApoB100, ApoAI and HDL subclasses were measured at beginning and a month later. Forty-three patients finished the testing. The levels of FPG, HbA1c, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and ApoB100 were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in all groups, and ApoAI/ApoB100 increased obviously (P < 0.05). Comparatively matured HDL subclasses such as HDL2b were increased (P < 0.05), and comparatively infantile HDL subclasses such as HDL3b were decreased (P < 0.05). Therapy with hyperglycemic agents improved TG, TC, LDL-C, ApoB100, ApoAI/ApoB100, and HDL2b significantly (P < 0.05), but intervention with the diet and exercise group alone did not improve lipid profiles, apolipoproteins, and HDL subclasses (P > 0.05). Meanwhile, therapy with insulin intensive therapy (MDI, CSII) group had the most powerful effect on decreasing ApoB100 concentration (P < 0.05). The results suggested that lipid profiles, apolipoproteins, and quantity and quality of HDL subclasses might be improved by blood glucose controlling.
Adult ; Aged ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; blood ; Apolipoprotein B-100 ; blood ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; classification ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged

The purpose of this study was investigating serum lipid, apolipoprotein levels and their correlations in healthy adults of Gyeongnam area. The BMI (body mass index) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in male (25.2 +/- 2.7 kg/m2) than female (23.8 +/- 1.5 kg/m2), however PBF (percent body fat) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in female (29.6 +/- 4.3%) than male (22.7 +/- 5.0%). The WHR (waist to hip ratio) and blood pressure in the groups showed there was no significant differences. The levels of serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in male (208.7 +/- 27.7 mg/dl, 129.0 +/- 26.9 mg/dl, 1.0 +/- 0.2 g/L) than female (193.6 +/- 29.1 mg/dl, 112.5 +/- 29.5 mg/dl, 0.9 +/- 0.2 g/L, but HDL-cholesterol level was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in female (54.9 +/- 6.6 mg/dl) than male (49.9 +/- 7.3 mg/dl). The LDL-C/HDL-C, Apo B/Apo A-I and AI (atherogenic index) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in male (2.6 +/- 0.6, 0.8 +/- 0.2, 3.3 +/- 0.7) than female (2.1 +/- 0.5, 0.6 +/- 0.2, 2.6 +/- 0.5). The triglyceride level was positively correlated with apolipoprotein B concentration (p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol concentration (p < 0.05), however no significant correlation was found with apolipoprotein A-I. According to these results, we conclude that male adults are expecting higher incidence of cardiovascular disease than female adults and we suggest the serum triglyceride should be kept normal level for the prevention of these diseases.
Adult* ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; Apolipoproteins* ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Triglycerides

OBJECTIVETo investigate the possible effects of apolipoprotein A1 gene (APOA1) rs670 and rs5069 polymorphisms on plasma lipid profiles in healthy adolescents with different body mass index (BMI).

METHODSTotally 723 adolescents were divided into four groups according to their BMI: group 1[BMI =(17.80 ± 0.75)kg/m2], group 2[BMI = (19.39 ± 0.32) kg/m²], group 3[BMI = (20.68 ± 0.43) kg/m²], and group 4[BMI=(23.40 ± 2.05) kg/m²]. Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure, heart rate, plasma lipids, and blood glucose were determined, BMI and waist to hip ratio (W/H ratio) were calculated,and genome DNA was extracted for analyzing the genotypes of the APOA1 rs670 and rs5069 polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.

RESULTSNo significant differences in height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, W/H ratio, blood pressure, heart rate, plasma lipids, and blood glucose between APOA1 rs670 or rs5069 genotypes were observed among group 1, group 2, and group 3. In group 4, A carriers of the rs670 polymorphism had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (P=0.017) and blood glucose levels (P=0.009) than the adolescents with the GG genotype. T carriers of the rs5069 polymorphism had significantly higher height (P=0.013), weight (P=0.011), and hip circumference (P=0.026) than the adolescents with the CC genotype.

CONCLUSIONSIn healthy adolescents with higher BMI, APOA1 rs670 polymorphism is associated with systolic blood pressure and blood glucose levels. The elevation of systolic blood pressure and blood glucose levels in A carriers of APOA1 rs670 polymorphism may be favorably modulated by weight loss.

Adolescent ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; genetics ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo find a potential link among ABO blood group, lipid profiles and coronary artery disease (CAD) and to estimate the effect size of connection using mediation analysis model.

METHODSA total of 898 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography were enrolled, and divided into CAD group and non-CAD group according to angiographic findings. According to ABO blood group, patients were divided into O blood group and non-O blood group, as well as A blood group and non-A blood group. Baseline characteristics among various groups were compared and the association of ABO blood group, CAD and lipid profile was explored.

RESULTSSubjects of blood type A had higher concentration of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) compared with that of non-A type (TC: (4.43 ± 1.12) mmol/L vs. (4.18 ± 1.09) mmol/L, LDL-C: (2.79 ± 0.99) mmo/L vs. (2.59 ± 1.01) mmol/L, all P < 0.01). TC and LDL-C were significantly higher while high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and ApoA I levels were significantly lower in CAD group than in non-CAD group (TC: (4.36 ± 1.05) mmol/L vs. (4.13 ± 1.16) mmol/L, LDL-C: (2.61 ± 0.87) mmol/L vs. (2.47 ± 0.94) mmol/L; ApoA I: (1.38 ± 0.29) mmol/L vs. (1.45 ± 0.33) mmol/L; all P < 0.01). After adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, blood group A and TC remained significantly associated with the risk of CAD (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.280-2.774, P < 0.01; OR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.018-1.033, P < 0.01, respectively). Specially, mediation analysis indicated that 10.5% of the effect of A blood group on CAD was mediated by TC levels (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONOur data indicate that there is an association between ABO blood group, TC levels and risk of CAD. Around 10.5% of the effect of A blood group on CAD is mediated by TC levels.

Apolipoprotein A-I ; blood ; Blood Group Antigens ; blood ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; blood ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of a high-carbohydrate diet on the lipid and apolipoprotein ratios in healthy young adults with different genotypes of the polymorphism at -75 site in the promoter region of the gene of apolipoprotein AI (APOA1).

METHODSFifty-six subjects aged (22.89 +/- 1.80) years were given a wash-out diet for 7 days, followed by a high-carbohydrate diet for 6 days. The wash-out diet contained 15% protein, 31% fat, and 54% carbohydrate. The high-carbohydrate diet contained 15% protein, 15% fat, and 70% carbohydrate. Twelve-hour fasting serum lipids and apolipoproteins B100 and AI were measured on the mornings of the 1st, the 8th, and the 14th days from the beginning of the wash-out diet. The ratios of triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C, and apolipoprotein B100 (APOB100)/apolipoprotein AI (APOAI) were calculated. The genome DNA was extracted and the polymorphism of APOA1 -75 G/A was determined by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism assay.

RESULTSAt baseline, the lipid and apolipoprotein ratios showed no significant differences between the GG genotype and the A carriers in males (P > 0.05), whereas the female A carriers had a significantly higher ratio of LDL-C/ HDL-C compared with the female subjects with the GG genotype (P < 0.05). Following the high-carbohydrate diet, significant decreases of TC/HDL-C were found in all the groups, regardless of sex and genotype (P < 0.01). LDL-C/HDL-C experienced significant decreases in both the genotypes in males (P < 0.05), while in females, significant decrease of LDL-C/HDL-C was only observed in A carriers (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe A allele of the -75 G/A polymorphism in APOA1 may have specific effects on the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio in females.

Adult ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; genetics ; Apolipoproteins ; blood ; Dietary Carbohydrates ; metabolism ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Young Adult

The work was aimed to investigate the differential expressions of lipid metabolism related genes in the early stage of atherosclerosis in the young apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice at different ages with normal chow diet. The genotypes of mice were identified by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multi-PCR) analysis. The semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time quantitative RT-PCR were used to analyze the expressions of lipid metabolism related genes in the liver of apoE(-/-) and age-matched wild type (WT) mice of 14-day old, 1-month old, 2-month old, 3-month old. The serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) contents were assayed using COD-PAP and GPO-PAP methods. The serum apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) content was quantitated by immune turbidimetry. The hearts were perfusion-fixed in 4% formaldehyde, infiltrated with 30% gum sucrose for 24 h at 4 °C, and embedded in OCT compound. The aortic sinus tissues were serially sectioned at -15 °C, stained with Sudan IV, and counterstained with light green. The results were shown as follows. Compared with that in WT mice, the mRNA levels of apoA I and apoA IV in apoE(-/-) mice aged from 14-day old to 3-month old changed prominently (P<0.05), with apoA I up-regulated and apoA IV down-regulated. At the age of 1 month, the expression of apoB100 in apoE(-/-) mice was higher than that in WT mice (P<0.05). The expression of apoA V was up-regulated (P<0.05) and there was obvious lipid deposition in the aortic intima in apoE(-/-) mice at the age of 2 months. The expressions of fatty acid translocase (Fat/CD36) and angiopoietin-like protein 3 (Angptl 3) in apoE(-/-) mice were higher than those in WT mice at the age of 3 months (P<0.05), while the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), liver X receptor α (LXRα), carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (CPT I) and acyl coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) showed no significant changes. The serum TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C contents in apoE(-/-) mice aged from 14-day old to 3-month old were higher than those in age-matched WT mice. apoE(-/-) mice showed a marked increase in serum apoB100 content, consistent with the trend of serum LDL-C content and apoB100 mRNA content in the liver. The results suggest that the mRNA expressions of apoA I, apoA IV, apoA V, apoB100 and Angptl 3 in apoE(-/-) mice change significantly compared with those in WT mice, and these genes might be relevant to the complicated lipid metabolism network, and involved in the early stage of atherogenesis.
Animals ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; metabolism ; Apolipoprotein B-100 ; blood ; Apolipoproteins A ; metabolism ; Apolipoproteins E ; genetics ; Atherosclerosis ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; Lipid Metabolism ; genetics ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; blood ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; Liver ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Triglycerides ; blood

BACKGROUNDHigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are a strong, independent inverse predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD). In this cross-sectional study we investigated the interrelationships between HDL-C and HDL related factors apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and serum amyloid A (SAA) and the presence and extent of CHD in a population of Chinese patients with CHD.

METHODSTwo hundred and twenty-four consecutive patients took part in this study. Demographic data were obtained from hospital records. Serum chemical concentrations were measured by standard laboratory methods.

RESULTSThe concentrations of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (median: 1.85 mg/L) and SAA (median: 9.40 mg/L) were significantly higher in the CHD group (P < 0.05), while concentrations of HDL-C ((1.03 +/- 0.25) mmol/L) and apoA-I ((604.59 +/- 105.79) mmol/L) were significantly lower than those in the non-CHD group (P < 0.05). The concentrations of apoA-I decreased with the increase in vascular damage, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. However, the concentrations of hsCRP and SAA increased with the increase in vascular damage. The unadjusted odd ratios (ORs) (CI) for apoA-I and SAA of the presence of CHD were 0.093 (0.990 - 0.997) (P = 0.00) and 2.571 (1.029 - 6.424) (P < 0.05), respectively. The association between elevated SAA and the presence of CHD was lost after adjusting for lipid status parameter concentrations. The associations between apoA-I, SAA and the extent of CHD remained strong, regardless of confounding variables.

CONCLUSIONSIncreased concentrations of SAA represent the inflammatory marker of the extent of coronary stenosis in patients with CHD. In contrast to SAA, the level of apoA-I was also associated with the presence of CHD, indicating that apoA-I was not only a marker of CHD presence but also a quantitative indicator of CHD extent. In short, determining the change apolipoprotein content within HDL particle is a more accurate and effective method to evaluate the impact of HDL on CHD.

Adult ; Aged ; Apolipoprotein A-I ; blood ; Biomarkers ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Coronary Disease ; blood ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Serum Amyloid A Protein ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo determine whether blood lipids profile, fibrinogen and viscosity were associated with passive smoking (i. e. environmental tobacco smoke, ETS) in Chinese women who never smoke.

METHODSIn Xi'an, China, a case-control study was carried out on 115 cases of coronary heart disease (CHD) defined by coronary arteriography (CAG) and 208 non-CHD controls confirmed by CAG and/or exercise electrocardiography. Data on exposure to ETS, defined as exposure from cigarettes smoking husband or co-workers or both for at least 5 years, was obtained through standardized interviews. Standard laboratory methods were used and the lipid measurements were under US CDC quality control programs.

RESULTSIn the subjects defined by CAG, the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL2C, apolipoprotein (apo) A1 among passive smokers appeared lower than those in non-passive smokers,but the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apoB, apoB/A1, fibrinogen, plasma and whole blood viscosity were higher than that in non-passive smokers. There were positive associations of the numbers of coronary arteriosclerosis with the levels of blood lipids,fibrinogen and viscosity. In the non-CHD controls, 81 subjects were not exposed and 127 were exposed to ETS. The P values of t-test for the adjusted (for age, body mass index, present diseases history) means between two groups were listed below: 0.06 (total cholesterol), 0.30 (triglyceride), 0.004 (HDL-C), <0.001 (HDL2-C), < 0.001 (apoA1), 0.009 (apoB), <0.001 (apoB/apoA1), <0.001 (fibrinogen), <0.001 (plasma viscosity), <0.001 and 0.004 [two measures (5.75/s and 230/s) of whole blood viscosity]. The correlation coefficients between cumulative exposure of passive smoking and HDL-C,HDL2-C,apoA1, apoB, apoB/apoA1, fibrinogen, plasma viscosity, and two measures of whole blood viscosity were -0.25, -0.27, -0.30, 0.24, 0.31, 0.32, 0.43, 0.51 and 0.36 (all P<0.01), respectively.

CONCLUSIONPassive smoking could affect blood lipid metabolism, fibrinogen and viscosity in the never smoking women which might contribute to the causation of coronary heart disease.

Apolipoprotein A-I ; blood ; Blood Viscosity ; drug effects ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Coronary Disease ; etiology ; Female ; Fibrinogen ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship among -75 bp/+83 bp polymorphism in apolipoprotein A1 (apo A1) gene, lipids levels and the occurrence of coronary atherosclerosis disease (CAD).

METHODSWe determined distributions of two MspI polymorphisms of the apo A1 gene at -75 bp and +83 bp, and blood lipids levels among 137 Chinese patients (92 with CAD and 45 in the control group) in relation to circulating lipids and coronary angiography.

RESULTSThe demographic information for 137 subjects showed that subjects with CAD tended to have more unfavorable lipoprotein variables. Genotype distributions at both sites were different between the CAD and control groups. Furthermore, the control group had higher M1-/M2- frequencies than the CAD group (M1: P < 0.005; M2: P < 0.05) and the "M1-" (A) and "M2-" alleles were associated with increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (M1-: P < 0.0001; M2-: P < 0.05) and apo A1 (M1-: P < 0.0001; M2-: P < 0.05) levels. "M1-" and "M2-" were significantly negatively correlated with CAD (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively).

CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that changes from G to A at the -75 bp site and from C to T or G to A at the +83 bp site do increase circulating levels of apo A1 and HDL-C. And those individuals with these changes are likely to have a lower risk of developing CAD.

Apolipoprotein A-I ; blood ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Coronary Artery Disease ; blood ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic