INTRODUCTION: Data on patients with small aortic annuli (SAA) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are limited. We aim to describe the impact of aortic annular size, particularly SAA and TAVI valve type on valve haemodynamics, durability and clinical outcomes. METHOD: All patients in National Heart Centre Singapore who underwent transfemoral TAVI for severe symptomatic native aortic stenosis from July 2012 to December 2019 were included. Outcome measures include valve haemodynamics, prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM), structural valve degeneration (SVD) and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 244 patients were included. The mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons score was 6.22±6.08, with 52.5% patients with small aortic annulus (<23mm), 33.2% patients with medium aortic annulus (23-26mm) and 14.3% patients with large aortic annulus (>26mm). There were more patients with self-expanding valve (SEV) (65.2%) versus balloon-expandable valve (BEV) (34.8%). There were no significant differences in indexed aortic valve area (iAVA), mean pressure gradient (MPG), PPM, SVD or mortality across all aortic annular sizes. However, specific to the SAA group, patients with SEV had larger iAVA (SEV 1.19±0.35cm2/m2 vs BEV 0.88±0.15cm2/m2, P<0.01) and lower MPG (SEV 9.25±4.88 mmHg vs BEV 14.17±4.75 mmHg, P<0.01) at 1 year, without differences in PPM or mortality. Aortic annular size, TAVI valve type and PPM did not predict overall mortality up to 7 years. There was no significant difference in SVD between aortic annular sizes up to 5 years. CONCLUSION Valve haemodynamics and durability were similar across the different aortic annular sizes. In the SAA group, SEV had better haemodynamics than BEV at 1 year, but no differences in PPM or mortality. There were no significant differences in mortality between aortic annular sizes, TAVI valve types or PPM.
Humans ; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery* ; Aortic Valve/surgery* ; Prosthesis Design ; Postoperative Complications/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Hemodynamics

Coronary ostial stenosis after aortic valve replacement (AVR) is a rare but life-threatening complication. Here, we report a case of right coronary artery ostial stenosis in a patient who had a history of re-do AVR and normal preoperative coronary angiographic findings. The patient was successfully treated with a drug-eluting stent.
Aortic Valve Stenosis ; Aortic Valve* ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Humans ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Postoperative Complications

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the early and long-term outcomes of surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) in elderly patients in the era of transcatheter aortic valve implantation. METHODS: Between 2001 and 2018, 94 patients aged ≥75 years underwent isolated AVR with stented bioprosthetic valves for aortic valve stenosis (AS). The main etiologies of AS were degenerative (n=63) and bicuspid (n=21). The median follow-up duration was 40.7 months (range, 0.6–174 months). RESULTS: Operative mortality occurred in 2 patients (2.1%) and paravalvular leak occurred in 1 patient. No patients required permanent pacemaker insertion after surgery. Late death occurred in 11 patients. The overall survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 87.2% and 65.1%, respectively. The rates of freedom from valve-related events at 5 and 10 years were 94.5% and 88.6%, respectively. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score (p=0.013) and chronic kidney disease (p=0.030) were significant factors affecting long-term survival. The minimal p-value approach demonstrated that an STS score of 3.5% was the most suitable cut-off value for predicting long-term survival. CONCLUSION: Surgical AVR for elderly AS patients may be feasible in terms of early mortality and postoperative complications, particularly paravalvular leak and permanent pacemaker insertion. The STS score and chronic kidney disease were associated with long-term outcomes after AVR in the elderly.
Aged* ; Aortic Valve Stenosis* ; Aortic Valve* ; Bicuspid ; Follow-Up Studies ; Freedom ; Humans ; Mortality ; Postoperative Complications ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Stents ; Surgeons ; Survival Rate ; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Humans ; Female ; Coronary Artery Disease/complications* ; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/complications* ; Aortic Valve Stenosis/etiology* ; Treatment Outcome

Adolescent ; Aortic Valve ; abnormalities ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Aortic Valve Stenosis ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Child ; Endocarditis ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Humans ; Male ; Rheumatic Heart Disease ; complications ; pathology ; surgery

Aged, 80 and over ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic ; complications ; surgery ; Aortic Valve Stenosis ; complications ; surgery ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Endovascular Procedures ; Humans ; Male ; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

OBJECTIVES: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a common comorbidity in patients with degenerative aortic stenosis (AS).As a key item of the American Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score, it has a vital impact on the clinical prognosis of traditional thoracic surgery. T2DM has an adverse effect on the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. At the same time, studies have shown that T2DM are associated with myocardial hypertrophy and remodeling, decreased left ventricular function, and worsening heart failure symptoms in the AS patients. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) as an interventional method to replace the aortic valve has better safety for middle and high risk patients in surgery, but the impact of T2DM on the clinical outcome of TAVR in AS patients is not clear.By analyzing the clinical and image characteristics of patients with AS and T2DM who received TAVR treatment, so as to explore the effect of T2DM on the perioperative complications and prognosis of TAVR. METHODS: A total of 100 consecutive patients with severe AS, who underwent TAVR treatment and were followed up for more than 1 month, were selectedin the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2016 to December 2020.Among them, 5 patients who were treated with TAVR due to simple severe aortic regurgitation were not included, therefore a total of 95 patients with severe aortic stenosis were enrolled in this study.The age of the patients was (72.7±4.8) years old, and there were 58 males (61.1%), and the patients with moderate or above aortic regurgitation had 30 cases (31.6%). The patients were divided into a diabetic group and a non-diabetic group according to whether they were combined with T2DM.There was no statistical difference in age, gender, body mass index (BMI), STS score, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) cardiac function classification between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). The primary end point was defined as a composite event consisting of all-cause death and stroke one month after surgery, and the secondary end point was defined as TAVR-related complications immediately after surgery and one month after surgery.The preoperative clinical data, cardiac ultrasound data, CT data, postoperative medication and the incidence of each endpoint event were compared between the 2 groups.The predictive model of adverse events was constructed by single factor and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Compared with the non-diabetic group, the diabetic group had high blood pressure and chronic renal insufficiency.There was no significant difference in preoperative ultrasound echocardiography between the 2 groups. Preoperative CT evaluation found that the anatomical structure of the aortic root in the diabetic group was smaller than that in the non-diabetic group, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of bicuspid aortic valve between the 2 groups (all P<0.05). In terms of postoperative medication, the use of statins in the diabetes group was significantly higher than that in the non-diabetic group. In the diabetes group, 6 patients (37.5%) received insulin therapy, and 9 patients (56.3%) received oral medication alone.Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the all-cause death and stroke compound events was increased in the diabetes group in 30 days after TAVR (OR=6.86; 95% CI: 2.14 to 21.79; P<0.01). Heart disease (OR=2.80; 95% CI: 0.99 to 7.88; P<0.05) and chronic renal insufficiency (OR=3.75; 95% CI: 1.24 to 11.34; P<0.05) were also risk factors for all-cause death and stroke compound events.In a multivariate analysis, after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, comorbidities, N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), total calcification score, ejection fraction, and degree of aortic regurgitation, T2DM was still a risk factor for all-cause death and stroke compound events in 30 days after TAVR (OR=12.68; 95% CI: 1.76 to 91.41; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS T2DM is a risk factor for short-term poor prognosis in patients with symptomatic severe AS after TAVR treatment. T2DM should play an important role in the future construction of the TAVR surgical risk assessment system, but the conclusions still need to be further verified by long-term follow-up of large-scale clinical studies.
Aged ; Aortic Valve/surgery* ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency/surgery* ; Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications* ; Risk Factors ; Severity of Illness Index ; Stroke ; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/methods* ; Treatment Outcome ; United States

Isolated left ventricular (LV) apical hypoplasia is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly which is not accompanied by other cardiac abnormalities, with the exception of two cases. We report a case of a 33-year-old male patient with isolated LV apical hypoplasia combined with infundibular pulmonary stenosis and aortic stenosis. We review a literature focusing on the characteristic magnetic resonance features and combined cardiac abnormalities.
Adult ; Aortic Valve Stenosis/*complications/diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome/*complications/diagnosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine ; Male ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis/*complications/diagnosis

Aortic Valve Stenosis ; complications ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Syncope ; diagnosis ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of reduction aortoplasty for dilatation of the ascending aorta in patients with aortic valve disease.

METHODSBetween February 1998 and May 2004, 23 patients with aortic valve disease and dilatation of the ascending aorta underwent reduction aortoplasty in combination with aortic valve replacement. The diameter of the ascending aorta was measured before and early after surgery and then later between 4 and 78 months [mean (36 +/- 25) months] postoperatively using echocardiography.

RESULTSThe reduction aortoplasty decreased the diameter of the aorta from (4.8 +/- 0.5) cm preoperatively to (3.6 +/- 0.4) cm early after surgery (P < 0.01). During follow-up, the diameter of aorta increased from (3.6 +/- 0.4) cm early after surgery to (3.7 +/- 0.4) cm after a mean follow-up of (36 +/- 25) months (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONReduction aortoplasty shows good mid-term results in patients with aortic valve disease and dilatation of the ascending aorta. Long-term results need to be followed up.

Adult ; Aged ; Angioplasty ; methods ; Aorta ; surgery ; Aortic Diseases ; complications ; surgery ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; complications ; surgery ; Aortic Valve Stenosis ; complications ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome