1.Investigation and Analysis on the Implementation of Informed Consent of Self-expensed Medical Expenses in Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment
Jiaying ZHU ; Jinwen REN ; Chunxia MO ; Jianmiao ZHONG ; Aonan SU
Chinese Medical Ethics 2019;32(3):363-366
Objective: To investigate and analyze the performance of informed consent of self-expense medical expenses by medical staff. Methods: By using stratified random method, a sample of 480 medical records of medical insurance patients was selected from 40 wards of a third class A hospital in Zhejiang province in 2016. Combined with semi-open questionnaire, the performance of medical staff was investigated to do informed consent of self-expense medical expenses. Results: In general, the rate of informed consent was low, and only the rate of informing bed fee was over 70%. Medical staff thought that the effective performance of informed consent was affected by many factors, such as subjective and objective factors. Conclusion: There are still some problems in the performance of informed consent of self-expense medical expenses. It is necessary to take multi-party linkage and multi-measures interventions to improve the rate of informed consent.
2.In vitro oral simulation evaluation of palatability and chewability of chewable tablets
Aonan ZHONG ; Conghui LI ; Zengming WANG ; Xiaolu HAN ; Hui ZHANG ; Nan LIU ; He ZHANG ; Jintao LIN ; Chunyan LIU ; Aiping ZHENG
China Pharmacy 2024;35(14):1708-1714
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the palatability and chewability of chewable tablets, and provide reference for the quality evaluation of various types of chewable tablets. METHODS Using self-made Glucosamine hydrochloride chewable tablets as the model drug, the quality test was conducted. The in vitro simulation system for chewable tablets was established by using a texture analyzer and rheometer, and an oral simulation experiment was conducted on chewable tablets. The texture analyzer was used to measure the force required for chewing and simulate the static disintegration process of chewable tablets; the rheometer was adopted to measure the viscoelasticity, thixotropy, and deformability of chewable tablets during the chewing process. RESULTS The disintegration time limit, principal component content, and dissolution of self-made Glucosamine hydrochloride chewable tablets all met the limit requirements. The in vitro simulation results of the texture analyzer showed that self-made chewable tablets were easy to chew in both axial and radial directions, and the force required for chewing was within the range of the chewing force of the teeth; chewable tablets could disintegrate at an appropriate time without being chewed and only taken in the oral cavity. The in vitro simulation results of the rheometer showed that the chewable tablets in the oral cavity exhibited a behavior of elasticity as the main factor and viscosity as the secondary factor through the continuous stirring of the tongue, and the viscosity of the chewable tablets gradually decreased with tongue stirring or tooth chewing; when chewing with teeth, the internal force of the chewing tablets decreased, causing plastic deformation and crushing. After being crushed, the shape couldn’t be restored, making it easy to chew and swallow. CONCLUSIONS The combination of texture analyzer and rheometer can be used to simulate the oral chewing process and evaluate the palatability and chewability of self-made Glucosamine hydrochloride chewable tablets. This model can provide reference for the evaluation of various chewable tablets.