The deep fermentation technique of Tricholoma matsutake is systemically studied in this paper firstly. The best culture determined by orthogonal test is 3g/L of cornflour, 1g/L of glucose, 1g/L of bean cake flour, 1mL/L of corn steep liquid, 1g/L of KH 2PO 4. The best fermenting condition is: 25℃, rotating speed 160 r/min, pH5.0,inoculating amount 10%, 120mL culture medium per 500mL flask. Under these conditions, the mycelia reach 12.94g/L after fermenting 12d.

To analyze naringin, naringenin and its metabolites in rat urine and feces after intragastric administration of alcohol extract of Exocarpium Citri Grandis, healthy SD rats were fed with alcohol extract of Exocarpium Citri Grandis for 3 days. On the last day, 0-24 h feces and 0-4 h, 4-8 h, 8-24 h urine were collected and analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. The post-acquisition data were processed using Metabolynx The result is that naringin and its 6 metabolites, naringenin and its 4 metabolites were detected in the urine of rat. Meanwhile, naringin and its 3 metabolites, naringenin and its 2 metabolites were detected in the feces of rat.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Citrus ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Feces ; chemistry ; Flavanones ; metabolism ; urine ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

Objective To assess the methodological quality of Meta-analyses on papers published in Chinese journals regarding studies on genetic association.Methods Meta-analyses of genetic association study published in Chinese journals up to December 2012 had been searched through on 4 Chinese electronic databases (China biomedicine database,CNKI,Wanfang database and VIP Information).Articles independently selected by both two researchers under definite inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study (with consultation on a third researcher if inconsistent opinions existed).A Measurement Tool for the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) checklist was used to evaluate the methodological quality together with the methodological quality score being calculated.Results Totally,440 articles were included in this study,with mean score of the methodological quality score (maximum score is 11) as 5.77.Among the 440 articles,none had met the requirement of total 11 items in AMSTAR,with 89.5％ and 38.6％ of them had a priori design or duplicate study selection and data extraction.72.7％ of them performed a comprehensive literature search and 14.8％ included studies regardless of their publication status.10.9％ and 92.5％ of them provided a list of including or excluding studies or stated characteristics of the included ones.32.0％ of them assessed the scientific quality of those included studies,with 50.0％ of them mentioned their qualities when formulating the conclusions.93.2％ of them used appropriate methods to combine data while 82.3％ assessed the likelihood of publication bias.0.5％ of them declared the conflict of interests.Conclusion Our results from Meta-analyses showed an acceptable quality regarding their methodology related to genetic association on papers being published in Chinese journals.Improvement is needed especially on aspects as:selection of studies,data extraction,publication status with list of inclusion and exclusion,quality assessment and declaration on conflict of interests,etc.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of the single and mixed decoction of Thallus laminariae (kelp) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) on the metabolism and their difference. The mixed decoction of kelp and licorice and the single decoction were made and intragastrically administered to the SD rats. The effect on system metabolism, the toxicity of liver and kidney were assessed by GC-MS profiling of the endogenous molecules in serum, routine biochemical assays and histographic inspection of tissues from SD rats, separately. The mixed decoction of kelp and licorice induced more obvious pathological abnormalities in SD rats than a single decoction of kelp, while the extracts of licorice did not show any pathological change. Neither the mixed, nor the single decoction showed abnormal histopathology. After intragastric administration of extracts for 5 days, the mixed decoction induced a decrease of ALT (no significant change in the groups of single decoction) and an increase of BUN (so did the single decoction of kelp). Metabolomic profile of the molecules in serum revealed that the metabolic patterns were all obviously affected for the three groups, i.e., the mixed and single decoction of kelp and licorice. The rats given with the single decoction of kelp showed a similar pattern to that of the mixed decoction, indicating that the kelp primarily contributed the perturbation of metabolism for the mixed decoction. All three groups induced a decrease of branched chain amino acids, TCA cycle intermediates and glycolysis intermediates (e.g., pyruvic acid and lactic acid) and an increase of 3-hydroxybutyric acid. Kelp decoction showed stronger potential in reducing TCA cycle intermediates and glycolysis intermediates than the other two groups, while the levels of branched chain amino acids were the lowest after licorice extracts were given. These results suggested that the effect of the mixed decoction on metabolism was closely associated with both kelp and licorice. The continuous administration of single decoction of kelp and the mixed decoction of licorice and kelp resulted in pathological abnormalities in kidney of SD rats. The mixed decoction of kelp and licorice distinctly perturbed sera molecules and hence system metabolism, which showed associated with those of kelp and licorice. Although the metabolic effect was associated with both kelp and licorice, the results suggested kelp contributed to it primarily.
Animals ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; Kelp ; chemistry ; Kidney ; drug effects ; Liver ; drug effects ; Metabolomics ; Plant Preparations ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

ObjectiveWe explored the protective effects of coenzyme Q₁₀ （CoQ₁₀） on hydrogen peroxide （H₂O₂）-induced platelet mitochondrial dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms. MethodsPeripheral venous blood from healthy volunteers was collected to prepare gel-filtered platelet suspension. Gel-filtered platelets were incubated with 100 μmol/L CoQ₁₀ for 50 min followed by 30 min incubation with H₂O₂ （n≥3 per group）. Mitochondrial membrane potential， phosphatidylserine （PS） exposure ratio and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species （mtROS） were measured by flow cytometry. Concentrations of total cellular ROS and ATP were measured by microplate reader. The phosphorylation level of platelet protein p53 and expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL were detected by Western blot. ResultsIn resting platelets， CoQ₁₀ had no effect on mitochondrial function （mitochondrial membrane potential， PS exposure positive rate， intracellular ROS， mtROS， ATP levels， P>0.05）. In the oxidative stress model， H₂O₂ significantly decreased platelet mitochondrial membrane potential and increase PS exposure in platelets. CoQ₁₀ significantly inhibited the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential induced by H₂O₂ ［（35.76%±3.94）% vs. （21.04%±1.69）%，P <0.05］， without inhibitory effect on PS exposure （P >0.05）. Further mechanism study found that CoQ₁₀ directly inhibited the production of ROS and mtROS induced by H₂O₂ （P<0.05）， reduced the phosphorylation level of p53 and increased Bcl-2 family expression level （P<0.05） while having no effect on ATP content decrease （P>0.05）. ConclusionCoQ₁₀ inhibits H₂O₂-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in platelets， by reducing p53 phosphorylation and increasing the expression of Bcl-2 family survival protein.

Osteosarcoma （OS） is the most common primary malignant bone tumor originating from mesenchymal stem cells， which features high degree of malignancy， strong invasiveness， easy early metastasis， and high recurrence rate. The clinical manifestations of OS are pain， local mass， limited movement， and pathological fracture. OS mainly occurs in children， adolescents， and the elderly， seriously threatening physical and mental health of patients， as well as their quality of life. The currently available therapies for OS are surgery， chemoradiotherapy， and the combination of the two. Although the therapeutic effect has been improved， tumor recurrence and metastasis and multidrug resistance still occur. Thus， the therapeutic effect is not satisfactory， especially in improving the overall survival rate of patients with metastatic OS. As a result， clinicians and researchers have been making efforts to find an effective therapy. In recent years， the mechanism of curcumin （CUR） against OS has attracted wide attention. CUR， a pigment extracted from the rhizomes or tubers of many plants， such as Curcuma longa， C. rcenyujin， and C. phaeocaulis， has a variety of pharmacological effects. Scholars have found that CUR has the effects of inhibiting proliferation， inducing apoptosis， and reversing multidrug resistance （MDR） of tumor cells， but also it has poor water solubility and low bioavailability， which limit the clinical application. This paper mainly discusses the mechanism of CUR against OS， the existing problems， new treatment methods， and future research directions， which is expected to provide new ideas for scientific researchers and provide a reference for the development and utilization of CUR in the future.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of functional connectivity of brain pain-emotion regulation region in patients with cervical spondylosis of cervical type by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS: Thirty-two subjects were selected. Of them, 16 patients with cervical spondylosis of cervical type were divided into an observation group and 16 healthy subjects into a control group. The patients in the observation group were treated with acupuncture at Tianzhu (BL 10), Jingbailao (EX-HN 15), Jianzhongshu (SI 15) and RESULTS: In the observation group, the VAS score was (1.94±1.12) after the treatment, which was lower than (5.62±1.20) before treatment ( CONCLUSION Pain involves the formation and expression of "pain-emotion-cognition". Acupuncture can systematically regulate the brain functional connections between cognitive regions such as dorsal prefrontal lobe and anterior cingulate gyrus and emotional regions such as insula and VTA in patients with cervical spondylosis of cervical type, suggesting that acupuncture has a multi-dimensional and comprehensive regulation effect on pain.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Brain/diagnostic imaging* ; Emotions ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pain ; Spondylosis/therapy*

Robotics ; Robotic Surgical Procedures ; Kidney Transplantation

China ; Humans ; Otolaryngology

Xin-Sheng-Hua granule (XSHG) is a popular remedy commonly used in clinic for the treatment of lochiostasis after delivery. To comparatively investigate the roles of herb pairs containing Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui) upon the formula by evaluating the blood coagulation and hemorheology function in acute blood stasis rats, acute blood stasis rat model was established by ice water bath and subcutaneous injection of adrenaline. And the blood stasis mice were administrated intragastrically with different samples of the formula minus herb pairs containing Danggui and the whole formula (XSHG, SHD, DY, DC, DT, DH, DJ and DZ). The whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma viscosity (PV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and haematocrit (HCT) were applied to evaluate the effects of the formula minus herb pairs containing Danggui on hemorheology of blood stasis rats. The thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and plasma fibrinogen (FIB) were used to observe the effects of the formula minus herb pairs containing Danggui on blood coagulation function of blood stasis rats. Additionally, the maximum aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was tested to observe the effect of different samples on platelet aggregation index of blood stasis rats.Afterwards, multi-attribute comprehensive index methods and principal component analysis were both applied to comprehensively assess the total effects of the formula minus herb pairs containing Danggui on promoting blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis. Compared with normal group, the hemorheological parameters and coagulation indexes of model group had statistical differences (P<0.01). Compared with model group, different samples (XSHG, SHD, DY, DC, DT, DH, DJ and DZ) could improve the blood hemorheology indexes, coagulation parameters and platelet aggregation in acute blood stasis rats. According to multi-attribute comprehensive index methods and the principal component analysis, the effects of promoting blood circulation by removing blood stasis became poor when excluding herb pairs containing Danggui from the formula, the sample DY and DC had the weakest effect of activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis, and the effect of sample DY was slightly poorer than DC. The orders of contribution of herb pairs containing Danggui on the formula were Danggui-Yimucao>Danggui-Chuanxiong>Danggui-Honghua>Danggui-Zhigancao>Danggui-Taoren>Danggui-Jiangtan. In conclusion, various herb pairs containing Danggui played different roles on the effects of improving the abnormality of hemorheology and coagulation function. And the herb pairs Danggui-Yimucao were particularly important for the formula, which was consistent with the characteristics of XSHG and the traditional effect of Yimucao. Moreover, it could lay foundation to further reveal the compatibility mechanism of XSHG.