Objective: To detect the contents of the active components in five kinds of Chinese crude herbs and Samples Avoidable for Boiling(SAB). Methods: With modern technology, astraglin in Radix Astragali, atractylons and butenolide in Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, paeonol in Cortex Moutan , sterols in Radix Morindae Officinalis and flavonoids in Radix Puerariae were detected and analyzed. Results: In SAB, the contents of astraglin, atractylone, butenolide, paeonol and sterols were low, especially the high molecular polysaccharides and volatile active components of atractylone, butenolide and paeonol. Meanwhile, more impurities were found in SAB. Conclusion: There are some defects in the production techniques and quality control of SAB.

Objective To establish the animal model(rabbit) of shoulder instability for providing the experimental basis of related studies.Methods shoulder joints of 6 skeletally matured New Zealand white rabbits were measured with the anatomical characteristics and joint motion range in order to determine the operative approach,the similarities of skeletal structure,surrounding muscles,joint capsule and ligaments between rabbit and human were compared.Eighteen rabbits,weighing between 2.5 and 3kg were randomized into 2 groups(experimental group 12 and control 6).In experimental group,instability model was established by means of the operation procedure as follows:the glenohumeral joint of right shoulder was exposed by cutting the subscapularis tendon,then the anteroinferior labrum and surrounding capsular ligament were excised.For control group,sham operation was performed by only curing the skin and superficial tissue,the subscapularis tendon and glenoid structures was kept intact.The specimens of 6 rabbits were harvested 6 weeks after operation.The remaining rabbits of both experimental and control groups were killed 12 weeks post the operation for specimens processing.The motion range and instability were measured in all specimens.Results The gross anatomy of shoulder ioint in rabbit is similar to human.In experimental group,the stability is showed less than control,grade 2 anterior instability was found.The motion range was restricted in all directions,such as external and internal rotation,extension and abduction compared to control group.Conclusion Rabbit is suitable to establish animal model for shoulder instability and related iniuries,the animal model which was designed by this study could provide valuable information for the research of anterior shoulder instability.

Objective Evaluate the feasibility of PTCA and stents by radial artery. Methods we had operated PTCA for 25 cases by radial artery from July 2004 to April 2005. The average age is 63 years old including 40 men and 15 women. Results 67 stents were implanted in 55 patients including 30A cases, 26 B cases and 11C cases. These stents is about 8mm to 33mm in length and 2.5mm to 4.0mm in width. The successful rate is 96%(53/55), and two case was failed, because the guiding wire can not pass by chronic obstruction in LAD all. There is no case by femoral. All the procedures have no heart complications, obstruction of radial artery and vascular complications. Conclusions The way is good for PTCA by radial artery. Its advantages are mild injury, high successful rate and few complications, and the salted hospitals can use the technology successfully.

Objective To study the apoptosis of human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells induced by Aralia elata Seem leaf total saponin (ETS) and its effects on the expression of relevant proteins. Methods MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation of human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells cultivated with different concentrations (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg) of ETS. Hoechst33258 staining and laser confocal imaging were used to detect the apoptotic cells. Morphological changes were observed. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by immuno-histochemistry. Results ETS could induce apoptosis of HT-29 cells and apoptosis was in a dose-dependent manner in a certain range. ETS could decrease the expression of Bcl-2 and increase the expression of Bax in HT-29 cells (P<0.05, P<0.01), showing a significant dose-effect relationship. Conclusion ETS can induce the apoptosis of HT-29 cells, and the mechanism may be related to reducing the expression of Bcl-2 and increasing the expression of Bax.

Objective To explore the influence of policy support on attitude of staff toward contracted service in community health service ( CHS) centers in different areas of China. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select participants, and questionnaire survey was conducted among 192 staff (99 from Chengdu and 93 from Xiamen) from 4 community health service centers in Chengdu and Xiamen. In addition, documents on contracted service in CHS were collected and analyzed. EpiData software was used to establish database. Double input and cross-check were implemented. SAS version 9.4 was used for data analyses. Results Differences were found in goals, financial modes and insurances coverage in contracted service in the two areas. Among the 192 participants, 80.7% considered that contracted service was worth to carry out; 90.8% supported the implementation of contracted service in local settings and 78.1% were willing to take more work load on contracted service. In contrary, only 41.6% wished their child work as a family doctor. The main reasons for the negative attitudes were that the performance-based salary system had not been well established or implemented, and there was much more work load that resulted from contracted service. Conclusions The majority of the study subjects held positive attitude toward contracted service, but there were disparities between the four study sites. Relative policy and financial support, proper human resource distribution were critical determinants of contracted service.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious chronic disease with high incidence, poor prognosis, and a variety of complications. Indoxyl-sulfate (IS) and p-cresol sulfate (PCS) are two typical gut-derived uremic toxins, which are produced by the co-metabolism of intestinal microbes and the host. With the progression of CKD, gut-derived uremic toxins such as IS and PCS accumulate in patients with CKD and thereafter accelerate the progression of CKD. Gut microbiota is closely related with CKD, and targeting gut microbiota to regulate gut-derived uremic toxins synthesis and metabolic pathways may be a promising strategy to delay the progression of CKD. In this paper, the relationship between gut microbiota, gut-derived uremic toxins, and CKD was analyzed, and the strategy to delay the progression of CKD by targeting gut microbiota and uremic toxins metabolism pathway was proposed.

Hepatic encephalopathy is a common metabolic neuropsychiatric syndrome in the development of end-stage liver disease. Since the concept of intestinal-liver-brain axis was proposed, the relationship between the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy and the gut microbiota has been a hot research topic. In recent years, studies have confirmed that gut microbiota is involved in and affects various pathological processes of hepatic encephalopathy. This article combines the latest research progress at home and abroad to elaborate on the research status of regulating gut microbiota and thus interfering with the pathological process of hepatic encephalopathy, hoping to provide new ideas and methods for the intervention of hepatic encephalopathy based on the regulation of gut microbiota.

OBJECTIVETo determine if double bundle hamstring autograft posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction could bring better outcomes than single bundle.

METHODSFrom June 2007 to June 2009, there were 22 subjects, including 16 male and 6 female patients with an average (37 ± 13) years old (16-54 years old) were reconstructed with single bundle PCL reconstruction (single bundle group), 24 subjects, including 18 male and 6 female patients with an average (37 ± 10) years old (17 - 52 years old) were reconstructed with double bundle PCL reconstruction (double bundle group). There were no differences between the two groups on patients' demographics and the duration from the injury to the operation (P > 0.05). Clinical outcomes, KT2000 and tunnel placements of all the patients were measured and analyzed.

RESULTSThe two groups were retrospectively studied and compared with a (29 ± 9) months (24 - 55 months) follow-up. Operation duration of double bundle group was (92 ± 8) minutes which was significantly longer than the single bundle group (78 ± 13) minutes (t = 2.474, P < 0.05). IKDC, Lysholm and Tegner scores were all significantly improved at the last follow-up of both groups (single bundle group: t = 9.578, 13.115 and 8.165, P < 0.01; double bundle group: t = 4.390, 5.522 and 4.313, P < 0.05). Post operative KT2000 side-to-side difference of the double bundle group was significantly smaller than that of the single bundle group under maximum posterior force with the knee in 90° flexion ((1.5 ± 1.5) mm vs. (4.0 ± 2.9) mm, t = 2.538, P = 0.019). There were 66.7% of the patients of double bundle group were normal which was significantly higher than 31.8% of the single bundle group on the IKDC knee examination form (χ² = 5.576, P = 0.018).

CONCLUSIONSSingle or double bundle PCL reconstruction could restore the knee's stability and function satisfied. There are no differences between two groups in clinical scores, but double group manifestes a better anterior-posterior stability.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; injuries ; surgery ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Tendons ; transplantation ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze the features of cervical vertebra X-ray examination and transcranial Doppler (TCD) in children with cervical vertigo, and investigate the mechanism of the disease. Methods X-ray examination of cervical vertebra and TCD were performed on 80 children with cervical vertigo, and the features of the results were analyzed. Results The abnormal results of cervical X-ray examination mainly showed atlantoaxial joint or/and C2, C3 vertebral joint disorders, some of which combined with cervical instability, cervical curvaturestraightened and even reverse curvature, cervical scoliosis. The abnormal results of TCD showed the blood flow velocity in single or multiple branch of artery increased mainly, some of which decreased or became asymmetrial. Conclusion The cervical vertigo in children may result from various kinds of disorders of the atlas, axis or/and C2, C3 vertebrae.

Aging can cause degenerative changes in the function of multiple tissues and organs in the body. Gastrointestinal diseases and intestinal dysfunction are very common in the elderly people. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of the total extract of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. on intestinal function and gut microbiota homeostasis in natural aging mice, which will provide clues for further mechanism study. The natural aging mice model is established and animal experiments follow the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The overall health of the mice was evaluated by the "frailty index" scoring method. The intestinal absorption and transport function were measured by detecting intestinal glucose absorption capacity, transport time, lipase and amylase activities of aging mice. Intestinal inflammation was assessed by detecting inflammatory cytokines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pathological changes in the intestines of aging mice were tested by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and alizarin blue (AB) staining. The qRT-PCR method was used to explore the gene transcription level related with the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells. Microbiota analysis based on 16S rDNA were used to evaluate the composition of gut microbiota. The results showed that Astragalus had a tendency to reduce the "frailty index" of aging mice, but did not show a significant difference. In some indicators of aging phenotype, Astragalus has the most significant effect on hair loss and physical fitness. In terms of intestinal function, Astragalus could increase intestinal glucose absorption capacity, shorten intestinal transportation time and promote lipase secretion in aging mice. The levels of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-‍α) in the aging intestinal tissue were reduced after Astragalus administration. Astragalus also ameliorated the pathological degeneration of the intestinal tissue of aging mice by increasing the length of small intestinal villi, the thickness of colonic mucosa and goblet cell number. In addition, Astragalus elevated the expression of genes associated with the proliferation and differentiation in jejunum and modulated gut microbiota, especially restoring the abundance of Lachnospiraceae. Taken together, the above research results demonstrate the total extract of Astragalus as a key factor improving the intestinal function and gut microbiota homeostasis of aging mice.