This paper reviews the currently research on competency of practitioners in the field of nutrition and food hygiene at home and abroad. Through literature review, it's found that the there are few researches on competency in China at present. Furthermore, compared with foreign countries, there are several issues in China, such as the methods and index system setting. However, due to different national conditions, there are significant differences in the demand for nutrition and food hygiene practitioners, related disciplines and characteristics between China and abroad. Therefore, when drawing lessons from foreign models, we should appropriately make adjustments according to China's national conditions. This review will provide references for further research on establishing a set of scientific and standardized competency evaluation indexes for practitioners in the field of nutrition and food hygiene with Chinese characteristics.

Objective To study the influence of the rupture of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) on the menisci. Methods Four hundred and nineteen consecutive patients with rupture of ACL during December 1984 to December 1999 were included in this study. The incidence of meniscal injuries and the correlation of injuries of menisci and cartilage were investigated. Results The incidence of meniscal injuries was increased from 55.6% in acute to 74.1% in sub chronic and 89.8% in chronic. There were significant differences between each two stages (P

Objective To investigate the effect of Botulinum toxin type A(BTXA)and rehabilitation intervention on upper limb Brunnstrom stages and ADL performance of stroke patients. Methods In a randomized controlled trial, 30 patients were allocated to either an experimental group (n=15) that received BTXA injection into muscles of the affected arm or to a controlled group (n=15). All patients' Brunnstrom stage and MAS stage were ≥gradeⅡ. All the patients were treated with rehabilitative techniques. The intervention was applied for 3 months. All were evaluated for the severity of spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale,MAS),the level of impairment (Brunnstrom assessment and Fugl-Meyer upper limb test) and disability(Functional Independence Measure,FIM) before and after 1 week, 1,2,3 months of treatment. Results Patients who received BTXA had significant reduction of muscle tone (P

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of immunosuppressants on in- duction of apoptosis of peripheral T lymphocytes.Methods T lymphocytes were derived from healthy donors and activated by super antigen SEB.The rest or activated T lymphocytes were incubated with immunosuppressants such as myophenolate mofetil (MMF),cyclosporine A (CsA),FK506,azathio- prine (Aza),sirolimus (SRL),prednisone (Pred),and daclizumab (Dac,anti-CD25mAb),alone or combined,for 3 days.The incidence of apoptosis was determined by the methods of confocal microsco- py,flow cytometer,DNA-ladder fragmentation electrophoresis,and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) gene amplification profiles.The quantitive assay of IL-2 and Fas in the cul- ture medium was also performed using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit.Results Apoptosis in rest T lymphocytes was just induced by Pred among various immunosuppressants.MMF,Aza,and Pred promoted apoptosis in activated T lymphocytes (P＜0.05,P＜0.01),but it was blocked by CsA,FK506,SRL,and Dac (P＜0.01).After adding two or three kinds of immunosuppressants, the incidence of apoptosis in activated T lymphocytes was apparently lower than in control group (P＜0.01).The expression of Fas and IL-2 by activated T lymphocytes was inhibited by FK506 and CsA (P＜0.05).Conclusion MMF,Aza,and Pred may induce apoptosis of activated T lymphocytes via the signal pathway of Fas/Fasl.CsA and FK506 could inhibit the apoptosis of activated T lymphocytes by blocking the production of IL-2.Also,SRL and Dac can block the apoptosis of activated T lympho- cyte by interfering with the effect of IL-2 on T lymphocytes activation process.

Aim: To search for new compounds with stronger anti-inflammatory activities and less gastrointestinal side effects. Methods: 2-(2, 4-Dichlorophenyl) -3-(3, 5-dimethoxyphenyl) - propenoic acid(Ⅰ) was converted to amides(Ⅱ). Their anti-inflammatory activities against xylene-induced mice ear swelling were evaluated. Results: Twelve target compounds (Ⅱ_(1-12)) were synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by IR,~1H NMR and HR-MS.Ⅱ_3 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity compared with CMC-Na ( P < 0. 01) and aspirin ( P < 0. 05). Conclusion: Compound Ⅱ_3 deserves further investigation.

Purpose To study the clinicopathologic features,immunophenotypes,diagnosis and differential diagnosis of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE).Methods Histopathology,clinical features and immunophenotypes of 12 cases of EHE which diagnosed by resection and core needle biopsy were analyzed retrospectively.These patients were followed-up.Results There were 9 males and 3 females,aged from 30 to 69 years,with an average age of 43.5 years.Among 12 EHEs,there were 8 cases in liver,3 cases in bone,and 1 case in lung.Histopathologically,the tumor cells were round and oval epithelioid arranged in single,nests,and cords.Tumor cells had abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm that contained vacuoles and erythrocyte in the tumor cytoplasm.The stroma showed myxoid change.Sparse calcification could be seen in some EHEs.Immunophenotype,tumor cells showed strong positive for CD34,CD31 and factor Ⅷ related antigen (FⅧRAg).Most EHEs are alive with tumor.1 case recurred in 6 months after surgery.1 patient died at 100 months postoperation.3 cases were lost follow-up.Conclusion EHE is a very rare low-grade malignant vascular neoplasm especially for arising from solid organ.Precise diagnosis must depend on surgical histopathology and molecular biology test of WWTR1-CAMTA1 fusion gene.

Objective To investigate the effects of Xiao Yao San on intracellular Ca2 + concentration in cultured rat hippocampal neurons in the state of chronic stress and study the mechanism of chronic stress injuring and XiaoYao San protecting. Methods MK-801 acts as tool,cultured rat hippocampal neurons were divided into seven groups, those were group 1 (control), group 2 (normal serum), group 3 (normal serum + Glu), group 4 (model serum + Glu), group 5 (model serum + Glu + MK-801), group 6 (Xiaoyaosan + Glu), group 7 (Xiaoyaosan + Glu + MK-801). to detect intracellular Ca2+ concentration in cultured hippocampal neurons in the simulated micro - environment of chronic stress and after intervention with the serum treated with Xiao Yao San by confocal laser microscope at the same period of time. Results Compared with group 1 (779.97 ± 36.81), concentration of Ca2+ intracellular of group 2 (1092.38 ± 36.41), group 3 (1472.49 ± 76. 19), group 4 (1509.52 ±104.69) and group 5 (1186.97 ±41.92) all increased significantly (P＜0.01) ,group 6 (908.74 ±40.24) increased too (P ＜ 0.05), compared with group 2, concentration of Ca2 + intracellular of group 3,4 and 5 all increased significantly (P ＜ 0.01), but group 7 (721.99 ± 60.33) decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.01). Compared with group 4, concentration of Ca2+ intracellular of group 6 and 7 decreased significantly (P＜ 0.01), group 5 decreased too (P ＜ 0.05), compared with group 6, concentration of Ca2 + intracellular of group 5 increased significantly (P ＜ 0.01),when group 7 decreased significantly (P＜0.01). Conclusion Serum of chronic stress treated with Xiao Yao San has the effect of inhibiting Ca2+ overload in hippocampal neurons,it may work through a variety of signaling pathways including Glu-NR-Ca2+ to maintain the steady-state of Ca2+ concentration in hippocampal neurons, and then to protect neurons from the neurotoxic effects of excitatory.

Objective To study the effects of the cytotoxicity, cell cycle and time dependent apoptosis of Jurkat T lymphoma cells induced by Tripterygium Hypoglaucum (Levl) Hutch (THH) alkaloids so ad to explore the mechanisms of the apoptosis induced by the THH alkaloids. Methods Cell vitality and cell proliferation were measured by Typan blue staining. Cell cycle and the time dependent apoptosis were determined by DNA staining, TUNEL labeling and flow cytometry. Results THH alkaloids could effectively inhibit cell proliferation of Jurkat cells and induce the G 1 arrest and could induce apoptosis in G 2/S phase first and then G 1 phase. Conclusion THH alkaloids can inhibit DNA synthesis, cell proliferation and can also induce apoptosis of Jurkat T lymphoma cells in all phases.

Objective To investigate endometrium receptivity in patients with luteinized unruptured follicle(IUF)by measuring the expression of estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR)and integrin αVβ3 in the endometriunm Methods From May 2007 to Nov.2007,17 infertile women with LUF were selected as LUF group matched with 13 infertile cases with normal ovulation as control group.They all underwent frozen-thawed embryo transfer in Reproductive Medicine Center.Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.Endometrial tissue in anterior and posterior wall of uterus of LUF group and control group were biopsied by a small curettage between 7 and 11 days after luteinizing hormone(LH)surge.The expression of ER,PR and integrin αVβ3 in endometriam were detected by immunohistochemistry staining.The level of estrogen and progesterone were measured by chemiluminescence assay.Then,the relationship between αVβ3 expression in endometrium and the level of estrogen/progesterone were analyzed in LUF patients.Results (1)There was no remarkable difference in the level of estrogen between LUF [(656±299)pmol/L]and control group[(727±275)pmol/L,P>0.05].However,the level of progesterone were(23±8)nmol/Lin LUF group and(35±10)nmol/L in control group,which reached statistical difference(P<0.01).(2) The expression of ER,PR in endometrium of LUF patients were 183.9±2.4 and 168±3.which were significantly higher than 109.4±6.3 and 106±4 in control group(P<0.01).The expression of integrin α Vβ3 in endometrium of 115±11 in LUF group were significantly lower than 191±9 in control group(P< 0.01).(4)In LUF group,the expression of αVβ3 in endometrium waft correlated positively with the level of progesterone(r=0.77,P<0.01)and irrelevant with the level of estrogen(r=0.01,P>0.05).Conclusion The higher expression of estrogen and progesterone and lower expression of integrin αVβ3 misht confer impaired receptivity of endometrium and interfere with embryo implantation.

Objective To explore the expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs) related factors including inositol requiring enzyme-1α(IRE1αα),p-IRE1 α,c-jun N-terminal Kinase(JNK),and p-JNK in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and to investigate the effect of intervention with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogue.Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal chow group(n =15) and high-fat diet group(n=25).After 12 weeks,5 rats of each group were used to assess the establishment of rat models with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Then the high-fat diet group rats were divided into high-fat diet group (HF,n =10) and GLP-1 group(HG,n=10) and treated with normal saline and GLP-1 analogue for4 weeks respectively.Body weight and biochemical markers in rats were measured.The expressions of IRE1α,p-IRE1α,JNK,and p-JNK were measured by Western blot.Results Compared with the NC group,the levels of body weight,plasma triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C),alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in HF group were significantly higher (all P ＜ 0.01),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) was decreased(P＜0.01),and p-IRE1 α/IRE1 α and p-JNK/JNK were increased(P＜0.05 and P＜0.01).After GLP-1 treatment,body weight,plasma TG,TC,LDL-C,AST,ALT in HF group were significantly lowered(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),HDL-C was increased(P＜0.01),p-IRE1 α/IRE1 α and p-JNK/JNK were decreased (P＜0.05 and P＜0.01).Conclusion GLP-1 analogue may improve hepatic steatosis via regulating ERs related IRE1 α-JNK signaling pathway.