Great difficulties and challenges are existed in the training of clinical type postgraduate of neurosurgery because of the acute onset,server illness and difficult diagnosis of neurosurgical diseases.This paper proposed countermeasures of combing theory with clinical practice and strengthening comprehensive ability after analyzing problems of inadequate professional knowledge,lack of doctor-patient communication and insufficient clinical thinking and innovating ability.The aim was to cultivate the overall quality of postgraduates,making them more qualified for the difficult task of being neurosurgery clinicians.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application value of the PPH in the treatment of severe prolapsed hemorrhoids.Method Forty cases with severe prolapsed hemorrhoids underwent improved PPH with homemade stapler.Results The operating period of time was 10～20min and the mean hospitalization period of time was 4 days.All the 40 cases were cured,of whom bleeding in 2 cases,postoperative malaise at the lower abdomen in lO cases,urinary retention in 11 cases,slight pain in 20 cases.After following-up for 3～15 months,there were no such complication as prolapse again,and no anal stricture,fecal incontinence,etc happened.Conclusion The improved PPH is a safe and effective new method in the treatment of severe prolapsed hemorrhoids.

SUMOylation is an important post-translational modification of proteins. Similar to ubiquitylation, SUMOylation is the process that the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins are specifically and covalently binding to lysine residues of substrate proteins. Through SUMOylation, the physiological functions and pathological processes of cells are well controlled and balanced, and its abnormal activation has been reported in various tumors. Therefore, SUMOylation has been a potential target for anti-tumor drug development. In this review, we summarize recent advances on development of inhibitors targeting SUMOylation pathway and their antitumor properties.

Objective To explore the roles of [Ca 2+ ]i in the apoptosis of Jurkat cells induced by Tripterygium Hypoglaucum (Levl) Hutch alkaloids. Methods After Jurkat cells were stained with Indo 1 AM and PI, changes of [Ca 2+ ]i were assessed by flow cytometry at the single cell level. Results THH alkaloids could induce no changes of [Ca 2+ ] inside cytoplasm. Conclusion THH alkaloids induce the apoptosis of Jurkat cells via other pathways rather than via the [Ca 2+ ] pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects of Tripterygium Hypoglaucum (Levl) Hutch alkaloids on the nuclear DNA strand breaks and DNA fragmantation in Jurkat T lymphoma cells to understand the mechanisms of the apoptosis. Methods After Jurkat cells were induced by the alkaloids, DNA stand breaks were labeled by TUNEL assay and DNA fragmentation was analyzed by DNA content analysis. Flow cytometry was performed to determine these phenomena. Results THH alkaloids could effectively induce DNA stand breaks and DNA fragmentation. Conclusion There are great changes in nuclear DNA in the apoptosis of Jurkat T lymphoma cells induced by THH alkaloids.

Objective To study the effects of the cytotoxicity, cell cycle and time dependent apoptosis of Jurkat T lymphoma cells induced by Tripterygium Hypoglaucum (Levl) Hutch (THH) alkaloids so ad to explore the mechanisms of the apoptosis induced by the THH alkaloids. Methods Cell vitality and cell proliferation were measured by Typan blue staining. Cell cycle and the time dependent apoptosis were determined by DNA staining, TUNEL labeling and flow cytometry. Results THH alkaloids could effectively inhibit cell proliferation of Jurkat cells and induce the G 1 arrest and could induce apoptosis in G 2/S phase first and then G 1 phase. Conclusion THH alkaloids can inhibit DNA synthesis, cell proliferation and can also induce apoptosis of Jurkat T lymphoma cells in all phases.

Objective: To learn the characteristics of adolescent pregnancy in Wenzhou from 2015 to 2019, so as to provide basis for protecting adolescent physical and mental health. Methods: Data of demographic characteristics, pregnancy and delivery outcomes of the women aged under 19 years ( adolescent pregnant ) and 20 to 34 years ( right-age pregnant ) who delivered in Wenzhou from 2015 to 2019 were collected from Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Information Management System. The incidence of pregnancy complication, comorbidity and adverse delivery outcomes of adolescent pregnant women was compared with that of right-age pregnant women. Results: Among 536 753 parturients reported in Wenzhou from 2015 to 2019, there were 22 419 ( 4.18% ) of adolescent pregnancy and 430 163 ( 80.14% ) of right-age pregnancy. The average age of adolescent pregnant women was (18.11±0.82) years ( range, 10-19 years ). The majority of adolescent pregnant women were migrant population (19 437 cases, 86.70%), had an education level of junior high school and below ( 18 594 cases, 82.94% ), and had no occupation (19 192 cases, 85.61%). The incidence rates of anemia, gestational diabetes, postpartum hemorrhage, perineal laceration and premature delivery in adolescent pregnant women increased from 2015 to 2019 ( all P<0.05 ). The incidence rates of gestational diabetes, anemia, gestational hypertension, placental abruption, postpartum hemorrhage, perineal laceration, premature delivery, low birth weight, fetal death and stillbirth were 1.65%, 11.76%, 0.19%, 0.26%, 3.19%, 24.52%, 6.03%, 5.53%, 0.50% and 0.04% in adolescent pregnant women, which were significant different from 5.49%, 8.94%, 0.13%, 0.01%, 0.17%, 23.46%, 4.66%, 3.08%, 0.26% and 0.01% in the right-age pregnant women, respectively ( all P<0.05 ). Conclusions The adolescent pregnant population in Wenzhou are mainly migrant population with lower education level and no occupation. The incidence rates of pregnancy complication, comorbidity and adverse birth outcomes in adolescent pregnant population are higher than those in right-age pregnant population, and are increasing year by year.

BACKGROUND: During spinal orthopedic repair, the main difficulty is to maximize the correction of the deformity, simultaneously, to reduce the incidence of trauma and complications, especial y to avoid the corresponding spinal nerve injury. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the curative effect of one-stage posterior pedicle subtraction osteotomy of apical vertebra with transpedicular instrumentation in the treatment of rigid angular kyphosis of thoracolumbar spine. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 42 cases of rigid angular kyphosis of thoracolumbar spine that were treated by one-stage posterior pedicle subtraction osteotomy of apical vertebra with transpedicular instrumentation. Al patients received detailed imaging examination before and after operation. Kyphosis angle, Frankel grading and perioperative complications were recorded in al patients. X-ray films or CT films showed the bone graft fusion during fol ow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Patients were fol owed up for 10-36 months after treatment. The average time of bone graft fusion was 5.1 months. Cobb’s angle of kyphosis was corrected from 78.4° (38°-110°) preoperatively to 7°(-8°-24°) at 10 days after treatment. The correction rate was 90%. The average angle during final fol ow-up was 7.9°, with an average loss of 0.9°. In 16 paresis patients, Frankel grading results showed grade B in 0 case, grade C in 3 cases, grade D in 5 cases, and grade E in 8 cases during final fol ow-up, showing significant improvement as compared with that pre-treatment (P < 0.05). Among 42 patients, 5 cases had complications. At 7 months after treatment, there were screw and titanium rod loosening at the distal end of the fusion segment in 1 case, cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 2 cases, transient double lower limb weakness in 1 case, pain in one side of lower limb in 1 case, and no severe complications appeared. These results verified that one-stage posterior pedicle subtraction osteotomy of apical vertebra with transpedicular instrumentation could achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes in rigid angular kyphosis of thoracolumbar spine. The internal fixation was stable and with a high fusion rate and few complications. The medium-term effect was satisfactory.

Objective:This study aims to compare the difference in the expression levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), vascular endotheli-al growth factor (VEGF), and the clinicopathological features among gastric carcinoma patients with and without hyperlipidemia and to assess whether hyperlipidemia promotes gastric carcinoma progression. Methods:We analyzed the PGE2 and VEGF serum levels and the VEGF expression in gastric carcinoma tissues in 102 gastric carcinoma patients. The PGE2 and VEGF serum levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the VEGF expression in gastric carcinoma tissues was detected by SABC immunohistochemi-cal staining. Results:Among the 102 gastric carcinoma patients, 49 patients had hyperlipidemia, and 53 did not have the condition. The PGE2 and VEGF expressions in the serum and the VEGF expression in gastric carcinoma tissues were higher in hyperlipidemic pa-tients than in those without hyperlipidemia (P<0.05). The degrees of differentiation, depths of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and TNM staging in the two groups also showed statistical differences (P<0.05). Conclusion:Hyperlipidemia possibly contributes to the pro-gression of gastric carcinoma by upregulating the PGE2 and VEGF expressions.

Bacteria usually colonize, reproduce, and grow aggressively on chronic wounds in the form of biofilm. Different from free bacteria, bacteria in biofilm exhibit unique mechanism in epigenetics and biological behavior, especially in resistance to antibiotics and host immunity. In this article, we introduce the composition and structural function of bacterial biofilm, expound the drug-resistance mechanism of bacterial biofilm, discuss the clinical characteristics of bacterial biofilm infection wound and the diagnosis method of biofilm, and analyze the treatment strategy for bacterial biofilm. It is suggested that clinicians should pay more attention to bacterial biofilm infection and advocate in-depth study of bacterial biofilm in order to improve the quality of managing chronic wounds.