ObjectiveTo investigate the children with cerebral palsy (CP) in rehabilitation, their families and need of society support. Methods150 children with CP in rehabilitation participated in this study. A questionnaire was designed to investigate their basic situation, family status, society concern and requirements for society support, which completed by their parents. Results150 questionnaires were completed efficiently. 75 children were firstly treated before 1 year old. The rehabilitation treatments were effective to 130 children. 126 children appeared some disorder in emotion and personality. Home education was the main rehabilitation way in 133 children. The educational background of 59.4% mothers were senior high school or below. The income was less than 60 thousand yuan in 76.7% families, but spent more than 40 thousand yuan per year on treatment in 54.7% families. One or both parents in 119 families were forced to stop working. 93.3% of them suffered emotion pressure and 56.7% lacked the knowledge about CP. 81% families thought that more social support should be offered in 6 aspects including government welfare, social security, medical institutions, psychotherapy, community services and legal aid. ConclusionAll society should pay more attention on the children with CP and provide a good rehabilitation environment for them.

OBJECTIVETo determine the prevalence of loss to follow-up (PLF) and risk factors among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients from 1989 to 2012 in Baoshan city, Yunnan province.

METHODSThe epidemic and follow-up databases of HIV/AIDS patients by the end of 2012 were downloaded from "the history card downloading site" of HIV/AIDS database in China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and obtained the related data of patients from 1989 to 2012 who had local residence in Baoshan city. These data included demographic characteristics (genders, age at the time of HIV testing positive, and occupation, marital status, and education levels, et al), transmission routes, and disease staging, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and sources of samples, the first CD4(+)T cell counts, and status of follow-up, et al. Descriptive epidemiological study was used to describe the general characteristics of loss to follow-up. Multivariable Cox regression was used for determining risk factors associated with loss to follow-up.

RESULTSA total of 3 295 eligible HIV/AIDS patients from 1989 to 2012 were included. The accumulative study person-year was 11 416.59 years, 222 HIV/AIDS patients were lost to follow-up, and the PLF was 0.019 4/ person years (py). The highest PLF was 0.052 8/py in 2008, the lowest was 0.006 2/py in 2012. The lost patients included 56.76% (126/222) males and 43.24% (96/222) females, the PLFs were 0.020 4/py, 0.018 3/py, respectively. Baoshan city, other cities in Yunnan province, and other provinces, foreign nationality as the family register reached 53.60% (119/222) , 28.83% (64/222) , and 5.86% (13/222) , 11.71% (26/222) , respectively, and their PLFs were 0.012 5/py, 0.046 3/py, and 0.053 6/py, 0.095 6/py, respectively. Receiving ART and not receiving ART occupied 6.76% (15/222) , 93.24% (207/222) , respectively, and the PLFs were 0.001 9/py, 0.0588/py. AIDS and HIV staging standed at 8.11% (18/222) , 91.89% (204/222) , respectively, and the PLFs were 0.003 3, 0.034 5/py. The first CD4(+)T cell counts < 200, 200-350, and > 350 cells /ml accounted for 4.95% (11/222) , 73.87% (164/222) , 21.17% (47/222) , respectively, and the PLFs were 0.004 8/py, 0.024 0/py, 0.020 3/py. The results of multivariable Cox regression showed the risks of loss to follow-up (RLFs) of family register as other cities in Yunnan province (HR = 3.11, 95%CI:2.28-4.25) , other provinces (HR = 2.55, 95%CI:1.42-4.56) , and foreign nationality (HR = 2.12, 95%CI:1.35-3.33) higher than that of Baoshan city, respectively. The RLFs of not receiving ART (HR = 20.83, 95%CI:11.74-36.96) and HIV staging (HR = 3.61, 95%CI:1.82-7.16) were higher than those of receiving ART and AIDS staging, respectively, moreover, the RFLs of the first CD4(+)T cell counts between 200-350 cells/ml (HR = 0.35, 95%CI:0.15-0.82) and the first CD4(+)T cell counts > 350 cells/ml (HR = 0.29, 95%CI:0.12-0.72) were less than that of first CD4(+)T cell counts < 200 cells /ml, respectively. The RLF of transmission route as injecting drug (HR = 0.60, 95%CI:0.41-0.88) was less than that of heterosexual contact.

CONCLUSIONOverall, the prevalence of loss to follow-up among HIV/AIDS patients shows a downward trend, moreover, patients of outsiders, heterosexual contact, HIV staging, baseline CD4(+)T cell counts < 200 cells/ml are at higher risk of loss to follow-up.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Continuity of Patient Care ; statistics & numerical data ; trends ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

Objective To observe the value of ovarian-adnexal reporting and data system(O-RADS)ultrasound 4 subcategory combined with carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125),human epididymis protein 4(HE4)and the risk of malignancy index 4(RM1 4)for predicting malignant risk of ovarian-adnexal masses.Methods Data of 142 patients with O-RADS ultrasound 4 ovarian-adnexal masses were retrospectively analyzed.According to pathological results,the patients were divided into benign group(n=104)and non-benign groups(n=38,including borderline and malignant tumors).Tumors with O-RADS subcategory 4a,CA125≤35 U/ml,premenopausal HE4≤70 pg/ml or postmenopausal HE4≤140 pg/ml,or RMI 4 total score ≤450 were regarded as probably benign ones,otherwise as probably malignant ones.The above 4 parameters were included to establish a logistic regression combination model for predicting the risk of malignancy of ovarian-adnexal masses of O-RADS ultrasound 4.The receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn,and the area under the curves(AUC)were calculated to evaluate the efficacy for predicting malignancy risk of each parameter alone and the combination model.Results The ratio of masses with a maximum diameter＞10 cm in non-benign group was higher than that in benign group(P＜0.05),while no significant difference of age nor menopausal status was found between groups(both P＞0.05).The AUC of O-RADS ultrasound 4 subcategory,CA125 level,HE4 level and RMI 4 score alone for predicting the risk of malignancy of ovarian-adnexal masses was 0.891,0.751,0.701 and 0.800,respectively,while of the combination model was 0.955,higher than that of each parameter alone(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Subcategory assessment of O-RADS ultrasound 4 ovarian-adnexal masses combined with CA125 level,HE4 level and RMI 4 score was efficient for predicting the risk of malignancy.