Objective To observe the expression and distribution of the basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)in lung through chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)rat models and to investigate the potential role of bFGF in the mechanism for airway remodeling in COPD.Methods Forty male,8 weeks old Wistar rats were divided into groups randomly:COPD group;bFGF interfere in COPD group;anti-bFGF interfere in COPD group,and control group.COPD models were established by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysacchairde(LPS)twice in a month and exposure to cigarette smoking daily and in order to contrast respectively instillate particular quantity bFGF and anti-bFGF into different COPD model group from caudal vein in every week.After these models became true,observe the pathologic alteration of small airways,arterioles and pulmonary alveolus by hematoxylin and eosin stain Van-Gieson +elastic fibers stain.At the same time,the thickness of the smooth muscle and collagen in bronchi and pulmonary arterioles were measured by computer image analyzer;also the protein and gene relative content of bFGF as well as the effects of antibody on them were observed by Histostaining and ISH(in situ hybridization)detection.Results There was a significant increase in the thickness of the smooth muscle and collagen in bronchi of bFGF interfere in COPD group compared with that of control group and COPD group(P