Amoebic liver abscess is a common disease, especially in endemic areas, but it is a rare cause of inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction, with only a few cases appearing in the literature. We report three cases of amoebic liver abscess complicated with obstruction of the IVC and which responded to conservative treatment or radiological intervention.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Protozoan/analysis ; Entamoeba/immunology/isolation & purification ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Liver Abscess, Amebic/complications/*diagnosis/ultrasonography ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thrombosis/diagnosis/etiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vascular Diseases/*etiology ; *Vena Cava, Inferior ; Young Adult

Background/Aims: Response to vaccine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is lower than in the general population. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) versus controls. Methods: We prospectively compared antibody response to HBV vaccination in 100 patients with UC versus controls. HBV vaccination was given to all the cases and controls at 0, 1 and 6 months. Anti-hepatitis B surface (anti-HBs) titers were then measured 4 weeks after the first and the third dose. Adequate immune response (AIR) was considered if the anti-HBs titer was >10 IU/L and effective immune response (EIR) if the anti-HBs titer was >100 IU/L. Results: Median anti-HBs titer was lower in patients with UC than controls (67 IU/L vs. 105 IU/L, P<0.01). AIR and EIR were significantly lower in patients than in controls (82% vs. 96%, P=0.001; 41% vs. 66%, P<0.001, respectively). Univariate analysis showed that age <30 years, mild to moderate severity of disease, disease duration <5 years, male sex, post first dose anti-HBs titer >2 IU/L and non-exposure to corticosteroids, azathioprine and biologicals were predictors of AIR in patients with UC (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that only non-exposure to corticosteroids, azathioprine and biologicals, male sex, and disease duration <5 years were independent predictors of AIR. Conclusions Response rate to the HBV vaccination in patients with UC was significantly lower as compared to the controls. Male sex, shorter disease duration, and non-exposure to immunomodulators were independent predictors of AIR.