Background: Complete blood count (CBC) is one of the most widely used clinical tests, offering a high-quality, inexpensive, and routine diagnostic tool for various diseases and for monitoring treatment outcomes. Due to modern technological advancements, blood cells are now measured in greater detail, with 36 parameters being evaluated. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is rapidly increasing, not only globally but also in our country. This rise in prevalence leads to numerous adverse consequences, including delayed diagnosis, poor control, an increase in chronic complications, and treatment failure. Hyperglycemia is a predisposing factor for chronic inflammation, and a relatively new inflammatory marker, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), may be useful for assessing diabetes control. In recent years, NLR has been studied as a composite biomarker that more effectively reflects systemic inflammation and is easier to detect compared to other inflammatory markers. An increase in neutrophil count and percentage indicates chronic, low-grade, toxic, and non-specific inflammation, while a decrease in lymphocyte count suggests insufficient immune regulation. Thus, an elevated NLR not only reflects the immune system’s functional state in chronic inflammation, but it is also studied as a reliable and selective marker of systemic inflammation in chronic diseases. NLR is considered more stable than the total leukocyte count, is less affected by physiological and pathological factors, is inexpensive, and can be incorporated into daily clinical practice. Aim: To study the relationship between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in a complete blood count and diabetes control and complications Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 145 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who were treated at the Endocrine Clinic of the Mongolian-Japanese Hospital, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences. Data on the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and diabetic complications, including retinopathy, neuropathy, and foot complications, were collected from the Carte-Hospital Management System. Based on the frequency distribution of the NLR parameter, the values were classified into three groups: low, medium, and high. These groups were subsequently compared with glycemic control and complications using correlation and linear regression analyses, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: The mean age of the study participants (n=145) was 57.3±12.9 years, with 46.8% (n=131) being male. The mean duration of diabetes was 9.6 years (range: 1-31 years), and the mean HbA1c level was 8.6±2.47%. Among the participants, 59.3% (n=86) exhibited poor glycemic control. Regarding complications, 52.3% of participants experienced at least one diabetes-related complication. Of these, 25.2% had one complication, 13.3% had two, and 7.1% had three or more. The most common complications were retinopathy (25.7%), nephropathy (18.6%), and macrovascular complications (11.9%). A statistically significant increase in the mean HbA1c level was observed across groups stratified by NLR levels (p=0.003). Linear correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between HbA1c levels (r=0.194, p=0.001) and the number of chronic diabetes complications (r=0.162, p=0.002). Conclusion The NLR level is positively correlated with both diabetes control and the occurrence of chronic complications. As an inexpensive and easily accessible test, it can be used for daily monitoring and early detection of complications.

Background: Currently, colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. CRC frequently metastasizes to the liver (50%), lungs (10–15%), peritoneum (4%), bones (10.7%–23.7%), brain (0.3%–6%), and spinal cord. Approximately 35% of CRC cases are diagnosed before distant metastasis, 36% upon lymph node involvement, and 23% after distant organ metastasis. Although several studies have established primary tumor models in mice in our country, there are limited studies on experimental lung metastasis models, prompting the need for this research. Aim: To establish and evaluate a lung metastasis model of colorectal cancer in C57BL/6J mice using the MC38 cell line. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences. Approval was obtained from the Ethics Review Board of the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences (2023/3-09) and all laboratory safety regulations and protocols were strictly followed. Male C57BL/6J mice bred at the Experimental Animal Center of Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences were used. MC38 murine colorectal carcinoma cells were cultured and injected intravenously (via the tail vein) at a concentration of 0.25×10⁶ cells per mouse (n=12) to induce lung metastasis. Histological analysis was subsequently performed. Results: Histological examination revealed significant alterations in lung tissue architecture, characterized by areas of dense infiltration by pleomorphic, hyperchromatic cells, disrupting the normal alveolar structure. No histological abnormalities were observed in other organs. Conclusion Intravenous injection of MC38 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells into the tail vein of C57BL/6J mice successfully induced lung metastases, characterized by hyperchromatic, pleomorphic cell infiltrates forming glandular structures within the lung parenchyma.