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Oromucosal cytokine therapy allows large amounts of cytokines to be administered with improved outcome and without dose limiting toxicity. Orally administered cytokines exert their effects by a novel two pronged mechanism of action. Firstly, specific populations of immuno-competent effector cells are activated in the oral cavity and migrate to the site of virus replication. Secondly, chemokines produced in the lymphoid tissue of the oral cavity enter the peripheral circulation and redirect activated lymphocytes to eliminate virus infected cells. Oromucosal IFN therapy constitutes an alternative and improved means of therapy for diseases such as chronic viral hepatitis which are currently treated parenterally with IFN alpha. The oral route also has obvious advantages for ease of administration and improved patient compliance. Furthermore, the availability of a well tolerated form of IFN therapy will also allow Type I IFNs to be used for the treatment of diseases such as upper respiratory tract virus infections, for which parenteral IFN therapy is currently precluded due to unacceptable toxicity.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage ; Antiviral Agents/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/pharmacology ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human/drug therapy ; Human ; Interferon-alpha/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/pharmacology

1.Dose and Treatment Duration of Regimen.

2.The importance of personalized optimal therapy for chronic hepatitis B patients.

3.Oromucosal Cytokine Therapy: Mechanism(s) of Action.

4.Hepatitis C Viral Kinetics as a Determinant of Stopping Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin in Genotype 1 Infection.

5.How long should patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection be treated.

6.Optimized strategy: new concept in antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B.

7.Long-Term Suppression of Viral Replication in Chronic Hepatitis B: Outcomes and Future Directions.

8.Antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis B: monotherapy or combination therapy.

9.How to improve the efficacy of antiviral therapy on patients with hepatitis C related cirrhosis.

10.Achieve a higher cure rate via standardized antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C.

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