Antimony ; blood ; Humans ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; methods

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a skin infection caused by the Leishmania species, an intracellular protozoan parasite that is transmitted by various species of female sandflies. According to the geographic distribution and vectors, leishmaniasis is classified as Old World or New World cutaneous leishmaniasis. In Korea, 24 cases of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis have been reported, but New World cutaneous leishmaniasis has not been reported as yet. A 37-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of a painful and erythematous nodule with two satellite papules on the left postauricular area and a papule on the left arm after traveling to the Amazon region in Brazil. After we performed skin biopsies of the lesions, diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis was made by the histopathological findings. After intralesional injection of sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam(R), GlaxoSmithKline) twice a week for 4 weeks, the lesions improved with scarring. Herein, we discuss this case of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis that was successfully treated with intralesional injection of sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam(R)) in Korea.
Antimony ; Antimony Sodium Gluconate ; Arm ; Biopsy ; Brazil ; Cicatrix ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intralesional ; Korea ; Leishmania ; Leishmaniasis ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous ; Parasites ; Psychodidae ; Skin

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a skin infection caused by the Leishmania species, an intracellular protozoan parasite that is transmitted by various species of female sandflies. According to the geographic distribution and vectors, leishmaniasis is classified as Old World or New World cutaneous leishmaniasis. In Korea, 24 cases of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis have been reported, but New World cutaneous leishmaniasis has not been reported as yet. A 37-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of a painful and erythematous nodule with two satellite papules on the left postauricular area and a papule on the left arm after traveling to the Amazon region in Brazil. After we performed skin biopsies of the lesions, diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis was made by the histopathological findings. After intralesional injection of sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam(R), GlaxoSmithKline) twice a week for 4 weeks, the lesions improved with scarring. Herein, we discuss this case of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis that was successfully treated with intralesional injection of sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam(R)) in Korea.
Antimony ; Antimony Sodium Gluconate ; Arm ; Biopsy ; Brazil ; Cicatrix ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intralesional ; Korea ; Leishmania ; Leishmaniasis ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous ; Parasites ; Psychodidae ; Skin

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (oriental sore) is usually a self-limited infection of the skin caused by the protozoan Leishmania tropica. The disease is endemic to the Mediterranean, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. It has been seen in this country among many Korean technical experts and labourers working in the endemic areas of the disease. Our patient had acquired cutaneous leishmaniasis in Saudi Arabia and it had remained active for six months. He had been treated with antimony and metronidazole but failed because of severe side effects. And then we treated the patient witb cryosurgery and the skin lesions were followed by resolution with cosmetically acceptable scar in 4 months. The brief review of literature on the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis was undertaken.
Africa ; Antimony ; Asia ; Cicatrix ; Cryosurgery* ; Humans ; Leishmania tropica ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous* ; Metronidazole ; Middle East ; Saudi Arabia ; Skin

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with chronic laryngeal symptoms. METHODS: Fourty-four patients with chronic laryngeal symptoms had not responded to empirical therapies of otolaryngologist, mean age 44.3 years, were studied. They were evaluated with esophageal manometry and 24 hour ambulatory pH monitoring with 2 channel antimony probe. The pathologic reflux was defined as the percentage of total time that the pH was below 4.0 exceeded 4.0%. RESULTS: 1) Chronic laryngeal symptoms were sorethroat (57%), horeseness (50%), globus sensation (14%). 2) Six of the 44 patients had the pathologic reflux at the lower esophagus, four had the pathologic reflux at the upper esophagus. 3) Three (50%) of the 6 patients with pathologic reflux at the lower esophagus were upright refluxer, two (33%) were supine refluxer, and one (16%) was mixed refluxer. Three (75%) of the 4 patients with pathologic reflux at the upper esophagus were uprght refluxer, and one (25%) was supine refluxer. 4) Eleven of the 44 patients had symptoms of heartburn and chest pain. Seven of the 11 patients were more than 50% of the symptom index at the upper esophagus, Eight were at lower esophagus. Six (13.6%) of the 44 patients with positive symptom index did not have pathologic reflux. In summary, chronic laryngeal symptoms were related to acid reflux in twelve (27.2%) of the 44 patients. CONCLUSION: We suggest that some patients with chronic laryngeal symptoms in Korean may have abnormal gastroesophageal reflux.
Antimony ; Chest Pain ; Esophagus ; Gastroesophageal Reflux* ; Heartburn ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Manometry ; Sensation

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of preoperative or postoperative lymphoscintigraphy for the identification of lymphatic drainage and sentinel lymph node in patients with eyeball and ocular adnexal malignant tumors. METHODS: Lymphoscintigraphy was performed preoperatively or postoperatively in 5 patients with biopsy proven primary eyeball or ocular adnexal malignant tumors. Patients underwent lymphoscintigraphy with 500 micro Ci of technetium-99m antimony trisulfide colloid in a volume of 0.1 ml. We injected intradermally either the outer 1/3 of the upper or lower lid, or the inner 1/3 of the upper or lower lid. Images were taken by Gamma camera and we checked lymphatic drainage and sentinel lymph nodes. RESULTS: Two patients with conjunctival malignant melanoma showed normal lymphatic drainage, but the other two patients had lymphatic drainage to the parotid and submandibular chain, and sentinel lymph nodes were noted as the parotid lymph node and the submandibular lymph node. The patients with sebaceous gland carcinoma injected in the outer 1/3 of the upper lid had submandibular lymphatic chain and the sentinel lymph node proved to be the submandibular lymph node. CONCLUSIONS: Lymphoscintigraphy demonstrated the lymphatic drainage system and successfully identified the sentinel lymph nodes. This should prove to be very helpful to evaluate metastasis of the eyeball and ocular adnexal malignant tumors by selective lymph node biopsy and to decide the degree of surgery.
Antimony ; Biopsy ; Colloids ; Drainage ; Gamma Cameras ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoscintigraphy* ; Melanoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Sebaceous Glands

Adult ; Antimony ; adverse effects ; Dust ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Young Adult

This study was conducted to do exposure assessment of the possible migration of antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) from Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) food contact materials (FCM). Consumption Factor (CF) and Food-type Distribution Factor (fT) were calculated from survey data with reference to the US FDA method. The most conservative migration conditions were obtained by testing Sb migration from PET FCM based on the Chinese national standard of GB/T 5009.101-2003[1]. Migration levels of Sb from PET FCM were tested and migration levels of Sb2O3 were obtained through molecular weight conversion between Sb and Sb2O3. Exposure assessment of Sb2O3 was undertaken. The Chinese Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) of Sb2O3 resulted from PET FCM was 90.7 ng p-1d-1.
Antimony ; analysis ; China ; Environmental Exposure ; Food Contamination ; analysis ; Food Packaging ; standards ; Humans ; Polyethylene Terephthalates

Antimony ; urine ; Flow Injection Analysis ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; methods ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; methods

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the levels of heavy metals and self-rated health status of the national clay shooting athletes. METHODS: Fourteen subjects' blood lead level and index of liver damage (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyl transferase) were measured. Heavy metal content in training environment was measured by collecting the buckshot fume. In addition, subjects completed a questionnaire assessing self-rated health status (Todai Health Index). RESULTS: Antimony and lead were detected much more than other heavy metals in the air of the shooting range. The average blood lead level of 14 subjects was significantly higher than the upper limit of normal Korean adults. Blood lead level of male is significantly higher than female and training frequency and the total training time per week were positively correlated to the blood lead level. In the result of survey on self-rated health, the higher the blood lead level, the lower the score of the common subjective physical symptoms. By age, the younger the subjects are, the higher the score of the common subjective symptoms. CONCLUSION: Although the level of heavy metals in fume of buckshot and blood lead was high, national clay shooting athletes thought that they are healthy.
Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; Antimony ; Athletes* ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; Male ; Metals, Heavy*