The proliferative activity of gastric adenomas from 18 patients (42 endoscopic procedures) was compared with follow-up results. These cases were gastric adenomas proven by follow-up with repeated endoscopic procedures for more than 2 years, or were confirmed as gastric adenocarcinoma thereafter by histopathologic examination. Among the eighteen cases, nine showed carcinoma in the subsequent biopsies (group 1) and the remaining nine did not result in carcinoma (group 2). The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positivity rates of the two groups were significantly different (P < 0.01). The average PCNA positivity in group 1 was 33.1%, while it was 10.0% in group 2. The risk of developing carcinoma increased as the PCNA positivity increased: 0% in the low PCNA positivity group, 41% in the mid-positivity group and 89% in the high positivity group. We concluded that growth fraction could be taken into account as one of the most important prognostic factors for gastric adenoma, and accordingly repeated endoscopic biopsies with close follow-up should be carried out especially in the high PCNA positivity group.
Adenoma/*immunology ; Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology/*metabolism ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen/metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Prognosis ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Stomach Neoplasms/*immunology

Because of the anatomical position and its unique vascular system, the liver is susceptible to the exposure to the microbial products from the gut. Although large amount of microbes colonize in the gut, translocation of the microbes or microbial products into the liver and systemic circulation is prevented by gut epithelial barrier function and cleansing and detoxifying functions of the liver in healthy subjects. However, when the intestinal barrier function is disrupted, large amount of bacterial products can enter into the liver and systemic circulation and induce inflammation through their receptors. Nowadays, there have been various reports suggesting the role of gut flora and bacterial translocation in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease and portal hypertension. This review summarizes the current knowledge about bacterial translocation and its contribution to the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases and portal hypertension.
Antigens, CD14/metabolism ; Bacterial Translocation ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal/metabolism/*pathology ; Liver/metabolism/*microbiology ; Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism/*pathology ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism

This study was purposed to investigate the inhibitory effect of anti-C II TA M1-RNA on MHC II expression. The M1-RNA with guide sequences (GS) recognizing C II TA at 3408 site (M1-3408-GS) and C II TA target RNA (3176 - 3560) were constructed, then cloned into the pUC19 and pGEM-7zf (+) vector respectively. The recombinant M1-RNA and its target RNA were incubated in cell-free conditions. It showed that M1-3408-GS could exclusively cleave target RNA, then it was cloned into the psNAV vector. Stable transfectants of Jurkat cells with M1-3408-GS were analyzed for classical MHC II (HLA-DR, -DP, -DQ) induction in response to IFN-gamma by flow cytometry. The level of C II TA mRNA was measured by RT-PCR. The results showed that after IFN-gamma treatment, the expression of HLA-DR, HLA-DP, HLA-DQ on M1-3408-GS positive Jurkat cells decreased 83.17%, 94.12% and 84.31% respectively as compared with control. At the same time the mRNA contents of C II TA also markedly decreased (P < 0.05, t = 4.89). It is concluded that anti-C II TA M1-RNA (M1-3408-GS) inhibits C II TA, decreases itself mRNA content and so suppresses expression of MHC II molecules regulated by C II TA.
Down-Regulation ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II ; metabolism ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Major Histocompatibility Complex ; genetics ; Nuclear Proteins ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Ribonuclease P ; metabolism ; Trans-Activators ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the histogenesis of pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma (PSH).

METHODSTissue microarray and immunohistochemical technique were used to detect the expression of pan-cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen(EMA), vimentin, thyroid transcription factor (TTF)-1, napsin A, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, CD56, E-cadherin, β-catenin, CD117, CD68 and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1 in 49 cases of PSH.

RESULTSImmunohistochemistry revealed that all cuboidal surface cells expressed pan-cytokeratin, EMA, TTF-1 and napsin A. The polygonal cells expressed EMA, TTF-1, napsin A (positive rate 16.3%, 8/49), but not pan-cytokeratin. Both types of cells were negative for synaptophysin, chromogranin A and CD56. Strong positive staining for E-cadherin and β-catenin appeared on the membrane of cuboidal cells in all PSH, with cytoplasm staining for β-catenin as well. The expression levels of these adhesion molecules decreased in the polygonal cells, with the staining localized to the cytoplasm. E-cadherin staining was not detected or was weak. β-catenin staining was not detected on the cell membrane but partially in the cytoplasm. The polygonal cells stained strongly for vimentin, while only a few cuboidal cells were positive. CD117 and CD68 positive inflammatory cells were scattered between the polygonal cells, which was consistent with the distribution of TGF-β1 positive cells.

CONCLUSIONSPSH originates from the primitive respiratory epithelium, and polygonal stromal cells may be derived from epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of the cuboidal cells. TGF-β1 may play an important role in the formation of sclerosing hemangioma.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases ; metabolism ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins ; metabolism ; Pneumonectomy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Sclerosing Hemangioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1 ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism ; Vimentin ; metabolism ; Young Adult ; beta Catenin ; metabolism

The proliferative activity of human gastric carcinoma was measured by means of in vitro incorporation of the thymidine analogue, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), into the newly-synthesized DNA of fresh tumors and immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) using avidin-biotin peroxidase method. Eighty-two cases of surgically resected human gastric carcinomas consisting of 18 various histologic types were subjected to study. The mean BrdU labelling index (LI) and PCNA LI were 22.9% and 39.1%, respectively. The correlation between BrdU LI and PCNA LI was statistically significant (correlation coefficient mu = 0.61334, p = 0.0001). We concluded that immunohistochemical staining for PCNA may become a practical method instead of in vitro or in vivo BrdU labeling to assess the proliferation fraction of the gastric cancer patient.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, Neoplasm/*metabolism ; Bromodeoxyuridine/*metabolism ; Carcinoma/*metabolism/pathology ; Cell Division ; DNA Replication ; DNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Stomach Neoplasms/*metabolism/pathology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo study the Ag-NORs expressive character of T lymphocyte in patients with oral and maxillofacial tumor and evaluate its diagnostic value for the patients.

METHODSNucleolar organizer regions(NORs) of T lymphocyte from 86 normal adults, 102 patients with oral and maxillofacial benign tumors and 87 patients with oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors were analyzed through KL imaging system.

RESULTSThere was significant difference among normal adults, benign and malignant patients (P < 0.01). Their average I.S% values were 7.87 +/- 0.12, 5.72 +/- 0.14, 4.19 +/- 0.13, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe expression of Ag-NORs of T lymphocyte has definite relation with oral and maxillofacial tumors; detection of Ag-NORs might play valuable in diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial tumors.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antigens, Nuclear ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; immunology ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Mouth Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; immunology ; metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Nucleolus Organizer Region ; metabolism ; Silver Staining ; T-Lymphocytes ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVETo investigate the anti-atherosclerosis mechanism of Astragalus mongholicus polysaccharides (APS) by examining its effect on gene expression profiles of the dendritic cells (DCs) from healthy donors.

METHODSPeripheral blood DCs from healthy donors were incubated with 200 mg/L APS overnight, and changes in the gene expression profiles were investigated using microarray technique and RT-PCR.

RESULTSCompared with the control cells, APS-treated DCs showed significantly up-regulated expressions of CD36 (0.97 ± 0.23 vs 5.45 ± 1.14) and IL-27 (1.08 ± 0.22 vs 2.97 ± 0.61) and down-regulated expression of expression of IFI16 (0.98 ± 0.18 vs 0.46 ± 0.11).

CONCLUSIONSAPS can promote the maturation and differentiation of DCs by up-regulating CD36 and IL-27 and down-regulating IFI16, and thus positively affects the occurrence and progression of the atherosclerosis.

Astragalus Plant ; chemistry ; CD36 Antigens ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Dendritic Cells ; drug effects ; Humans ; Interleukins ; metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins ; metabolism ; Phosphoproteins ; metabolism ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Transcriptome

Animals ; Antigens, Nuclear ; DNA ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA Repair ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Humans ; Ku Autoantigen

Human SIRT1 controls various physiological responses including cell fate, stress, and aging, through deacetylation of its specific substrate protein. In processing DNA damage signaling, SIRT1 attenuates a cellular apoptotic response by deacetylation of p53 tumor suppressor. The present study shows that, upon exposure to radiation, SIRT1 could enhance DNA repair capacity and deacetylation of repair protein Ku70. Ectopically over-expressed SIRT1 resulted in the increase of repair of DNA strand breakages produced by radiation. On the other hand, repression of endogenous SIRT1 expression by SIRT1 siRNA led to the decrease of this repair activity, indicating that SIRT1 can regulate DNA repair capacity of cells with DNA strand breaks. In addition, we found that SIRT1 physically complexed with repair protein Ku70, leading to subsequent deacetylation. The dominant-negative SIRT1, a catalytically inactive form, did not induce deacetylation of Ku70 protein as well as increase of DNA repair capacity. These observations suggest that SIRT1 modulates DNA repair activity, which could be regulated by the acetylation status of repair protein Ku70 following DNA damage.
Sirtuins/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; Humans ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; DNA Repair/*genetics ; DNA/*genetics ; Cell Line ; Antigens, Nuclear/*metabolism ; Acetylation

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of a non-lethal heat shock, in comparison with the treatment of interferon-gamma (IFN gamma), on the expression of major histocompatibility complex transactivator (CTA) and its downstream target gene of the human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-DR in Jurkat cells.

METHODSThe changes of CTA mRNA in Jurkat cells before and after the treatment of heat shock or IFN gamma were detected using real time RT-PCR. The changes of CTA protein were detected with Western blot. The expression of HLA-DR was detected with flow cytometry. : CTA mRNA and protein were induced in Jurkat cells under heat shock, but not with IFN-gamma. The expression of HLA-DR gene significantly increased after recovery (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe expressions of CTA and HLA-DR in Jurkat cells remarkably increase after heat shock, indicating that heat shock may help reconstruct relevant genes in cells with immunologic gene deficiencies.

HLA-DR Antigens ; metabolism ; Heat-Shock Response ; physiology ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Trans-Activators ; genetics ; metabolism