<b>OBJECTIVEb>To study activation of dendritic cells (DC) isolated from peripheral blood monocytes of patients with chronic hepatitis B after stimulation with HBsAg or HBcAg.

<b>METHODSb>DCs were isolated from peripheral blood monocytes of patients with chronic hepatitis B. DCs were impulsed with HBsAg and HBcAg separately before their maturation. The expression levels of DC surface molecule were analyzed by using flow cytometry and the ability of DC to induce T lymphocyte proliferation was evaluated by a liquid scintillation counter and the amount of interleukin-12 (IL-12) in mixed lymphocytic (IL-12) in mixed lymphocytic reaction (MLR) was measured by using ELISA.

<b>RESULTSb>The expression rate of CD86 significantly increased to (29.20 +/- 5.18)% on DC after loading with HBcAg as compared with those after loading with HBsAg (76.19 +/- 3.90)% and controls (62.37 +/- 4.24)%, P>0.01. The ability of DC after loading with HBcAg to induce T lymphocyte proliferation (34,326 +/- 3088 cpm) was significantly higher than that of DC after loading with HBsAg (20,306 +/- 2897 cpm) and controls (3454 +/- 409 cpm), P greater than 0.01. The amount of IL-12 in MLR of DC after loading with HBcAg was (348 +/- 42.8) ng/L, which was significantly higher than those of DC after loading with HBsAg (226 +/- 30.6) ng/L and controls (116 +/- 15.6) ng/L, P greater than 0.01.

<b>CONCLUSIONb>Human dendritic cell stimulated with HBcAg could more efficiently present antigen and induce specific T cell immune response.

Adult ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; immunology ; metabolism ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens ; immunology ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; virology ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; immunology ; Young Adult

Abstract　　B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is an ideal target for precise treatment due to its highly selective expression on malignant myeloma cells. This review summarizes briefly the advances in the latest research progress on biological activity of BCMA, its significance as a biomarker and immunotherapy direcited against BCMA, such as bispecific antibodies, antibody drug conjugates, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy against mature B cell antigens.
Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte ; B-Cell Maturation Antigen ; B-Lymphocytes ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Multiple Myeloma ; therapy ; T-Lymphocytes

<b>OBJECTIVEb>To investigate the effect of SAHA on the maturation of human dendritic cells (DC) and to explore its underlying mechanism.

<b>METHODSb>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were isolated from human peripheral blood and cultured in RPMI 1640 medium with 100 ng/ml rhGM-CSF and 500 U/ml rhIL-4. In the LPS induced maturation process, dendritic cells treated with or without SAHA were used as test group, and dendritic cells treated without LPS or SAHA were used as control group. DC was observed under inverted microscope. Flow cytometer was used to detect the surface antigen molecules expressed by DC. The mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) was used to observe the allogeneic lymphocyte stimulation. The NF-κB signaling pathway was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA).

<b>RESULTSb>The SAHA could effectively suppress the maturation of DC induced by LPS, the DC treated with SAHA+LPS had immature morphological characteristics; the expression of CD80, CD83 and HLA-DR in SAHA+LPS group and control group were significantly down-regulated as compared with single LPS group (P<0.01); the ability of DC to stimulate the proliferation of allogeneic T lymphocytes in SAHA+LPS group and control group was significantly weaker than that in single LPS group (P<0.01); EMSA results showed that NF-κB activity decreased after SAHA and LPS treatment and was significantly lower than that of single LPS group.

<b>CONCLUSIONb>SAHA can effectively suppress DC maturation induced by LPS and also weaken the ability to stimulate allogeneic T lymphocyte. NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in regulating DC maturation.

Cell Differentiation ; Dendritic Cells ; Flow Cytometry ; HLA-DR Antigens ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; NF-kappa B ; T-Lymphocytes

The phenotypes of the bone marrow cells in various subtypes of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and its clinical implication were explored. The antigen expression of a panel of antigens expressed in marrow cells from 30 patients with subtypes of MDS was assayed by alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase method. The results showed that the expression of myeloid antigens appeared abnormality, CD13 and CD33, found on granulocyte and macrophage precursors, increased, and CD15 decreased. There were no significant changes for monocytic antigen CD14 and lymphoid antigens CD7 and CD10. CD34 was increased in RAEB/RAEB-t and was not increased in RA/RAS patients. CD71, expressed by erythroblast and proliferative cells, was higher in all subtypes of MDS than that in control group. It is suggested that the bone marrow cells from MDS patients showed abnormality of more than two series of immunophenotypes, detection of immunophenotype in MDS cells might be contributed to the diagnosis and predicting prognosis.
Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD ; analysis ; Antigens, CD34 ; analysis ; Antigens, CD7 ; analysis ; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte ; analysis ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; analysis ; Bone Marrow Cells ; immunology ; CD13 Antigens ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Lewis X Antigen ; analysis ; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors ; analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; immunology ; pathology ; Neprilysin ; analysis ; Receptors, Transferrin ; Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3

Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disease which is characterized by destruction of platelets by macrophages in the reticuloendothelial system. Recent studies suggest that ITP is related to the abnormal activation and apoptosis of T/B cells which lead to failure of immune tolerance. Now it is becoming clear that costimulatory signals are required for full T/B cell activation and assumed to modulate T/B cells responses as well as other aspects of the immune system. This review focuses on the role and state-of-the-art advancements of costimulatory signals in ITP.
Antigens, CD ; immunology ; Antigens, Differentiation ; immunology ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte ; immunology ; B-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; CD28 Antigens ; immunology ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; immunology ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor ; immunology ; Signal Transduction ; physiology ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; physiology

This study was purposed to investigate the clinical significance of the amount and activated status of T cell subsets, B cells, NK cells in peripheral blood from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The proportion of T cells, B cells, NK cells in peripheral blood from 30 patients with MDS and their surface activation markers of CD28, CD45RA, CD45RO, CD69, HLA-DR were analyzed by flow cytometry. Twenty-two patients were in the low risk group (RA + RAS) while eight patients were in the high risk group (RAEB + RAEBT). The result showed that the amounts of T cells (CD3+ cells) in peripheral blood from patients with MDS were lower than those in control group. The amounts of naive CD4+ cells (CD4+ CD45RA+ cells) in MDS patients were lower than those in control. The expression rates of early activation marker (CD69) and late activation marker (HLA-DR) on CD3+ cells in MDS patients were significantly higher than those in control. The abnormalities of the immunologically competent cells were mainly observed in the low risk group (RA + RAS), and were characterized by the high expression rates of CD69+ and HLA-DR+ on CD3+ cells, the decrease of B cell amounts. The amount abnormalities of T cell subsets were mainly observed in high risk group (RAEB + RAEBT), and were characterized by the decrease of CD3+ cells and CD3+ CD4+ CD8- cells (Th cells) amounts without high expression of the CD69 and HLA-DR, the decrease of NK cells amounts. It is concluded that there are the abnormalities of T cell subsets and function in the patients with MDS and may change with disease progression, so the measurement of amount and activated status of T cell subsets in peripheral blood from MDS patients can have predictive role for diagnosis of disease progression and guide of therapy.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD ; immunology ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte ; immunology ; B-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; CD3 Complex ; immunology ; Female ; HLA-DR Antigens ; immunology ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Lectins, C-Type ; Lymphocyte Activation ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; immunology ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology

The expression of inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) in peripheral blood T lymphocytes from the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the role in the pathogenesis of SLE was investigated. By using two-color immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometric assay, the expression levels of ICOS in peripheal blood T lymphocytes from 33 patients with SLE and 16 healthy volunteers were detected. SLE diseases activity index (SLEDAI) of the patients with SLE was used to evaluate the disease activity. The correlation between the ICOS expression and SLEDAI was analyzed among the groups. The results showed that the expression levels of ICOS in T lymphocytes in active SLE group was markedly higher than those in the control and inactive SLE groups (both P< 0.01). There was no significant difference in the expression levels of ICOS between the inactive SLE and the control groups (P>0.05). In active SLE and inactive SLE groups, positive linear correlation was found between the levels of the ICOS expression in T lymphocytes and SLEDAI (r=0. 711, P=0.001; r=0.561, P=0.03). It was suggested that the expression of ICOS in peripheral blood T lymphocytes from the patients with active SLE was up-regulated and and ICOS might be related to the pathogenesis of SLE.
Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*biosynthesis ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/blood ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/etiology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology

<b>OBJECTIVEb>To establish flow cytometry (FCM) methods and evaluate their application value for measuring the index for enhancing immune function of health food.

<b>METHODSb>In mice experiment model, the dosage groups were respectively oral fed with three test substances according to 5, 10, 30 times of the recommended dose for human body; both the negative and positive control groups were fed with equivalence purified water once a day. The positive control was fed with 25 mg/kg body weight levamisole for 3 days before finishing the administration, and the immune two percent of sheep erythrocytes were administrated at the last day. In rats experiment model, the test substance was given by mixing feed according to 25 and 50 times of the recommended dose for human body. At the end of the experiment, indices below were simultaneously detected. (1) The classical indices included: spleen lymphocyte transformation test by using ConA (MTT assay); spleen NK cell activity test (LDH assay); delayed-type hypersensitivity test by using sheep erythrocyte (foot palm thickening) method and phagocytosis activity tested by mice peritoneal macrophages. (2) FCM indices included: T and B lymphocytes quantitating in mice peripheral blood, activated antigen expression level in the surface of T lymphocytes and NK cells and phagocytosis activity for fluospheres in mice peritoneal macrophages.

<b>RESULTSb>(1) Compared with the negative control group, there were no significant differences in T and B lymphocytes proportion and the number of lymphocytes in mice peripheral blood after given 0.83, 1.67, 5.01 g/kg protein powder; (2) mice peripheral blood T lymphocyte sub-cluster CD(69)(+)/CD(3)(+) of 3.75, 7.50, 15.0 ml/kg bw Cen-Rong Cream groups were all significantly increased (P < 0.05), which were shown a good coherence with the classic test index; (3) mice peripheral blood NK cell sub-cluster CD(69)(+)/NKG2D(+) of 0.83, 1.67 g/kg protein powder groups were both significantly increased (P < 0.05), which was kept in good coherence with those of NK cell activity test (LDH assay); rats peripheral blood NK cell sub-cluster CD(161a+)/CD(25)(+) of 1.50 g/kg ganoderma lucidum and cordycepicmycelia group was significantly increased (P < 0.05); (4) the phagocytosis activity in mice peritoneal macrophages: there were no significant difference found between the controls and the dosage groups in the classic test. However, in the FCM test, the percentage of phagocytic cells of 0.15, 0.30, 0.90 g/kg ganoderma lucidum and cordycepicmycelia groups and the phagocytic index of 0.30, 0.90 g/kg were enhanced.

<b>CONCLUSIONb>It suggests that was shown in detecting and assessing enhancing immune function of health food the results tested by FCM were fairly consistent with those by using traditional methods, most of them would have higher sensitivity. It should be valuable to applying FCM in the measurement and assessment of enhancing immune function of health food and worth while to further study as to enlarging its application.

Animals ; Antigens, CD ; analysis ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte ; analysis ; B-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; immunology ; CD3 Complex ; analysis ; Cell Survival ; Erythrocytes ; cytology ; immunology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; methods ; Food, Organic ; Humans ; Lectins, C-Type ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; cytology ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sheep ; Spleen ; cytology ; T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; immunology

Adult ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; blood ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged

Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte ; metabolism ; CD3 Complex ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Lectins, C-Type ; metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; drug effects ; immunology ; metabolism