OBJECTIVEMorphologic findings of pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis were analyzed in order to delineate diagnostic features.

METHODSH&E staining and immunohistochemical studies were performed on 7 cases of pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis.

RESULTSInfiltration by Langerhan's cells was obvious in all 7 cases. Inflammatory cell infiltrates, interstitial fibrosis and focal necrosis may also be seen. The cells expressed S-100 (7/7), CD68 (3/7), and CD1a (5/5).

CONCLUSIONSIn case there is radiologic suspicion of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, pulmonary biopsy is strongly advised for a definitive diagnosis. S-100 and CD1a immunostaining is also helpful in this respect.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antigens, CD ; analysis ; Antigens, CD1 ; analysis ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; analysis ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Langerhans Cells ; chemistry ; Lung ; pathology ; Male ; S100 Proteins ; analysis

Crystal-storing histiocytosis (CSH) is a rare event observed in association with lymphoproliferative diseases, and mainly occurrs in plasma cell dyscrasias. It is presumed to be an intra-lysosomal accumulation of the secreted paraproteins. Crystal formation can be seen inside histiocyte-like cells with phagocytosed crystalline inclusions in the bone marrow and extramedullary sites. CSH is a rare morphological entity with poor prognostic implications and may be confused with Gaucher or pseudo-Gaucher cells. Herein we report a case of non-secretory myeloma associated with CSH showing a poor clinical course. A 79-yr-old male presenting with dizziness was evaluated in hematology department for anemia. Laboratory tests revealed Hb of 4.9 g/dL and beta2-microglobulin of 21,000 ng/mL (reference range, 0-370). Presence of monoclonal protein was not detected on protein electrophoresis and immunofixation in serum and urine. However, serum free light chain assay showed an increased kappa-light chain level of 126 mg/L (reference range, 3.3-19.4) resulting in an increased kappa/lambda ratio. The bone marrow touch print showed numerous plasma cells and crystal-laden histiocytes and immunohistochemical stainings on bone marrow biopsy revealed positivity for CD38, CD56 and kappa in the plasma cells and CD68 and kappa in crystal-laden histiocytes.
Aged ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Antigens, CD38/metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism ; Bone Marrow Cells/pathology ; Histiocytosis/complications/*diagnosis/radiography ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/analysis ; Male ; Multiple Myeloma/complications/*diagnosis/radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVEIt has been proposed that aberrant immunity of local bowel mucosa may cause ulcerative colitis (UC) and the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) may play a role in the development of this disease. To investigate the role of TNF-alpha and NF-kappa B in childhood UC, the expression of TNF-alpha and NF-kappa B in the bowel mucosa and their relationship were studied.

METHODSUsing anti-CD68, anti-TNF-alpha and anti-NF-kappa Bp65 antibodies, the cytokine immunoreactivities in the bowel mucosa of 39 cases of childhood UC (active UC: n = 21, non-active UC: n = 18) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The control specimens of normal bowel mucosa were collected from 7 cases with colorectal polyp or abdominal pain by sigmoidoscopy.

RESULTSThe numbers (median: interquartile range) of CD68(+) cells, TNF-alpha(+) cells and NF-kappa Bp65(+) cells were 44.0 (31.5 - 48.2), 42.7 (19.5 - 65.0) and 50.7 (30.0 - 58.0) in the active UC mucosa, and were 9.2 (7.9 - 16.6), 5.5 (2.5 - 9.1) and 4.2 (3.0 - 8.4) in non-active UC mucosa, and 5.3 (4.3 - 8.7), 3.0 (0.0 - 6.3) and 3.3 (0.0 - 4.0) in the control mucosa, respectively. The levels of CD68, TNF-alpha and NF-kappa Bp65 expressions in the active UC were significantly higher than those in the non-active UC (P < 0.001) and the controls (P < 0.001). The expression level of CD68 in non-active UC was much higher than that in the controls (P = 0.008). Using the correlation analysis, a positive correlation between TNF-alpha and NF-kappa B activation was found (r = 0.885, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSMacrophages TNF-alpha and NF-kappa B may play an important role in the pathophysiologic mechanism of childhood active UC. The activation of NF-kappa B may be associated with the release of TNF-alpha.

Adolescent ; Antigens, CD ; analysis ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infant ; Male ; NF-kappa B ; analysis ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between hemoglobin scavenger receptor (CD163) expression levels on monocytic surfaces and coronary atherosclerotic severity in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) as well as the roles of CD163 in inflammation and lipidperoxidation.

METHODSEighty-four patients were diagnosed as CHD according to the results of coronary angiography and ACC/AHA diagnostic criteria. The patients were divided into 3 groups: acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group (n = 30), unstable angina (UA) group (n = 30), stable angina (SA) group (n = 24). Another 20 patients with normal coronary artery served as control. Expression levels of CD163 on monocytes were detected by means of flow cytometry, and the results were shown as mean fluorescence intensity (mfi). All patients underwent coronary angiography and the results were further evaluated by Jenkins score. Serum CRP and LDL-C were also measured.

RESULTSThe expression levels of CD163 on monocytes in peripheral blood were significantly higher in CHD patients compared to controls (P < 0.01) in the order of AMI group [(84.4 +/- 6.9) mfi] > UA group [(64.1 +/- 5.5) mfi, P < 0.01 vs. AMI] > SA group [(46.7 +/- 6.5) mfi, P < 0.01 vs. AMI and UA] > control group [(22.0 +/- 6.1) mfi, P < 0.01 vs. AMI, UA and SA]. The expression levels of CD163 on monocytes in patients with CHD were positively correlated with Jenkins score (r = 0.9107, P < 0.01), CRP (r = 0.766, P < 0.01) and LDL-C (r = 0.749, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSExpression levels of CD163 was significantly increased in patients with CHD and positively correlated with coronary heart disease severity and serum CRP and LDL-C.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Coronary Disease ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; metabolism ; Severity of Illness Index

OBJECTIVETo study the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi disease, KD).

METHODSHistologic analysis and immunohistochemical study (EnVision method) was carried out in 46 cases of KD, 5 cases of nonspecific lymphadenitis (NLD), 5 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 5 cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HD), 5 cases of cat-scratch disease (CSD) and 5 cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL). Electron microscopy was also performed in 6 cases of KD and 2 cases of NHL.

RESULTSThree histologic (proliferative, necrotizing and xanthomatous) patterns were noted in KD. In any of these patterns, there were some basic histologic findings: a wedge-shaped pale area at the edge of the lymph node or paracortical nodules associated with an increase in apoptotic cells or karyorrhectic debris, crescentic histiocytes, proliferative mononuclear histiocytes and absence of or very scanty neutrophils. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated focal occurrence of histiocytes expressing both CD68 and MPO. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of apoptotic bodies, proliferative mononuclear histiocytes, crescentic histiocytes and dispersed T cells in the lesional areas.

CONCLUSIONSIn general, there should not be much difficulty in differentiating KD from other types of lymphadenopathy. Sometimes, problems arise mainly because of the diversity of KD histology. Correct diagnosis can be made if one pays attention to the described characteristic morphology, peculiar immunophenotype of the histiocytes and possibly ultrastructural features.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Antigens, CD ; analysis ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; chemistry ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Middle Aged ; Peroxidase ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate clinicopathologic features, immunophenotypes and differential diagnoses of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma/tumor (FDCS).

METHODSEight cases of FDCS were studied using histological and immunohistochemical examinations and EBER in situ hybridization, with a review of the related literatures.

RESULTSThere were 5 male and 3 female patients with a median age of 50 years. The sites of involvement included lymph node (4 cases), tonsil, nasopharynx, liver, and spleen (1 case each, respectively). The predominant microscopic features histologically included storiform, fascicular, diffuse, whorled and nodular in patterns. The neoplastic cells, dispersed by the infiltrated small lymphocytes, were characterized by abundant eosinophilic or fine granular cytoplasm with indistinct cell borders, and syncytial in appearance. The nuclei of the tumors were ovoid, round to spindled in shape with vesicular or stippled chromatin and small distinct nucleoli. Mitotic figures varied among cases. Pseudovascular spaces and perivascular cuffing were observed in some cases. One case of FDCS involving lesion in liver showed a background of abundant lymphocytes mixing with dispersed spindle or ovoid neoplastic cells having delicate chromatin, mild nuclear atypia, irregular/vesicular nuclei and distinct nucleoli. The neoplastic cells were positive for CD21, CD35, clusterin, and weakly positive for CD68, EMA, S-100 and EGFR. Ki-67 stain showed a variable expression among cases. EBER was positive in 2 cases.

CONCLUSIONSFDCS is a rare malignant tumor with a tendency to relapse and metastasis. Combined morphological and immunophenotypical analysis is necessary to reach a correct diagnosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD ; analysis ; immunology ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; analysis ; immunology ; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Dendritic Cells ; pathology ; Female ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Complement 3d ; analysis ; immunology ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of HCMV infection on phenotypes of parotid duct epithelial cells and relative mechanisms.

METHODSThe expressions of immediate early antigen of HCMV, pan cytokeratin and cathepsin D etc. were detected by immunohistochemical staining in tissues of parotid cytomegalic inclusion disease.

RESULTSCytokeratin which acts as an epithelial marker became negative while staining of Cathepsin D was intensified in parotid duct epithelial cells after infected by HCMV.

CONCLUSIONIt demonstrated that cytokeratin was lost through over-expression of Cathepsin D in parotid duct epithelial cells infected by HCMV.

Animals ; Antigens, CD ; analysis ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; analysis ; Antigens, Viral ; analysis ; Cathepsin D ; analysis ; Cytomegalovirus ; immunology ; physiology ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Desmin ; analysis ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Female ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; analysis ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infant ; Keratins ; analysis ; Male ; Mice ; Salivary Ducts ; metabolism ; pathology ; virology ; Vimentin ; analysis

BACKGROUND: The aberrant, leukemia-associated antigen expression patterns allow us to discriminate leukemic blasts from normal precursor cells. Our major goal was to determine a guideline for the detection of minimal residual disease using CD20+/CD34+ and myeloid Ag+/CD19+ combination in the bone marrow of acute leukemia in complete remission (CR) after chemotherapy. METHODS: Bone marrow samples from 117 patients with acute leukemia in complete remission after chemotherapy and from 22 healthy controls were immunophenotyped by triple staining and measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The CD20+/CD34+ cells in the large lymphocyte gate (R1) ranged from 0% to 3.24% (0.8+/-0.82%, P=0.000) in CD20+/CD34+ B-lineage ALL CR (N=31), from 0.03% to 4.2% (0.7+/-0.83%, P=0.000) in CD20-/CD34- B-lineage ALL CR (N=66), from 0.1% to 0.96% (0.45+/-0.32%, P=0.016) in T-ALL CR (N=10), and from 0.02% to 0.48% (0.18+/-0.15%, P=0.776) in AML CR (N=10). The CD13,33+/CD19+ cells in R1 gate ranged from 0% to 2.69% (0.37+/-0.48%, P<0.001) in CD13,33+/CD19+ B-lineage ALL CR (N=31), from 0% to 1.8% (0.31+/-0.28%, P<0.001) in CD13,33-/CD19+B-lineage ALL CR (N=65), from 0.02% to 0.64% (0.29+/-0.22%, P=0.071) in T-ALL CR (N=9), and from 0% to 0.17% (0.07+/-0.09%, P=0.341) in AML CR (N=3). CONCLUSIONS: Using an immunophenotypic method for the detection of early relapse or minimal residual disease of B-lineage ALL bone marrow in CR after chemotherapy, different cutoff values should be applied according to antigen combination and gating. When the proportion of aberrant antigen combination was less than 5% in large lymphocyte gate, the results should be interpreted with caution.
Acute Disease ; Antigens, CD/*metabolism ; Antigens, CD19/metabolism ; Antigens, CD20/metabolism ; Antigens, CD34/metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/analysis/metabolism ; Bone Marrow Cells/*classification/metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells/classification/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemia/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis/drug therapy ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Remission Induction ; Tumor Markers, Biological/immunology

In order to investigate the potential of human ERMAP gene in erythroid cell differentiation, K562 cells were induced to erythroid lineage by Ara-C and to macrophage lineage by TPA, human ERMAP mRNA was detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR. The results showed that human ERMAP mRNA increased while K562 cells were induced to erythroid lineage after treatment with Ara-C at 2.5 x 10(-6) mmol/L/L and 1.0 x 10(-6) mmol/L/L. Human ERMAP mRNA not changed while K562 cells were induced to macrophage lineage after treatment with TPA at 2.0 x 10(-6) mmol/L/L and 1.0 x 10(-6) mmol/L/L. It is concluded that human ERMAP gene plays an important role in differentiation and proliferation of erythroid cells.
Antigens, CD ; analysis ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; analysis ; Blood Group Antigens ; genetics ; Butyrophilins ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; genetics ; Cytarabine ; pharmacology ; Erythrocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Flow Cytometry ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Macrophages ; cytology ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Receptors, Transferrin ; analysis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3 ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate ; pharmacology ; Time Factors

Osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the pancreas is a very rare neoplasm, of which the histiogenesis remains controversial. A 63-yr-old woman was hospitalized for evaluation of epigastric pain. An abdominal computerized tomography revealed the presence of a large cystic mass, arising from the tail of pancreas. A distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy was performed. Histologically, the tumor was composed of mononuclear stromal cells intermingled with osteclast-like giant cells. In addition, there was a small area of moderately to well differentiated ductal adenocarcinoma. The final pathologic diagnosis was osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the pancreas with ductal adenocarcinoma. Here, we describe the histopathological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and molecular biological findings of this tumor with review of the literature pertaining to this condition.
Antigens, CD/analysis ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/analysis ; CA-15-3 Antigen/analysis ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism/*pathology/ultrastructure ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Giant Cell Tumors/metabolism/*pathology/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratin/analysis ; Microscopy, Electron ; Middle Aged ; Osteoclasts/*pathology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism/*pathology/ultrastructure ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/analysis ; Vimentin/analysis