There have been many reports stating that halperidol premedication has been used for sefative and antiemetic effects. Therefore we utilized haloperidol as a premedicant for the purpose of obtaining the above effects. Over a period of one year from march 1978 to February 1979, 0.1mg haloperidol per kilogram of body weight was given to 747 patients. The results were as follows. 1)The extrapyramidal symptioms appeared in children, especially in the 10-year old group. 2) Large doses of haloperidol were more likely to cause to extrapyramidal symptoms than smaller doses(over 0.1mg/kg) 3)The effects of haloperidol lasted for a considerable duration of time after administration, (about 24-48 hous).
Antiemetics ; Body Weight ; Child ; Haloperidol* ; Humans ; Premedication*

No abstract available.
Antiemetics* ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Humans ; Ondansetron*

No abstract available.
Antiemetics* ; Cisplatin* ; Dexamethasone* ; Humans ; Lorazepam* ; Metoclopramide* ; Ondansetron*

In children and adolescents with acute gastroenteritis and other gastrointestinal disease, antiemetics are frequently used. But there are insufficient data about antiemetic use in children, so it should be used carefully. Despite some significant researches, treatment guidelines of ondansetron will be carefully presented through further investigation.
Adolescent ; Antiemetics ; Child ; Gastroenteritis ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Humans ; Ondansetron

In children and adolescents with acute gastroenteritis and other gastrointestinal disease, antiemetics are frequently used. But there are insufficient data about antiemetic use in children, so it should be used carefully. Despite some significant researches, treatment guidelines of ondansetron will be carefully presented through further investigation.
Adolescent ; Antiemetics ; Child ; Gastroenteritis ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Humans ; Ondansetron

Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is typically biphasic. The acute phase usually peaks in 5-6 hours after the administration of chemotherapeutic agents and the delayed phase can occur subsequently over 24hours after chemotherapy. Antiemetic therapy is crucial to prevent this unwanted side effect effectively, and NK1 antagonist, 5-HT3 antagonist, corticosteroid are the main player. The combination and dosing is determined by the emetogenicity of the chemotherapeutic agents to be administrated.
Antiemetics ; Nausea ; Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: Data on the efficacy of olanzapine in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) are limited. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of olanzapine versus placebo in controlling nausea and vomiting in patients receiving MEC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine whether olanzapine can reduce the frequency of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and improve the quality of life (QOL) in patients receiving palonosetron and dexamethasone as prophylaxis for MEC-induced nausea and vomiting. The primary end point was complete response for the acute phase (0-24 hours after chemotherapy). The secondary end points were complete response for the delayed (24-120 hours) and overall phase (0-120 hours), proportion of significant nausea (visual analogue scale ≥ 25 mm), use ofrescue medications, and effect on QOL. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients were randomized to the olanzapine (n=29) and placebo (n=27) groups. Complete response rates were not significantly different between the olanzapine and placebo groups in the acute (96.5% vs. 88.0%, p=0.326), delayed (69.0% vs. 48.0%, p=0.118), and overall phases (69.0% vs. 48.0%, p=0.118). However, the percentage of patients with significant nausea (17.2% vs. 44.0%, p=0.032) and the use of rescue medications (0.03±0.19 vs. 1.88±2.88, p=0.002) were lower in the olanzapine group than in the placebo. Furthermore, the olanzapine group demonstrated better QOL (p=0.015). CONCLUSION: Olanzapine combined with palonosetron and dexamethasone significantly improved QOL and vomiting control among previously untreated patients receiving MEC, although the efficacy was limited to the reduction of the frequency of CINV.
Antiemetics ; Dexamethasone ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Nausea* ; Quality of Life ; Vomiting*

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most common complications following surgery performed under general anesthesia, especially in female patients. A reduction of PONV would improve the overall satisfaction of patients with their hospital experience and the quality of patient care. We have compared the efficacy of ondansetron to droperidol and saline in the prevention of PONV in 90 ASA 1 and 2 patients undergoing breast surgery. METHODS: Patients were randomly divided into four groups to receive pretreatment with a placebo 20 ml, droperidol 1.25 mg and ondansetron 4 mg, or 8 mg. Postoperatively, all episodes of PONV experienced by the patients during the first 24 hours after anesthesia were recorded by study personnel without knowledge of which antiemetics the patients had received. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the incidence of PONV between the four groups. No major adverse effects were observed in the ondansetron or droperidol groups. CONCLSIONS: The present study demonstrates that droperidol 1.25 mg, ondansetron 4 mg, or 8 mg IV are not superior to a placebo IV in preventing PONV after breast surgery.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Antiemetics* ; Breast* ; Droperidol* ; Female* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ondansetron* ; Patient Care ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting remain troublesome problems, especially in pediatric patients receiving the opioid analgesics. This study was designed to evaluate the difference between bolus injection and continuous infusion of ondansetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in pediatric patients with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA). METHODS: Sixty patients undergoing pectus excavatum repair were randomly assigned into three groups, no antiemetic (Group 1, n = 20), intraoperative ondansetron 0.1 mg/kg IV bolus (Group 2, n = 20), ondansetron 0.1 mg/kg mixed with IV-PCA (Group 3, n = 20). The incidence of nausea, vomiting, the need for rescue antiemetics, side effects and pain score were recorded for 48 hr postoperatively. RESULTS: The incidence of nausea in Group 2 (20%) and Group 3 (25%) was significantly lower than Group 1 (60%). There was no significant difference in the incidence of vomiting among the groups (Group 1:60%, Group 2:20%, Group 3:20%). The need for rescue antiemetics was significantly lower in Group 2 and 3 than Group 1. CONCLUSIONS: In pediatric patients undergoing pectus excavatum repair, bolus injection and continuous infusion of ondansetron were effective in preventing postoperative nausea during IV-PCA. And the need for rescue antiemetics was significantly decreased.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Antiemetics ; Funnel Chest ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nausea ; Ondansetron ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Vomiting

Nausea and vomiting are common problems after strabismus surgery in pediatric patients. We compared the effects of droperidol and ephedrine with conventional regimen consisting of halothane-N2O to the effects of conventional regimen itself, 69 children. ASA physical status l, ages 1-12yrs, were studied. Each child was randomly assigned to receive droperidol 0.04mg/kg., ephedrine 0.5mg/kg or normal saline 2ml intramuscularly, 10 minutes before the end of surgery. The incidence of postanesthetic nausea and vomiting was 17% in the droperidol group(p<0.05)., 13% in the ephedrine group(p<0.05), which were significantly less than the control group(43%). But there was no significant difference between droperidol group and ephedrine group. We concluded that droperidol and ephedrine have significant postoperative antiemetic effect in patients undergoing strabismus surgery.
Antiemetics ; Child* ; Droperidol ; Ephedrine ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nausea ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting* ; Strabismus* ; Vomiting