No abstract available.
Antiemetics* ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Humans ; Ondansetron*

There have been many reports stating that halperidol premedication has been used for sefative and antiemetic effects. Therefore we utilized haloperidol as a premedicant for the purpose of obtaining the above effects. Over a period of one year from march 1978 to February 1979, 0.1mg haloperidol per kilogram of body weight was given to 747 patients. The results were as follows. 1)The extrapyramidal symptioms appeared in children, especially in the 10-year old group. 2) Large doses of haloperidol were more likely to cause to extrapyramidal symptoms than smaller doses(over 0.1mg/kg) 3)The effects of haloperidol lasted for a considerable duration of time after administration, (about 24-48 hous).
Antiemetics ; Body Weight ; Child ; Haloperidol* ; Humans ; Premedication*

No abstract available.
Antiemetics* ; Cisplatin* ; Dexamethasone* ; Humans ; Lorazepam* ; Metoclopramide* ; Ondansetron*

Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is typically biphasic. The acute phase usually peaks in 5-6 hours after the administration of chemotherapeutic agents and the delayed phase can occur subsequently over 24hours after chemotherapy. Antiemetic therapy is crucial to prevent this unwanted side effect effectively, and NK1 antagonist, 5-HT3 antagonist, corticosteroid are the main player. The combination and dosing is determined by the emetogenicity of the chemotherapeutic agents to be administrated.
Antiemetics ; Nausea ; Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists ; Vomiting

In children and adolescents with acute gastroenteritis and other gastrointestinal disease, antiemetics are frequently used. But there are insufficient data about antiemetic use in children, so it should be used carefully. Despite some significant researches, treatment guidelines of ondansetron will be carefully presented through further investigation.
Adolescent ; Antiemetics ; Child ; Gastroenteritis ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Humans ; Ondansetron

In children and adolescents with acute gastroenteritis and other gastrointestinal disease, antiemetics are frequently used. But there are insufficient data about antiemetic use in children, so it should be used carefully. Despite some significant researches, treatment guidelines of ondansetron will be carefully presented through further investigation.
Adolescent ; Antiemetics ; Child ; Gastroenteritis ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Humans ; Ondansetron

PURPOSE: Data on the efficacy of olanzapine in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) are limited. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of olanzapine versus placebo in controlling nausea and vomiting in patients receiving MEC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine whether olanzapine can reduce the frequency of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and improve the quality of life (QOL) in patients receiving palonosetron and dexamethasone as prophylaxis for MEC-induced nausea and vomiting. The primary end point was complete response for the acute phase (0-24 hours after chemotherapy). The secondary end points were complete response for the delayed (24-120 hours) and overall phase (0-120 hours), proportion of significant nausea (visual analogue scale ≥ 25 mm), use ofrescue medications, and effect on QOL. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients were randomized to the olanzapine (n=29) and placebo (n=27) groups. Complete response rates were not significantly different between the olanzapine and placebo groups in the acute (96.5% vs. 88.0%, p=0.326), delayed (69.0% vs. 48.0%, p=0.118), and overall phases (69.0% vs. 48.0%, p=0.118). However, the percentage of patients with significant nausea (17.2% vs. 44.0%, p=0.032) and the use of rescue medications (0.03±0.19 vs. 1.88±2.88, p=0.002) were lower in the olanzapine group than in the placebo. Furthermore, the olanzapine group demonstrated better QOL (p=0.015). CONCLUSION: Olanzapine combined with palonosetron and dexamethasone significantly improved QOL and vomiting control among previously untreated patients receiving MEC, although the efficacy was limited to the reduction of the frequency of CINV.
Antiemetics ; Dexamethasone ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Nausea* ; Quality of Life ; Vomiting*

Dizziness is a very common symptom encountered by primary care physicians. Dizziness can be divided into five subgroups according to symptoms. These subgroups can be determined by a patient's history and allow the physician to deduce the etiology. A careful and systematic approach to dizzy patients is the key to a correct diagnosis and finding the optimal treatment. Physicians should obtain a detailed history from the patient in an open-ended fashion. Brief and comprehensive bedside neuro-otologic examinations, such as cranial nerve examinations, the Dix-Hallpike test, and the head thrust test cannot be omitted for an accurate diagnosis. Knowledge about the numerous disease entities that may contribute to dizziness can be essential for differential diagnosis. In addition, this article provides information about frequently prescribed drugs, including vestibular suppressants and antiemetics.
Antiemetics ; Cranial Nerves ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dizziness ; Head ; Humans ; Physicians, Primary Care ; Primary Health Care

PURPOSE: Tropisetron, a new specific 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist, is an effective antiemetic agent in the control of chemotherapy induced emesis with a long half life and bioavailablity. We compared the efficacy and safefy of Tropisetron and ondansetron to control emesis induced by highly emetogenic chemotherapeutics (cisplatin > or = 50 mg/m(2)). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one patients were administered in a randomized, open, crossover study and received either tropisetron plus dexamethasone or ondansetron plus dexamethasone during two successive cycles of chemotherapy. RESULTS: Control of acute emesis with either tropisetron or ondansetron was 100% vs 95.2%, and 80.9% vs 76.2% in control of delayed emesis. Both severity and duration of nausea showed no statistically significant difference between tropisetron and ondansetron. Poor appetite and headache were most common side effects in both groups. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in efficacy for control of emesis and nausea between tropisetron and ondansetron in cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
Antiemetics* ; Appetite ; Cisplatin* ; Cross-Over Studies ; Dexamethasone ; Drug Therapy ; Half-Life ; Headache ; Humans ; Nausea ; Ondansetron* ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting remains a common problem following thyroidectomy. This study was designed to compare the prophylactic effects of ramosetron with dexamethasone on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in women undergoing thyroidectomy. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study, one hundred fifty women (ASA physical status 1, 2), scheduled for thyroidectomy, were allocated to one of three groups. They received an intravenous saline (group C), dexamethasone 0.15 mg/kg (group D) or ramosetron 6g/kg (group R) after induction of anesthesia. The incidence and severity of PONV, the need for rescue antiemetics, and the side effects of antiemetics during 48 hours after surgery were evaluated. RESULTS: The incidence of PONV of group R and D was similarly lower than that of group C, with an incidence of 14%, 22%, 66%, respectively (P 0.01; group R versus group C, group D versus group C). However, the severity of nausea and the need for rescue antiemetics of group R were significantly lower than those of group D and C. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that both ramosetron and dexamethasone were effective as prophylactic antiemetics in women undergoing thyroidectomy. But, compared with dexamethasone, ramosetron was more effective in reducing the severity of PONV and the need for rescue antiemetics.
Anesthesia ; Antiemetics ; Dexamethasone ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nausea* ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Thyroidectomy* ; Vomiting*