There have been many reports stating that halperidol premedication has been used for sefative and antiemetic effects. Therefore we utilized haloperidol as a premedicant for the purpose of obtaining the above effects. Over a period of one year from march 1978 to February 1979, 0.1mg haloperidol per kilogram of body weight was given to 747 patients. The results were as follows. 1)The extrapyramidal symptioms appeared in children, especially in the 10-year old group. 2) Large doses of haloperidol were more likely to cause to extrapyramidal symptoms than smaller doses(over 0.1mg/kg) 3)The effects of haloperidol lasted for a considerable duration of time after administration, (about 24-48 hous).
Antiemetics ; Body Weight ; Child ; Haloperidol* ; Humans ; Premedication*

No abstract available.
Antiemetics* ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Humans ; Ondansetron*

No abstract available.
Antiemetics* ; Cisplatin* ; Dexamethasone* ; Humans ; Lorazepam* ; Metoclopramide* ; Ondansetron*

Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is typically biphasic. The acute phase usually peaks in 5-6 hours after the administration of chemotherapeutic agents and the delayed phase can occur subsequently over 24hours after chemotherapy. Antiemetic therapy is crucial to prevent this unwanted side effect effectively, and NK1 antagonist, 5-HT3 antagonist, corticosteroid are the main player. The combination and dosing is determined by the emetogenicity of the chemotherapeutic agents to be administrated.
Antiemetics ; Nausea ; Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists ; Vomiting

In children and adolescents with acute gastroenteritis and other gastrointestinal disease, antiemetics are frequently used. But there are insufficient data about antiemetic use in children, so it should be used carefully. Despite some significant researches, treatment guidelines of ondansetron will be carefully presented through further investigation.
Adolescent ; Antiemetics ; Child ; Gastroenteritis ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Humans ; Ondansetron

In children and adolescents with acute gastroenteritis and other gastrointestinal disease, antiemetics are frequently used. But there are insufficient data about antiemetic use in children, so it should be used carefully. Despite some significant researches, treatment guidelines of ondansetron will be carefully presented through further investigation.
Adolescent ; Antiemetics ; Child ; Gastroenteritis ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Humans ; Ondansetron

PURPOSE: Data on the efficacy of olanzapine in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) are limited. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of olanzapine versus placebo in controlling nausea and vomiting in patients receiving MEC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine whether olanzapine can reduce the frequency of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and improve the quality of life (QOL) in patients receiving palonosetron and dexamethasone as prophylaxis for MEC-induced nausea and vomiting. The primary end point was complete response for the acute phase (0-24 hours after chemotherapy). The secondary end points were complete response for the delayed (24-120 hours) and overall phase (0-120 hours), proportion of significant nausea (visual analogue scale ≥ 25 mm), use ofrescue medications, and effect on QOL. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients were randomized to the olanzapine (n=29) and placebo (n=27) groups. Complete response rates were not significantly different between the olanzapine and placebo groups in the acute (96.5% vs. 88.0%, p=0.326), delayed (69.0% vs. 48.0%, p=0.118), and overall phases (69.0% vs. 48.0%, p=0.118). However, the percentage of patients with significant nausea (17.2% vs. 44.0%, p=0.032) and the use of rescue medications (0.03±0.19 vs. 1.88±2.88, p=0.002) were lower in the olanzapine group than in the placebo. Furthermore, the olanzapine group demonstrated better QOL (p=0.015). CONCLUSION: Olanzapine combined with palonosetron and dexamethasone significantly improved QOL and vomiting control among previously untreated patients receiving MEC, although the efficacy was limited to the reduction of the frequency of CINV.
Antiemetics ; Dexamethasone ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Nausea* ; Quality of Life ; Vomiting*

BACKGROUND: Although ondansetron is effective at preventing and treating postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), the optimal timing of its administration has not been established. In this study we evaluated the effect of the timing of ondansetron administration on its antiemetic efficacy in patients undergoing thyroidectomy. METHODS: One hundred and twelve patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomized to receive placebo (control group, n = 40) or 70microgram/kg of ondansetron prior to induction (Pre-group, n = 36), or 70microgram/kg of ondansetron at the end of surgery (Post- group, n = 36). The incidence of PONV, adverse events, the need for rescue antiemetics, and nausea severity scores were assessed at 0 to 1 hour and 1 to 24 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: During the first 24 hours after anesthesia, the incidences of PONV in the control, and Pre- and Post-groups were 62.5%, 52.8%, and 52.8%, and there was no significant difference among the groups. During the period 1 hour to 24 hours after anesthesia, the incidences of vomiting (with nausea) and rescue antiemetics were significantly lower in the Pre- and Post-groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). Overall, the incidence of vomiting (with nausea) was significantly lower in the Pre-group than in the control group and the incidence of rescue antiemetics was significantly lower in the Pre- and Post-groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with thyroidectomy, the perioperative administration of 70microgram/kg ondansetron was found to reduce the incidence of vomiting and the need for rescue antiemetics. However, the timing of ondansetron administration did not affect antiemetic efficacy.
Anesthesia ; Antiemetics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nausea ; Ondansetron* ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Thyroidectomy* ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Midazolam has been reported to decrease postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). We studied the antiemetic effect of midazolam after middle ear surgery. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 90 healthy patients were scheduled for middle ear surgery (tympanomastoidectomy and tympanoplasty). Patients were randomly divided into two groups; Midazolam 0.075 mg/kg (n = 45) or normal saline (n = 45) was administered after induction of anesthesia. The incidence of PONV, metoclopramide and ketorolac usage, pain, sedation, and other side effects were assessed at 6, 24 h after the operation. RESULTS: The incidences of PONV were 15 (33%) in midazolam group and 27 (60%) in placebo group during 24 h postoperatively. The incidence of PONV in midazolam group was significantly lower than that in placebo group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between groups in adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Midazolam 0.075 mg/kg was effective for preventing PONV after middle ear surgery without significant adverse effects.
Anesthesia ; Antiemetics ; Ear, Middle* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ketorolac ; Metoclopramide ; Midazolam* ; Nausea* ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Prospective Studies ; Vomiting*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the compliance with the protocol, which was developed considering the emetogenic potential for prophylaxis of chemotherapy. METHODS: Data was collected from 144 patients who received chemotherapy from June 15 to August 31, 2010 in C University Hospital in Jeollanamdo, Korea. The level of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and the compliance with the protocol for prophylaxis of CINV were measured. RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference of CINV in morning sickness and anticipatory nausea of general and clinical characteristics. Also, the compliance with the protocol developed according to emetogenic potential of chemotherapy was statistically significant. There was no difference in CINV in regard to the compliance with the protocol. CONCLUSION: There was a good compliance with the protocol for prophylaxis according to emetogenic potential. But it should be recommended to use antiemetics for prophylaxis aggressively to relieve CINV for the patients who already experienced morning sickness and anticipatory nausea. In addition, the oncology nurses should respond sensitively to the complaints of nausea and vomiting no matter what the emetogenic potentials of chemotherapy regimen are.
Antiemetics ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Compliance ; Female ; Guideline Adherence ; Humans ; Korea ; Morning Sickness ; Nausea ; Pregnancy ; Vomiting