There have been many reports stating that halperidol premedication has been used for sefative and antiemetic effects. Therefore we utilized haloperidol as a premedicant for the purpose of obtaining the above effects. Over a period of one year from march 1978 to February 1979, 0.1mg haloperidol per kilogram of body weight was given to 747 patients. The results were as follows. 1)The extrapyramidal symptioms appeared in children, especially in the 10-year old group. 2) Large doses of haloperidol were more likely to cause to extrapyramidal symptoms than smaller doses(over 0.1mg/kg) 3)The effects of haloperidol lasted for a considerable duration of time after administration, (about 24-48 hous).
Antiemetics ; Body Weight ; Child ; Haloperidol* ; Humans ; Premedication*

No abstract available.
Antiemetics* ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Humans ; Ondansetron*

No abstract available.
Antiemetics* ; Cisplatin* ; Dexamethasone* ; Humans ; Lorazepam* ; Metoclopramide* ; Ondansetron*

In children and adolescents with acute gastroenteritis and other gastrointestinal disease, antiemetics are frequently used. But there are insufficient data about antiemetic use in children, so it should be used carefully. Despite some significant researches, treatment guidelines of ondansetron will be carefully presented through further investigation.
Adolescent ; Antiemetics ; Child ; Gastroenteritis ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Humans ; Ondansetron

In children and adolescents with acute gastroenteritis and other gastrointestinal disease, antiemetics are frequently used. But there are insufficient data about antiemetic use in children, so it should be used carefully. Despite some significant researches, treatment guidelines of ondansetron will be carefully presented through further investigation.
Adolescent ; Antiemetics ; Child ; Gastroenteritis ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Humans ; Ondansetron

Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is typically biphasic. The acute phase usually peaks in 5-6 hours after the administration of chemotherapeutic agents and the delayed phase can occur subsequently over 24hours after chemotherapy. Antiemetic therapy is crucial to prevent this unwanted side effect effectively, and NK1 antagonist, 5-HT3 antagonist, corticosteroid are the main player. The combination and dosing is determined by the emetogenicity of the chemotherapeutic agents to be administrated.
Antiemetics ; Nausea ; Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: Data on the efficacy of olanzapine in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) are limited. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of olanzapine versus placebo in controlling nausea and vomiting in patients receiving MEC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine whether olanzapine can reduce the frequency of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and improve the quality of life (QOL) in patients receiving palonosetron and dexamethasone as prophylaxis for MEC-induced nausea and vomiting. The primary end point was complete response for the acute phase (0-24 hours after chemotherapy). The secondary end points were complete response for the delayed (24-120 hours) and overall phase (0-120 hours), proportion of significant nausea (visual analogue scale ≥ 25 mm), use ofrescue medications, and effect on QOL. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients were randomized to the olanzapine (n=29) and placebo (n=27) groups. Complete response rates were not significantly different between the olanzapine and placebo groups in the acute (96.5% vs. 88.0%, p=0.326), delayed (69.0% vs. 48.0%, p=0.118), and overall phases (69.0% vs. 48.0%, p=0.118). However, the percentage of patients with significant nausea (17.2% vs. 44.0%, p=0.032) and the use of rescue medications (0.03±0.19 vs. 1.88±2.88, p=0.002) were lower in the olanzapine group than in the placebo. Furthermore, the olanzapine group demonstrated better QOL (p=0.015). CONCLUSION: Olanzapine combined with palonosetron and dexamethasone significantly improved QOL and vomiting control among previously untreated patients receiving MEC, although the efficacy was limited to the reduction of the frequency of CINV.
Antiemetics ; Dexamethasone ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Nausea* ; Quality of Life ; Vomiting*

BACKGROUND: Thyroidectomy has been a surgical procedure associated with a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and conventional antiemetics cannot prevent PONV effectively. In this study, we compared the efficacy and safety of ondansetron 70 microgram/kg, droperidol 10 microgram/kg and combination of both drugs to placebo in the prevention of PONV. METHODS: Seventy-six patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomized to receive placebo (Group I, n=20), ondansetron 70 microgram/kg (Group II, n=19), droperidol 10 microgram/kg (Group III, n=18) and combination of both drugs (Group IV, n=19). The effects of these regimens on the incidence and severity of PONV and adverse events were analyzed for the 0 to 1 hour and 1 to 24 hours postoperative periods. RESULTS: In the 0 to 1 hour postoperative periods, the incidence of symptom free (no nausea and retching or vomiting) paients were 60% for placebo, 68.4% for ondansetron (p>0.05 versus placebo group), 88.9% for droperidol (p<0.05 versus placebo group), and 94.7% for combination of both drugs (p<0.05 versus placebo and ondansetron group). In the 1 to 24 hours postoperative period, the incidence of symptom free patients were 35% for placebo, 52.6% for ondansetron (p>0.05 versus placebo group), 77.8% for droperidol (p<0.05 versus placebo group), and 78.9% for combination of both drugs (p<0.05 versus placebo group). Overall, during the first 24 hours postoperatively, the incidence of symptom free patients were 30% for placebo, 42.1% for ondansetron (p>0.05 versus placebo group), 77.8% for droperidol (p<0.05 versus placebo and ondansetron group), and 73.7% for combination of both drugs (p<0.05 versus placebo and ondansetron group). Also, there were no significant differences between the droperidol and droperidol plus ondansetron group. Among the side effects associated with antiemetics, headache and dizziness incidence was higher. CONCLUSIONS: Droperidol and combination of ondansetron plus droperidol was superior to placebo, and ondansetron for prevention of PONV during the first 24 hours postoperative period.
Antiemetics* ; Dizziness ; Droperidol* ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nausea ; Ondansetron* ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Postoperative Period ; Thyroidectomy*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to compare the antiemetic efficacy and tolerability of intravenous dolasetron mesylate and ondansetron in the prevention of acute and delayed emesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From April 2002 through October 2002, a total of 112 patients receiving cisplatin- based combination chemotherapy were randomized to receive a single i.v. dose of dolasetron 100 mg or ondansetron 8 mg, 30 minutes before the initiation of chemotherapy. In the ondansetron group, two additional doses of ondansetron 8 mg were given at intervals of 2 to 4 hours. To prevent delayed emesis, dolasetron 200 mg p.o. daily or ondansetron 8 mg p.o. bid was administered from the 2nd days to a maximum of 5 days. The primary end point was the proportion of patients that experienced no emetic episodes and required no rescue medication (complete response, CR) during the 24 hours (acute period) and during Day 2 to Day 5 2 days (delayed period), after chemotherapy. The secondary end points included the incidence and severity of emesis. RESULTS: 105 patients were evaluable for efficacy. CR rates during the acute period were 36.0% for a single dose of dolasetron 100 mg, and 43.6% for three doses of ondansetron 8 mg. CR rates during the delayed period were 8.0% and 10.9%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the efficacy between the two groups. Adverse effects were mostly mild to moderate and not related to study medication. CONCLUSIONS: A single i.v. dose of dolasetron 100 mg is as effective as three i.v. doses of ondansetron 8 mg in preventing acute and delayed emesis after cisplatin- based chemotherapy, with a comparable safety profile.
Antiemetics ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mesylates* ; Nausea ; Ondansetron* ; Vomiting*

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains a challenge for patients and health professionals despite various newly developed prophylactic interventions. We reviewed the efficacy and safety of ramosetron in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for the prevention of PONV. METHODS: We reviewed 18 randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy and safety of ramosetron in comparison with placebo or any other drugs. Relevant studies were searched in the MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane database libraries. Our end points of concern were prevention of PONV and adverse effects as dichotomous data. RESULTS: The prophylactic effect of 0.3 mg ramosetron was observed in early PON (relative risk, RR: 0.4; 95% CI 0.3-0.6), early POV (RR: 0.3; 95% CI 0.1-0.6), late POV (RR: 0.3; 95% CI 0.1-0.6), but not late PON (RR: 0.7; 95% CI 0.5-1.0). Compared with placebo, the efficacy of 0.3 mg ramosetron in adults and 6 microg/kg in children were consistently beneficial in preventing PONV overall (RR: 0.4; 95% CI: 03-0.6). The effects of 0.3 mg ramosetron and 3 mg granisetron were similar. No serious side effects or adverse events resulted from ramosetron and other active drugs, and incidence was similar to those of the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Ramosetron is effective and safe in children and adults without serious adverse effects compared with placebo or other active drugs, as shown in pooled data of RCTs, in terms of the prevention of PONV.
Adult ; Antiemetics ; Benzimidazoles ; Child ; Granisetron ; Health Occupations ; Humans ; Incidence ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting