No abstract available.
Antiemetics* ; Cisplatin* ; Dexamethasone* ; Humans ; Lorazepam* ; Metoclopramide* ; Ondansetron*

There have been many reports stating that halperidol premedication has been used for sefative and antiemetic effects. Therefore we utilized haloperidol as a premedicant for the purpose of obtaining the above effects. Over a period of one year from march 1978 to February 1979, 0.1mg haloperidol per kilogram of body weight was given to 747 patients. The results were as follows. 1)The extrapyramidal symptioms appeared in children, especially in the 10-year old group. 2) Large doses of haloperidol were more likely to cause to extrapyramidal symptoms than smaller doses(over 0.1mg/kg) 3)The effects of haloperidol lasted for a considerable duration of time after administration, (about 24-48 hous).
Antiemetics ; Body Weight ; Child ; Haloperidol* ; Humans ; Premedication*

No abstract available.
Antiemetics* ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Humans ; Ondansetron*

In children and adolescents with acute gastroenteritis and other gastrointestinal disease, antiemetics are frequently used. But there are insufficient data about antiemetic use in children, so it should be used carefully. Despite some significant researches, treatment guidelines of ondansetron will be carefully presented through further investigation.
Adolescent ; Antiemetics ; Child ; Gastroenteritis ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Humans ; Ondansetron

In children and adolescents with acute gastroenteritis and other gastrointestinal disease, antiemetics are frequently used. But there are insufficient data about antiemetic use in children, so it should be used carefully. Despite some significant researches, treatment guidelines of ondansetron will be carefully presented through further investigation.
Adolescent ; Antiemetics ; Child ; Gastroenteritis ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Humans ; Ondansetron

Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is typically biphasic. The acute phase usually peaks in 5-6 hours after the administration of chemotherapeutic agents and the delayed phase can occur subsequently over 24hours after chemotherapy. Antiemetic therapy is crucial to prevent this unwanted side effect effectively, and NK1 antagonist, 5-HT3 antagonist, corticosteroid are the main player. The combination and dosing is determined by the emetogenicity of the chemotherapeutic agents to be administrated.
Antiemetics ; Nausea ; Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: Data on the efficacy of olanzapine in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) are limited. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of olanzapine versus placebo in controlling nausea and vomiting in patients receiving MEC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine whether olanzapine can reduce the frequency of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and improve the quality of life (QOL) in patients receiving palonosetron and dexamethasone as prophylaxis for MEC-induced nausea and vomiting. The primary end point was complete response for the acute phase (0-24 hours after chemotherapy). The secondary end points were complete response for the delayed (24-120 hours) and overall phase (0-120 hours), proportion of significant nausea (visual analogue scale ≥ 25 mm), use ofrescue medications, and effect on QOL. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients were randomized to the olanzapine (n=29) and placebo (n=27) groups. Complete response rates were not significantly different between the olanzapine and placebo groups in the acute (96.5% vs. 88.0%, p=0.326), delayed (69.0% vs. 48.0%, p=0.118), and overall phases (69.0% vs. 48.0%, p=0.118). However, the percentage of patients with significant nausea (17.2% vs. 44.0%, p=0.032) and the use of rescue medications (0.03±0.19 vs. 1.88±2.88, p=0.002) were lower in the olanzapine group than in the placebo. Furthermore, the olanzapine group demonstrated better QOL (p=0.015). CONCLUSION: Olanzapine combined with palonosetron and dexamethasone significantly improved QOL and vomiting control among previously untreated patients receiving MEC, although the efficacy was limited to the reduction of the frequency of CINV.
Antiemetics ; Dexamethasone ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Nausea* ; Quality of Life ; Vomiting*

BACKGROUND: Thyroidectomy is associated with a relatively high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) ranging from 63% to 84%. In this study, we evaluated the safety and the antiemetic effects of tropisetron 30 microgram/kg or tropisetron 30 microgram/kg plus dexamethasone 5 mg in patients undergoing thyroidectomy under a standard anesthetic technique without narcotics. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomized to receive a placebo (Group C, n = 28), tropisetron 30 microgram/kg (Group T, n = 23) or tropisetron 30 microgram/kg plus dexamethasone 5 mg (Group T + D, n = 17) IV over 2 5 minutes immediately before the induction of anesthesia. The effects of these regimens on the development of PONV, adverse events and need for rescue antiemetics were analyzed for the 0 to 1 hour and 1 to 24 hours postoperative periods. RESULTS: In the 0 to 1 hour postoperative periods, the incidence of PONV in group C, T and T + D was 35.7%, 17.4% and 17.6% respectively, which showed no significant difference among the three groups (P > 0.05). In the same period, the incidence of retching or vomiting in Group C, T and T + D was 14.3%, 0% and 0% respectively, which showed a significantly lower incidence in Group T and T + D than Group C (P < 0.05). In the 1 to 24 hours postoperative period, the incidence of PONV in group C, T and T + D was 50%, 52.2% and 52.9% respectively, which showed no significant differences among the three groups (P > 0.05). During the first 24 hours postoperatively, the overall incidences of PONV was 67.9% for group C, 60.9% for group T and 58.8% for group T + D, which showed no siginificant difference among the three groups (P > 0.05). Group T + D patients had more headache compared to other groups, but there was no significant difference in theincidences of overall adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Neither tropisetron or tropisetron plus dexamethasone was significantly different from the placebo for the prevention of PONV after thyroidectomy during the first 24 hour postoperative period. Only vomiting during the first 1 hour postoperatively was prevented in the tropisetron and combination of tropisetron plus dexamethasone groups compared to the control group.
Anesthesia ; Antiemetics* ; Dexamethasone* ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Narcotics ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Postoperative Period ; Thyroidectomy* ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Although ondansetron is effective at preventing and treating postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), the optimal timing of its administration has not been established. In this study we evaluated the effect of the timing of ondansetron administration on its antiemetic efficacy in patients undergoing thyroidectomy. METHODS: One hundred and twelve patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomized to receive placebo (control group, n = 40) or 70microgram/kg of ondansetron prior to induction (Pre-group, n = 36), or 70microgram/kg of ondansetron at the end of surgery (Post- group, n = 36). The incidence of PONV, adverse events, the need for rescue antiemetics, and nausea severity scores were assessed at 0 to 1 hour and 1 to 24 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: During the first 24 hours after anesthesia, the incidences of PONV in the control, and Pre- and Post-groups were 62.5%, 52.8%, and 52.8%, and there was no significant difference among the groups. During the period 1 hour to 24 hours after anesthesia, the incidences of vomiting (with nausea) and rescue antiemetics were significantly lower in the Pre- and Post-groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). Overall, the incidence of vomiting (with nausea) was significantly lower in the Pre-group than in the control group and the incidence of rescue antiemetics was significantly lower in the Pre- and Post-groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with thyroidectomy, the perioperative administration of 70microgram/kg ondansetron was found to reduce the incidence of vomiting and the need for rescue antiemetics. However, the timing of ondansetron administration did not affect antiemetic efficacy.
Anesthesia ; Antiemetics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nausea ; Ondansetron* ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Thyroidectomy* ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery have a remarkably high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the timing of ramosetron administration on its antiemetic efficacy in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery. METHODS: One hundred and twenty patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery under general anesthesia were randomized to receive 0.3 mg of ramosetron intravenously either immediately after induction (group I, n = 60) or at the completion of surgery (group II, n = 60). Occurrences of nausea and vomiting, the need for rescue antiemetics and analgesics, pain score, as well as adverse events associated with study medications, were recorded for 48 hrs after the operation. RESULTS: The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the I and II groups were 46.7%, 41.7% respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups in the incidences of PONV, the need for rescue antiemetics and analgesics, pain score and adverse events associated with study medications (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The effect of ramosetron administered either immediately after induction or at the completion of surgery was similar to each other on its efficacy as a prophylactic antiemetic in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery.
Analgesics ; Anesthesia, General ; Antiemetics ; Benzimidazoles ; Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nausea ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Vomiting