Anticonvulsants ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Seizures ; chemically induced

Anticonvulsants ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Epilepsy ; drug therapy ; Humans

Oxcarbazepine is a new antiepileptic drug. The results of clinical trials suggest that oxcarbazepine is well tolerated and has less drug interactions. It is being used more and more widely in clinical practice, but its adverse effects should not be ignored. The most common adverse effects of oxcarbazepine are usually related to the central nervous system and digestive system, including fatigue, drowsiness, diplopia, dizziness, nausea and vomit. The common skin adverse reaction is rash. Long-term use of oxcarbazepine may also cause hyponatremia. This article reviews the literature from China and overseas about the adverse effets of oxcarbazepine over the last 10 years in order to find information about rational clinical use of oxcarbazepine.
Anticonvulsants ; adverse effects ; Carbamazepine ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; Exanthema ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; chemically induced

Anticonvulsants ; adverse effects ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Epilepsy ; drug therapy ; Female ; Fructose ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

Animals ; Anticonvulsants ; adverse effects ; Brain ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Contraindications ; Epilepsy ; drug therapy ; Humans

Phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth is a well-known and frequently reported gingival lesion, which was first detected in 1939. However, there are conflicts in the literature about the agents which affect the severity of the lesion. Un-cooperative dental patients are one of the most unsuccessfully treated periodontal patient groups because of the difficulty in maintaining their oral hygiene. This case report consists of two cases with the same characteristics: phenytoin usage, comprehension and speech defects and poor oral hygiene, but each case differs in the duration of the phenytoin therapy. Both of the cases received scaling, root planning and a gingivectomy.
Adult ; Anticonvulsants/*adverse effects ; Epilepsy/*drug therapy ; Gingival Overgrowth/*chemically induced ; Human ; Male ; Oral Hygiene ; Patient Compliance ; Phenytoin/*adverse effects

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam (LEV) versus phenytoin (PHT) as second-line drugs for the treatment of convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) in children. METHODS: English and Chinese electronic databases were searched for the randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy and safety of LEV and PHT as second-line drugs for the treatment of childhood CSE. RevMan 5.3 software was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Seven studies with 1 434 children were included. The Meta analysis showed that compared with the PHT group, the LEV group achieved a significantly higher control rate of CSE ( CONCLUSIONS LEV has a better clinical effect than PHT in the treatment of children with CSE and does not increase the incidence rate of adverse events.
Anticonvulsants/adverse effects* ; Child ; Humans ; Levetiracetam/therapeutic use* ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Phenytoin/adverse effects* ; Status Epilepticus/drug therapy*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy and safety of lamotrigine monotherapy in children with epilepsy via a systematic review.

METHODSPubMed, Cochrane, CNKI, VIP, CBM, Wanfang Data were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of lamotrigine monotherapy in children with epilepsy. Literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed according to the method recommended by Cochrane Collaboration. RevMan 5.2 software was used to conduct the Meta analysis.

RESULTSA total of 9 RCTs involving 1 016 participants were included. Lamotrigine yielded a significantly lower complete control rate of seizure than ethosuximide, but the complete control rate of seizure showed no significant differences between lamotrigine and carbamazepine/sodium valproate. Patients treated with lamotrigine had a significantly lower incidence rate of adverse events than those treated with carbamazepine, but the incidence rate of adverse events showed no significant differences between patients treated with lamotrigine and sodium valproate/carbamazepine. The drop-out rate showed no significant differences between the three treatment groups.

CONCLUSIONSLamotrigine is an ideal alternative drug for children who do not respond to traditional antiepileptic medication or experience significant adverse reactions; however, more high-quality RCTs with a large sample size and a long follow-up time are needed to confirm these conclusions.

Anticonvulsants ; adverse effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

Adolescent ; Anticonvulsants ; adverse effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male