Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use* ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use*

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Omalizumab ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; therapy

Humans ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use* ; Antineoplastic Agents

Amarogentin is an efficacious Chinese herbal medicine and a component of the bitter apricot kernel. It is commonly used as an expectorant and supplementary anti-cancer drug. β-Glucosidase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes the glycosidic bond between aryl and saccharide groups to release glucose. Upon their interaction, β-glucosidase catalyzes amarogentin to produce considerable amounts of hydrocyanic acid, which inhibits cytochrome C oxidase, the terminal enzyme in the mitochondrial respiration chain, and suspends adenosine triphosphate synthesis, resulting in cell death. Hydrocyanic acid is a cell-cycle-stage-nonspecific agent that kills cancer cells. Thus, β-glucosidase can be coupled with a tumor-specific monoclonal antibody. β-Glucosidase can combine with cancer-cell-surface antigens and specifically convert amarogentin to an active drug that acts on cancer cells and the surrounding antibodies to achieve a killing effect. β-Glucosidase is injected intravenously and recognizes cancer-cell-surface antigens with the help of an antibody. The prodrug amarogentin is infused after β-glucosidase has reached the target position. Coupling of cell membrane peptides with β-glucosidase allows the enzyme to penetrate capillary endothelial cells and clear extracellular deep solid tumors to kill the cells therein. The Chinese medicine amarogentin and β-glucosidase will become an important treatment for various tumors when an appropriate monoclonal antibody is developed.
Amygdalin ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cell-Penetrating Peptides ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Iridoids ; therapeutic use ; Prodrugs ; therapeutic use ; beta-Glucosidase ; therapeutic use

Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a type of targeted biological agent which connect cytotoxic drug to monoclonal antibody by a connector head, which enables monoclonal antibody acted as a carrier to efficiently transport small molecular cytotoxic drugs to target tumor cells. It is very important for clinicians to have an in-depth understanding of the molecular characteristics and mechanism of ADC drugs, rationally choose the appropriate dose, course of treatment and manage adverse reactions according to the indications during the clinical application of ADC drugs, which may even affect the survival of patients. Therefore, the consensus aims to conduct a systematic overview of commercially available ADC drugs, provide effective recommendations and references for clinicians to better apply and manage ADC drugs.
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use* ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Consensus ; Humans ; Immunoconjugates/therapeutic use* ; Neoplasms/drug therapy*

After its advent, monoclonal antibody has gone an uneven way to its present wide applications in clinical practices, during which the humanized antibody set an important milestone accompanying a series of technique renovations, such as PCR technique, phage display and transgenic animals. Humanized antibody has developed from chimeric antibody and reshaped antibody to the present fully human antibody. Humanization of murine antibodies has been the future direction of therapeutic antibodies and this can be reflected from the fact that humanized antibodies or even human antibodies have made up majority of the therapeutic antibodies both in clinical test and in the market. The present techniques have enabled the production of fully human antibodies and given chances to the arising of antibody derivatives. They not only overcome the deficiency in application of murine antibody with different strategies, but also provide more weapons for human therapeutics. However, modifications of monoclonal antibody aiming at clinical applications need more research work in the mechanisms of antibody effector system, as well as comprehensive understanding in regulation of human immune system.
Animals ; Antibodies ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Mice ; Protein Engineering

Bispecific antibody (BsAb) has two different antigen-binding sites, divided into the "IgG-like" format and the "non-IgG-like" format. Different formats have different characteristics and applications. BsAb has higher sensitivity and specificity than conventional antibodies, with special functions such as recruitment of immune cells and blocking of dual signaling pathways, playing an important role in immune-diagnosis and therapy. With the deterioration of the global environment and the irregular living habits of people, the incidence of tumor is becoming higher and higher. Tumor becomes the most serious fatal disease threatening human health after cardiovascular disease. There are 12 million estimated new tumor cases each year worldwide. The major clinical treatments of tumor are surgical resection, chemoradiotherapy, target therapy. Tumor immunotherapy is a novel approach for tumor treatment in recent years, and activates human immune system to control and kill tumor cells. Although the traditional monoclonal antibodies have already acquired some therapeutic effects in tumor targeted therapy and immunotherapy, they induce drug resistance resulted from the heterogeneity and plasticity of tumors. Binding to two target antigens at the same time, BsAb has been used in the clinical treatment of tumors and obtained promising outcomes. This review elaborates the research progress and applications of bispecific antibody in clinical tumor therapy.
Antibodies, Bispecific/therapeutic use* ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Neoplasms/therapy*

Tumor surface antigen human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) is a type I receptor tyrosine kinase, which belongs to human epidermal growth factor receptor family. Her2-overexpression is associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. Due to significant clinical effects, Her2-targeted cancer therapy especially therapeutic antibody has become the hot spot in the field of cancer treatment. Anti-Her2 antibody drugs include monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies and emerging "two in one" antibody. Based on structure and function of Her2, this review focuses on recent advances in active mechanisms and clinical researches of these antibodies.
Antibodies, Bispecific ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunoconjugates ; therapeutic use ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; immunology

Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) have different mechanism and adverse effects compared with cytotoxic agents. The introduction of MoAbs has improved the treatment potency to malignant lymphoma without decreasing the quality of life. However, there are many questions to be answered: What is the profound mechanism of MoAbs? How about their long-term adverse effects? What is the best medication pattern in different disease types?
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived ; Antibodies, Neoplasm ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; therapy ; Radioimmunotherapy ; Rituximab

Conventional medical treatment for ulcerative colitis can have limited efficacy or severe adverse reactions requiring additional treatment or colectomy. Hence, different biological agents that target specific immunological pathways are being investigated for treating ulcerative colitis. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents were the first biologics to be used for treating inflammatory bowel disease. For example, infliximab and adalimumab, which are anti-TNF agents, are being used for treating ulcerative colitis. Recently, golimumab, another anti-TNF agent, and vedolizumab, an anti-adhesion therapy, have been approved for ulcerative colitis by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In addition, new medications such as tofacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, and etrolizumab, another anti-adhesion therapy, are emerging as therapeutic agents. Therefore, there is a need for further studies to select appropriate patient groups for these biologics and to improve the outcomes of ulcerative colitis treatment through appropriate medical usage.
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use ; Biological Factors/*therapeutic use ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/antagonists & inhibitors ; Colitis, Ulcerative/*drug therapy ; Humans ; Janus Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Piperidines/therapeutic use ; Pyrimidines/therapeutic use ; Pyrroles/therapeutic use