No abstract available.
Antibodies, Monoclonal* ; Blood Cells*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the procedure of pre-transfusion testing and transfusion strategy of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated by daratumumab (DarA). METHODS: The blood samples of MM patients before and after DarA treatment from the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were collected, and the ABO/Rh blood group antigen identification and DAT test results were compared. The results of antibody screening and cross matching of the patients before and after inactivation of red blood cells with 0.2 mol/L dithiothreitol (DTT) were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: ABO/Rh blood group antigen typing showed no affecting in patients after treated by DarA; the result of DAT test showed negative. Irregular antibody screening showed that all the three cells(Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ) were positive(1+~2+) and the self-control was negative. By microcolumn agglutination method, the main side of the multi-bag of blood showed no matched, while the secondary side showed all identical. After treated by DTT solution, the cross matching results in reagent red blood cells and the red blood cells of blood donors were both consistent, and the irregular antibody screening was negative. The K(+)O type erythrocytes used in parallel control were transformed into K(-)O type erythrocytes after DTT treatment. However, there was no significant changes in E(+) O type erythrocytes before and after DTT treatment. There was no condensation on the primary and secondary side of the condensed amine method. The primary and secondary sides of blood matching by saline method showed negative. CONCLUSION After treated by DarA, cross matching results from microcolumn agglutination method can be interfered by the residual drug antibody in MM patients, while the interference was eliminated in the presence of 0.2 mol/L DTT solution. However, no disturbance was observed when using condensed amine method or saline method. Therefore, corresponding transfusion procedures should be selected according to the emergency degree of blood transfusion to ensure the safety and timeliness of blood transfusion.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Blood Transfusion ; Dithiothreitol ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma/therapy*

Anti-platelet specific antibody is one of the most important reasons leading to thrombocytopenia and megakaryocyte dysmaturity. The detection of platelet autoantibodies is an important step in the diagnosis of ITP because of the absence of specific clinic feature. The monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA) has become a "gold standard" for determination of PLT specific antibody, which has high specificity and low sensitivity. However, this assay is time-consuming and tedious work. Routine use of this assay in hospital is difficult. Recently, some researches reporded the cytometric bead assay that has higher sensitivity than MAIPA, and so probably solves the problem of time-consuming partly, that also can use different beads for simultaneous detection. This review focuses on recent progress of the cytometric bead assay.
Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, Human Platelet ; Blood Platelets ; Humans ; Megakaryocytes ; Thrombocytopenia

BACKGROUND: Effects of storage period on platelet activation of random-donor platelets (RDP) prepared from whole blood units and single-donor platelets (SDP) prepared from single-donor apheresis collections have been investigated in this study. We also analyzed the correlation between amount of blood cells and platelet activation in random-donor platelets. METHODS: RDP and SDP were collected at 1 day, 3 day, or 5 day during storage. In case of SDP, whole blood was also collected just before apheresis. The platelet activation in RDP and SDP was measured by flowcytometry using monoclonal antibodies against CD41a, CD61 and CD62p. RESULTS: In SDP, MCFI against CD62p has been significantly increased during storage and any significant differences are not found according to the kinds of pheresis machines. In RDP, no significant differences in MCFI against CD62p were found with storage period and showed a increased MCFI dependent only on the number of platelets. CONCLUSION: Single-donor platelets should be used as soon as possible for transfusion due to progressive platelet activation with storage period. On the other hand, a proper number of platelets should be maintained under strict quality control system to minimize platelet activation in RDP.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Blood Cells ; Blood Component Removal ; Blood Platelets* ; Hand ; Platelet Activation* ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo establish and evaluate a protein microarray method for combined measurement of serum ferritin (SF) and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR).

METHODSMicroarrayer was used to print both anti-SF antibodies I and anti-sTfR antibodies I on each protein microarray. Anti-SF antibodies II and anti-sTfR antibodies II were used as detection antibodies and goat antibodies coupled to Cy3 were used as antibodies III. The detection conditions of the quantitative analysis method for simultaneous measurement of SF and sTfR with protein microarray were optimized and evaluated. The protein microarray was compared with commercially available traditional tests with 26 serum samples.

RESULTSBy comparison experiment, mouse monoclonal antibodies were chosen as the probes and contact printing was chosen as the printing method. The concentrations of SF and sTfR probes were 0.5 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL respectively, while those of SF and sTfR detection antibodies were 5 μg/mL and 0.36 μg/mL respectively. Intra- and inter-assay variability was between 3.26% and 18.38% for all tests. The regression coefficients comparing protein microarray with traditional test assays were better than 0.81 for SF and sTfR.

CONCLUSIONThe present study has established a protein microarray method for combined measurement of SF and sTfR.

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; analysis ; Ferritins ; blood ; Mice ; Protein Array Analysis ; methods ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Transferrin ; blood

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of low concentration dithiothreitol (DTT) in removing the interference of monoclonal anti-CD38 on transfusion compatibility testing, and develop a reasonable clinical transfusion strategy. METHODS: The blood type, direct antiglobulin testing (DAT) and antibody screening were tested according to standard methods. Antibody screening cells and donor's red blood cells were treated by DTT 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.02, 0.01 and 0.005 mol/L, and antibody screening and cross-matching of serums after monoclonal anti-CD38 treatment were performed by anti-human globulin card. RESULTS: The 0.01 mol/L DTT at 37℃ for 30 minutes could remove the effect of monoclonal anti-CD38 on antibody screening and cross-matching, meanwhile retain their effectiveness in detecting anti-K, anti-LW, anti-JMH, anti-Lu^b, anti-e, anti-Di^a and anti-Jk^a alloantibodies. All the 10 patients had no acute or delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions and their routine blood tests showed that the red blood cells transfusion was effective. CONCLUSION The 0.01 mol/L DTT is a safe and effective method for removing the interference of monoclonal anti-CD38 with transfusion compatibility testing, while retaining the ability to detect most alloantibodies.
Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology* ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; Blood Transfusion ; Dithiothreitol/pharmacology* ; Erythrocytes ; Humans ; Isoantibodies/pharmacology*

With the development of bio-technological drugs, drug immunogenicity evaluation has become key factor of clarifying safety and efficacy of these drugs. It has become the focus to establish a stable and reliable evaluation system. Due to the advantages such as continuous real-time monitoring, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology has been widely used in bio-technological drugs immunogenicity assessments. Our study applied this technology to detect anti-drug antibody (ADA) of a recombinant human anti-rabies monoclonal antibody NM57 in the sera of 48 volunteers admitted in phase I clinical trials. This method could satisfy the basic requirements of detection of ADA.
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; analysis ; blood ; immunology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; analysis ; blood ; immunology ; Antibodies, Viral ; analysis ; blood ; immunology ; Humans ; Rabies virus ; immunology ; Recombinant Proteins ; analysis ; blood ; immunology ; Surface Plasmon Resonance

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the colon, characterized by diffuse mucosal inflammation and blood-mixed diarrhea. The main treatment has been 5-aminosalicylic acid, steroid, thiopurine, and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) antibodies including infliximab, adalimumab, and golimumab. Golimumab, a new anti-TNF-alpha agent has been recently approved for patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. Its efficacy and safety has been demonstrated in line with infliximab and adalimumab in preclinical and clinical studies. This review will focus on golimumab therapy in ulcerative colitis.
Antibodies, Monoclonal/blood/*therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Colitis, Ulcerative/*drug therapy ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology

INTRODUCTIONThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of intraocular injections of bevacizumab for neovascularisation of the iris and neovascular glaucoma.

CLINICAL PICTUREThree patients with neovascularisation of the iris due to various causes were recruited.

TREATMENTPatients were treated with intraocular bevacizumab.

OUTCOMENeovascularisation of the iris was noted to have completely regressed as early as 3 days after the injection and in all the patients (100%) within 8 days after injection. They were followed up for at least 1 month with no clinical evidence of recurrence. Visual acuity remained stable or improved, and the intraocular pressure was controlled in all the 3 patients' eyes. Vitreous haemorrhage also cleared. No signs of inflammation or complications were observed.

CONCLUSIONIntraocular injection of bevacizumab is effective and safe for patients with neovascularisation of the iris and neovascular glaucoma with or without vitreous haemorrhage.

Adult ; Aged ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Bevacizumab ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Iris ; blood supply ; Male

BACKGROUND/AIMS: For laboratory diagnostics in liver diseases, many enzymes have been used for the assessment of hepatocellular function. Among them, two transaminases, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, have been regarded as the most sensitive indicators of hepatocellular damage. However, the enhanced enzyme activities of the enzymes do not exactly indicate or represent the cause and progression of diseases in the patients with liver disease. To overcome such limitations, immunological methods have been suggested as one of the alternatives for the replacement or supplement of the conventional enzymatic analysis. METHODS: In the hope of developing a new assay system for measuring the AST concentration rather than its activity, we have developed a new assay using fluorescence labeled anti-AST monoclonal antibodies. Blood was obtained from a normal population of 234 patients and 43 liver disease patients. The linearity, limit of detection, and performance of the new assay system were tested and evaluated. The comparability of assay was examined with an ELISA and biochemical assays. RESULTS: The linearity fell in the range of 0-1 mg/L of AST (R=0.995), and the analytical detection limit was 12 microgram/L of AST. The mean recovery of the control was 102.4 % in a working range. The precision of the intra- and inter-assay in a range of 50-800 microgram/L was CVs < 7% and CVs < 6%, respectively. In the normal population, the mean AST concentration was 35.5 microgram/L. The mean AST concentration in patients with liver disease was 266.5 microgram/L. The new assay system correlated well with an ELISA and biochemical assay for quantification of AST concentration (R=0.92 and 0.88, respectively; N=43). CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a new immunological assay using generated monoclonal antibodies to human cytosolic AST and used them for the development of a fluorescent assay measuring the enzyme mass. Cytosolic AST mass in sera could be measured reproducibly by the immunological method. In conclusion, this study has provided us with a new type of tool for an accurate measurement of the enzyme amount in circulation.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Aspartate Aminotransferase, Cytoplasmic/*blood/immunology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique/*methods ; Humans ; Liver Diseases/diagnosis