The aim of study was to explore the frequency of ABO type IgM antibody in infants younger than six months. 309 hospitalized infants younger than six months were selected at first and their EDTA K(3) anticoagulant blood samples were taken. All the infants were divided into five groups: neonates within 1 week as group I; neonates aged 8 to 14 days as group II; neonates aged 15 days to 1 month as group III; infants aged two to 3 months as group IV and infants aged 4 to 6 months as group V. The monocolonal anti-A, anti-B serums, A cells, B cells and O cells were utilized to carried out the blood typing with tube test. The results indicated that from 309 samples tested 33 AB type sample were excluded. Out of the remains of 276 samples, 29 of 46 samples in group I were positive and with the ABO type consistent rate 63% (29/46); 41 of 64 samples in group II were positive and with the ABO type consistent rate 64% (41/64); 47 of 74 samples in group III were positive and with the ABO type consistent rate 63% (47/74); 28 of 45 samples in group IV were positive and with the ABO type consistent rate 62% (28/45); 40 of 47 samples in group V were positive and with the ABO type consistent rate 85%. It is concluded that the ABO type IgM antibody appear in most infants younger than six months and these IgM antibodies may be regarded as the important evidence for ABO typing in infants.
ABO Blood-Group System ; immunology ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; blood ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

With the development of bio-technological drugs, drug immunogenicity evaluation has become key factor of clarifying safety and efficacy of these drugs. It has become the focus to establish a stable and reliable evaluation system. Due to the advantages such as continuous real-time monitoring, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology has been widely used in bio-technological drugs immunogenicity assessments. Our study applied this technology to detect anti-drug antibody (ADA) of a recombinant human anti-rabies monoclonal antibody NM57 in the sera of 48 volunteers admitted in phase I clinical trials. This method could satisfy the basic requirements of detection of ADA.
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; analysis ; blood ; immunology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; analysis ; blood ; immunology ; Antibodies, Viral ; analysis ; blood ; immunology ; Humans ; Rabies virus ; immunology ; Recombinant Proteins ; analysis ; blood ; immunology ; Surface Plasmon Resonance

Apis mellifera L. bee venom is the most studied hymenoptera allergen, but many aspects of its action on human basophils remain unclear. Allergologists seek evidence of the effectiveness of bee venom immunotherapy as this approach is the chosen treatment for systemic allergic reactions. The effect of bee venom on human basophils in vitro has not been studied in detail for many reasons, including the paucity of basophils in peripheral blood, inter-individual basophil response variability, and the reliability and predictability of basophil activation tests. We conducted a brief preliminary survey of the effect of Apis bee venom on healthy asymptomatic (non-allergic) subjects. A dose of an aqueous commercial extract of Apis bee venom as high as 10 microg/mL activated resting basophils (CD63=+80-90%, CD203c=+30%), while it inhibited the expression of CD63 (-50%) following basophil stimulation by the soluble agonists formyl-Met-Leu-Phe or anti-IgE. The activation of resting basophils appeared to be dose-related. Only when basophils were activated with an IgE-mediated agonist, did bee venom extract exhibit a possible priming mechanism at the lowest doses used only via CD63, while it was ineffective via CD203c. Autocrine interleukin-3 may play a role in the observed biphasic behavior.
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; Basophils ; Bee Venoms ; Bees ; Blood Donors ; Flow Cytometry ; Honey ; Humans ; Hymenoptera ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunotherapy ; Interleukin-3

BACKGROUND: Detection methods for ABO antibody (Ab) titers vary across laboratories, and the results are different depending on the method used. We aimed to compare titer values using different detection methods for the measurement of ABO Ab titers. METHODS: For ABO Ab detection, pooled group A or B red blood cells (RBCs) were reacted with each of 20 sera from blood groups A, B, or O without dithiothreitol treatment. The room-temperature (RT) incubation technique and the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) were used in the tube test and gel card test. Flow cytometry (FCM) was performed by using anti-IgM and anti-IgG Abs. RESULTS: Regardless of the blood groups tested, the FCM assay with anti-IgM showed the highest titer compared to the tube test and gel card test with RT incubation in both. The tube test with IAT showed a higher titer than the gel card test with IAT (Gel-IAT) or FCM with anti-IgG in blood group A and B, while Gel-IAT showed the highest titer relative to the other tests, only for the anti-A Ab in blood group O. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant differences in the titers depending on the detection method used, and each method showed a different detection capacity for each ABO Ab depending on the ABO blood group tested. Therefore, caution should be exercised in interpreting ABO Ab titer results, taking into consideration the detection method used and the blood group.
ABO Blood-Group System/*immunology ; Adult ; Aged ; Agglutination Tests/instrumentation/*standards ; Antibodies/*analysis ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/analysis ; Erythrocytes/chemistry/metabolism ; Female ; *Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Temperature

BACKGROUND: Granulocyte specific antibodies are associated with several clinical conditions including febrile transfusion reaction and transfusion-related acute lung injury as well as immune neutropenias. The identification of granulocyte specific antibodies is important for the diagnosis of these disorders. However, there have been rarely confirmed clinical reports in Korea since the testing techniques are complicated and difficult to maintain. In this study, development of in-house indicator cells and renewedly establishment of the mixed passive hemagglutination assay (MPHA) as a serologic test to detect and identify granulocyte specific antibodies were conducted. METHODS: The in-house indicator cells for MPHA were made by sensitizing human Rh(D) positive O RBCs with human IgG anti-Rh(D) (DiaMed AG, Switzerland) and then combining with AHG anti-IgG (Immucor Inc., USA). To determine the optimal conditions, various combinations of anti-Rh(D) IgG sensitization strengths of indicator cells, microwell coated antigens (intact granulocyte vs. extracted granulocyte) and reaction conditions were compared. RESULTS: The best test conditions for MPHA were as follows: optimal results were obtained with the anti-Rh(D) sensitization dilutions of 1/64-1/192 and the reaction condition of 4 hours incubation at room temperature in humid chamber. Extracted granulocytes coated at the plate showed better results than intact granulocytes. HLA antigens were completely removed from extracted granulocyte antigens after acidified chloroquine treatment. CONCLUSION: Granulocyte MPHA using in-house anti-Rh(D) sensitized indicator cells was developed for the first time in Korea. The newly established MPHA would be effectively used for the diagnosis and treatment of disorders associated with granulocyte specific antigen-antibody reactions in Korea.
Acute Lung Injury ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; Antigen-Antibody Reactions ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Chloroquine ; Granulocytes ; Hemagglutination ; HLA Antigens ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Korea ; Neutropenia ; Serologic Tests

The elastin metabolism in systemic sclerosis (SSc) has been known to be abnormal. The authors investigated relationship between the clinical manifestations of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and serum levels of soluble elastin-derived peptide (S-EDP) and anti-elastin antibodies. Serum samples were obtained from 79 patients with SSc and 79 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Concentrations of serum S-EDP and anti-elastin antibodies were measured by ELISA. The serum concentrations of S-EDP in SSc patients were significantly higher than in healthy controls (median, 144.44 ng/mL vs 79.59 ng/mL, P < 0.001). Serum EDP concentrations were found to be correlated with disease duration in SSc (P = 0.002) and particularly in diffuse cutaneous SSc (P = 0.005). Levels of anti-elastin antibodies were found to be more elevated in SSc patients than in healthy controls (median, 0.222 U vs 0.191 U, P = 0.049), more increased in diffuse cutaneous SSc than limited cutaneous SSc (median, 0.368 U vs 0.204 U, P = 0.031). In addition, levels of anti-elastin antibodies were also found to be negatively associated with presence of anti-centromere antibody (P = 0.023). The S-EDP levels were not found to be correlated with levels of anti-elastin antibodies. The increased S-EDP and anti-elastin antibody levels and association with clinical and laboratory characteristics may reflect the abnormal metabolism in SSc.
Adult ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/*blood/immunology ; Centromere/immunology ; Elastin/*blood/immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peptides/*blood/immunology ; Scleroderma, Systemic/*metabolism/pathology

The objective of this study was to analyze the molecular genetic basis for 2 individuals with A2B phenotype of ABO subtype. The ABO group antigens on red blood cells were identified by monoclonal antibodies and the ABO antibodies in serum were detected by the standard A, B, O cells. The exon 5 to exon 7 coding region of ABO gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the PCR product was sequenced directly after the enzymes digested. The amplified product was also cloned by TOPO TA cloning sequencing kit to split the 2 alleles apart and chosen colonies were sequencing bidirectionally for exon 6 to 7 of ABO gene. The results showed that both A and B antigen were identified on red blood cells of the individuals and there was anti-A1 antibody in their serum. There was no 261G deletion and showed 297A/G, 467C/T, 526C/G, 657C/T, 703G/A, 742C/T, 796C/A, 803G/C, 930G/A heterozygotes by direct DNA sequencing. After cloning and sequencing, it was obtained the B101 and one novel A allele. The novel allele has one nucleotide change at 742 position C to T compared with A102, which results in an amino acid Arg to Cys at 248 position and was nominated as A213. It is concluded that C742T mutation of the α1, 3 N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-transferase gene can lead to A2 phenotype and with anti-A1 antibody in serum.
ABO Blood-Group System ; genetics ; immunology ; Alleles ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; immunology ; Blood Donors ; Exons ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases ; genetics ; Phenotype ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Ningdong Granule (NDG) on stereotyped behaviors in Tourette's syndrome (TS) model rats of different Chinese medical syndromes.

METHODSThirty-two Wistar rats were used to establish TS models of different Chinese medical syndromes (n =8) induced by TS children patients' sera of 4 syndromes, i.e., Xin-Gan deficiency syndrome (XGDS), Gan-Shen yin deficiency syndrome (GSYDS), sputum-turbid blocking aperture syndrome (STBAS), and Gan hyperactivity Pi deficiency syndrome (GHPDS). Corresponding sera was micro-infused to them while administering NDG (120 mg/kg each time, thrice daily, for 3 successive weeks). Besides, another normal control group (n =8) was set up by injecting sera from healthy children plus intragastric perfusion of normal saline. Stereotyped behaviors were recorded on the 1st, 7th, 14th, and 21st day after administration of NDG.

RESULTSThe anti-neural antibody serum concentration in TS children was significantly higher than that in healthy control [(1.28 +/- 0.36) UL vs. (0.52 +/- 0.24) U/L, P < 0.01 ]. It was (1.34 +/- 0.41) U/L in the XGDS group, (1.19 +/- 0.51) U/L in the GSYDS group, (1.29 +/- 0.61) U/L in the STBAS group, and (1. 17 +/- 0.45) U/L in the GHPDS group, showing no statistical difference (P > 0.05). There was no statistical difference in stereotypic behaviors of rats after treatment among the four different Chinese medical syndromes (P > 0.05). At day 7, 14, and 21 after treatment by NDG, the times of stereotyped behaviors were significantly less in the XGDS group than in the other three groups at the same time points except in the GHPDS group at day 14 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the total numbers of stereotyped behaviors in the XGDS group [(42.8 +/- 12.6)] was obviously superior to that in the GSYDS group [(29.3 +/- 13.7)], the STBAS group [(21.9 +/- 10.4)], and the GHPDS group [(30.6 +/- 9.6)], showing statistical difference (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) after treatment by NDG at day 21.

CONCLUSIONSThe anti-neural antibody serum concentration in TS children was significantly higher than that in healthy children. Stereotyped behaviors could be induced in rats after intrastriatal micro-infusion of TS sera rich in anti-neural antibody. TS model rats of XGDS were better improved than rats in the other 3 groups after treatment by NDG.

Adolescent ; Animals ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; blood ; Child ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stereotyped Behavior ; Tourette Syndrome ; blood ; psychology

In order to determine the appraisal of ABO blood group accurately and ensure the safety of blood transfusion, an investigation was made on the influence of complement activated by antibody in appraising ABO blood group by using hemoagglutination test and direct antiglobulin test. Two samples of ABO blood group were collected from two donors. The results showed that the obverse and reverse patterns did not accord each other in two samples of ABO blood group, and their blood samples were both positive for anti-C(3) and were both negative for anti-IgG. It is concluded that the inconsistency of the obverse and reverse patterns in two samples of ABO blood group were proved to be caused by the complements activated by the antibody against IgM. Blood group O was finally determined for the two samples, and the influences of IgM antibody and complement on ABO blood group were excluded when the test proceeded. This method will be useful to determine ABO blood group accurately.
ABO Blood-Group System ; immunology ; Adult ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; immunology ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; methods ; Complement Activation ; Female ; Hemagglutination Tests ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Errors

No abstract available.
ABO Blood-Group System/genetics ; Aged ; Agglutination Tests ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/*blood ; Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Erythrocytes/immunology ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Pneumonia/diagnosis/*immunology/therapy