No abstract available.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Humans ; Intraoperative Care

Background and Objective: Antibiotic prophylaxis is used to prevent bacterial infections and rebleeding in cirrhosis patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). However, the effects of various antibiotics on patients with UGIB are still being considered. This study aims to evaluate the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis on cirrhosis patients with UGIB. Methods: The studies were searched through databases of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and CENTRAL from 2013 to 2023. We used Revman 5.4 to perform a meta-analysis. I2 statistics measured the heterogeneity test. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis. Results: Twelve studies involving 14,825 cirrhosis patients were included in this study. Based on the meta-analysis, antibiotic prophylaxis significantly lowered the bacterial infection rate (OR: 0.29, 95%CI: 0.10 to 0.84, P = 0.02), and the incidence of serious adverse events (SAE) (OR: 0.50, 95%CI: 0.28 to 0.88, P = 0.02) in cirrhosis patients with UGIB. Conclusions Administration of antibiotics demonstrated a significant reduction in bacterial infection rates and SAEs. Broad-spectrum non-absorbable antibiotics can be used in cirrhosis patients with UGIB. The appropriate use of antibiotics is important to prevent resistance.
Antibiotic ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; prophylaxis ; prevention & ; control ; Cirrhosis ; Fibrosis

OBJECTIVE: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a problem constantly uppermost in the minds of all surgeons, although the actual rate of occurrence is only 1-5% in general surgery. In neurosurgical fields, there have been a few papers published about efficacy of post-operative antimicrobial prophylaxis (PAMP) to prevent SSI, compared to well known effectiveness of pre-operative antibiotics. Thus, infection rates of short-term PAMP groups and those of long-term PAMP groups were investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of PAMP and the efficacy of short-term PAMP compared to long-term PAMP for prevention of SSI. METHODS: Between April 2010 and April 2012, we retrospectively analyzed the data of 35 patients in the aneurysmal neck clipping groups (short-term PAMP group: PAMP for 3 days and fewer, long-term PAMP group: PAMP for 10 days and more) and 79 patients in the microdiscectomy groups (short-term PAMP group: 3 days and fewer, long-term PAMP group: PAMP for 6 days and more). RESULTS: In aneurysmal neck clipping groups, SSI occurred 23.1% of short-term PAMP group and 9.1% of long-term PAMP group (p=0.3370). And in microdiscectomy groups, SSI occurred 6.7% of short-term PAMP group and 4.1% of long-term PAMP group (p=0.9840). CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference between the short-term PAMP group and the long-term PAMP group in terms of SSI, regardless of operation type. We therefore suggest that short-term PAMP usage could be an appropriate therapy for preventing SSI in clean neurosurgical operations.
Aneurysm ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Humans ; Neck ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Wound Infection

This study analyzed the incidence of wound infection after the operation of mandibular third molar extraction in relation with antibiotic prophylaxis with the object of young and healthy patients. The study object was 1,177 mandibular third molars of 850 men of 20 to 25 years old without any specific systemic disease. Three methods of preventive antibiotic medication were selected according to the preventive antibiotic medication previously reported; three experimental groups were selected based on them, and the antibiotic used was amoxicillin((R)Kymoxin, Yuhanyanghaeng, Seoul). The group 1 includes the patients that took the antibiotic orally before the operation(one hour earlier, 500mg) and for three days after the operation(250mg per time, three times/day), the group 2 is the ones that took the same antibiotic orally only once about one hour before the operation(500mg), and the group 3 did not take any antibiotics before and after the operation. And to compare the difficulties and the degrees of extraction during operations which can be possibly related to the wound infection after the operations, the mandibular third molars' impacted depths and extraction methods were investigated as well. To check if the wound was infected, observations with an internal of one week were performed twice after the operation, and the meaningfulness of the infection incidence was verified through Chi-square test using SPSS program(SPSS Inc., IL, USA). There was no statistically significant difference between the antibiotic medication methods and the wound infection incidence after the operation among the experimental groups. As examining the relations between the mandibular third molar operation methods and the wound infection incidence after the operation, there existed a statistically meaningful difference in the infection incidence according to the operation methods(p=0.020). And there was no statistically significant difference in the wound infection incidence according to the impacted depth of the mandibular third molar. Therefore, it is thought that there exists little necessity of prophylatic antibiotics medication when extracting the mandibular third molar of young and healthy men without any systemic disease in general; however, in case when it is expected that the possibility of infection will be high or the wound on the tissue will be severe, it is sure that the prophylactic antibiotics medication will be necessary.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Molar, Third ; Wound Infection

PURPOSE: Although the two or three-postoperative doses of prophylactic antibiotics are recommended, the tendency for surgeons to prolong the administration of prophylactic antibiotics after colorectal surgery is a well-known fact. The aim of this study was to assess the prophylactic efficacy of two or three-doses of prophylactic antibiotics over a 24 hour period after elective colorectal surgery. METHODS: We reviewed the surgical complications in 69 patients who underwent elective colorectal surgery from April to Jun, 2006. All patients had preoperative mechanical bowel cleansing performed. As antibiotic prophylaxis, oral metronidazole was administered 2~3 times on the day before surgery and second generation cephalosporin were administered intravenously 30 minutes before surgical incision. After surgery, second generation cephalosporin, aminoglycoside and metronidazole were given to all the patients, at 2~3 doses for 24 hours. Wound conditions were checked on alternate days during the hospital stay and the patients were followed up for at least 30 days after discharge. RESULTS: In 69 patients, the diseases were cancer in 64 cases (92.8%). The procedures were anterior resection or lower anterior resection in 38 cases (55.1%), hemicoloectomy in 16 cases (23.2%), segmental resection in 9 cases, and abdomino-perineal resection or Hartmann's procedure in 6 cases. The wound complications were wound seroma in 3 cases (4.3%), wound dehiscence in 3 cases (4.3%) and anastomotic leakage in 1 case (1.4%). CONCLUSION: The wound complication rate was not high after antibiotic prophylaxis for 24 hours in patients who underwent elective colorectal surgery. Further studies are required to establish appropriate guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis after elective colorectal surgery.
Anastomotic Leak ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Colorectal Surgery ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Metronidazole ; Seroma

PURPOSE: This study compared the frequency of postoperative infections in patients for a closed mandibular fracture with that without the ostoperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Patients and Methods: 48 patients without any specific medical history were divided into two groups depending on whether or not antibiotics had been applied after the surgery. The 24 patients in group 1 received only a second-generation cephalosporin (Cefotetan(R)) ntravenously from admission to immediate after the surgery. Likewise, 24 patients in group 2 received 1.0g of Cefotetan(R) twice daily longer than the third day after surgery. The mean (SD) duration of antibiotics administration after surgery was 6.9 (+/-3.56). The patients were evaluated after surgery for any postoperative infections according to the criteria: purulent drainage from a wound, spontaneous wound dehiscence accompanied by swelling, pain, and fever around the wound. RESULTS: Postoperative infections were encountered in 2 out of 24 patients in group 1, who received antibiotic medication until shortly after surgery, and in 3 out of the 24 patients in group 2, in whom the medication was continued even after the surgery. There was no sig nificant difference in the incidence of postoperative infections between the two groups. CONCLUSION: From this study, postoperative use of antibiotics seems to be unnecessary with view of the little significance of the factors that could affect the wound infection.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Drainage ; Fever ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mandibular Fractures ; Wound Infection

PURPOSE: This study compared the frequency of postoperative infections in patients for a closed mandibular fracture with that without the ostoperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Patients and Methods: 48 patients without any specific medical history were divided into two groups depending on whether or not antibiotics had been applied after the surgery. The 24 patients in group 1 received only a second-generation cephalosporin (Cefotetan(R)) ntravenously from admission to immediate after the surgery. Likewise, 24 patients in group 2 received 1.0g of Cefotetan(R) twice daily longer than the third day after surgery. The mean (SD) duration of antibiotics administration after surgery was 6.9 (+/-3.56). The patients were evaluated after surgery for any postoperative infections according to the criteria: purulent drainage from a wound, spontaneous wound dehiscence accompanied by swelling, pain, and fever around the wound. RESULTS: Postoperative infections were encountered in 2 out of 24 patients in group 1, who received antibiotic medication until shortly after surgery, and in 3 out of the 24 patients in group 2, in whom the medication was continued even after the surgery. There was no sig nificant difference in the incidence of postoperative infections between the two groups. CONCLUSION: From this study, postoperative use of antibiotics seems to be unnecessary with view of the little significance of the factors that could affect the wound infection.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Drainage ; Fever ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mandibular Fractures ; Wound Infection

Endoscopic treatment is a minimally invasive treatment for managing patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Although several bulking agents have been used for endoscopic treatment, dextranomer/hyaluronic acid is the only bulking agent currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treating VUR. Endoscopic treatment of VUR has gained great popularity owing to several obvious benefits, including short operative time, short hospital stay, minimal invasiveness, high efficacy, low complication rate, and reduced cost. Initially, the success rates of endoscopic treatment have been lower than that of open antireflux surgery. However, because injection techniques have been developed, a recent study showed higher success rates of endoscopic treatment than open surgery in the treatment of patients with intermediate- and high-grade VUR. Despite the controversy surrounding its effectiveness, endoscopic treatment is considered a valuable treatment option and viable alternative to long-term antibiotic prophylaxis.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Operative Time ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized study of antibiotic prophylaxis in elective spine surgery. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the rate of postoperative surgical site infection for a single dose of two different generations of cephalosporin with different dosage and timing of the antibiotics. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Current recommendation for prophylaxis in elective spine surgery is up to 60 minutes prior to incision. No study has investigated between different generation of cephalosporin for prophylaxis in elective spine surgery with respect to choice, dosage and timing. METHODS: This study was a prospective randomized study of 90 patients, assessed for the occurrence of surgical site infection (defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria) and other infections for up to 6 months after surgery. Demographic, surgical and further data were collected on subsequent operations, including hardware removal. RESULTS: Mean age in our group was 47 years (range, 19-71 years). The male to female ratio was 49:41 and the average timing of administration of antibiotics was 77 minutes (range, 30-120 minutes). The average blood loss was 626 mL (range, 150-3,000 mL) with a mean duration of surgery for 3.2 hours (range, 1.5-6 hours). One case of superficial infection and one case of deep infection met the exclusion criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the use of a single preoperative dose of antibiotics in instrumented and non-instrumented elective spine surgery up to one hour prior to incision. There was no difference in terms of occurrence of surgical site infection with respect to dosage, choice and timing of antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Spine