Background: Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels have been used as an invaluable tool in reproductive medicine for over a decade, especially in predicting ovarian reserve and follicular response during in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. Age-specific reference values of AMH levels have been derived from mostly Western and few Asian population groups but none from the Philippines. In this study, we attempted to determine the first age-specific AMH reference values from infertile Filipino women to be able to provide local infertility centers a guide in treating Filipinos and those with similar racial and lifestyle characteristics. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study that was conducted at the Center for Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Infertility at St. Luke's Medical Center Global City. Age, serum AMH levels, body mass index (BMI), and cause of infertility of Filipino women who underwent IVF from August 2015 to March 2020 were taken. AMH was assayed using the automated Access AMH Immunoassay (Beckman Coulter). Results: A total of 1463 women who underwent IVF and with valid AMH results were initially found but only 1233 were included in the study. Mean age was 36.67 + 4.35 years and mean BMI was 24.43 + 4.14 kg/m2. There was minimal effect of BMI on AMH levels and increasing age (R2 = 0.0068), but there were significant differences of mean AMH levels among the general causes of infertility. The mean and median AMH values decreased with advancing age (R2 = 0.1391) although the mean values were consistently higher than the median values. The mean level of the AMH was 2.32 ± 1.90 ng/mL with a 0.16 ng/ml (confidence interval: 0.14–0.19 ng/ml) level decrease per year of increase in age. By age category, the following were the derived AMH values (ng/ml) at the 25th to 75th percentiles: 25–29 = 1.52–4.92; 30–34 = 1.60–4.10; 35–39 = 0.95–3.13; 40–44 = 0.44–1.99; 45 = 0.47–1.08. The mean AMH in this study appears to be similar to several but lower than most other reported AMH nomograms from other population groups. Conclusion The first age-specific AMH reference values for infertile Filipino women are presented and may serve as a useful diagnostic marker in local infertility centers, especially those treating Filipino patients or others with similar characteristics.
Fertilization in Vitro ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone

No abstract available.
Anti-Mullerian Hormone* ; Phenotype* ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Anti-Mullerian Hormone* ; Phenotype* ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome*

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease in women of childbearing age, which seriously affects women's reproductive health. In recent years, more and more studies have found that serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has certain significance in the diagnosis and treatment evaluation of PCOS. In addition, with the improvement of detection methods, more attention has been paid to the significance of female androgens and AMH in the evaluation of PCOS. This article reviews the recent research progress of serum AMH and androgens in the evaluation of PCOS.
Female ; Humans ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/diagnosis* ; Androgens ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone

Female ; Humans ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Sexual Development ; Peptide Hormones

OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effect of Bushen Yiqi Huoxue Decoction BYHD) in patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). METHODS: A total of 180 patients with DOR diagnosed from December 2013 to December 2014 were equally assigned into progynova and duphaston (E+D) group, Zuogui Pill group and BYHD group with 60 cases in each by computerized randomization. Patients received E+D, Zuogui Pill or BYHD for 12 months, respectively. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E₂), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), ovarian volume, endometrial thickness, and the resistance indices (RIs) of ovarian arteries and uterine arteries were observed before and after treatment. RESULTS: Nine women (4 from the E+D group, 3 from the Zuogui Pill group, and 2 from the BYHD group) withdrew from the study. After 6 months, Zuogui Pill and BYHD significantly decreased FSH and LH and increased endometrial thickness and AMH (all P<0.01). BYHD also resulted in E₂ elevation (P<0.05), ovary enlargement (P<0.05), AFC increase (P<0.01), and RI of ovarian arteries decrease (P<0.05). After 12 months, further improvements were observed in the Zuogui Pill and BYHD groups (all P<0.01), but BYHD showed better outcomes, with lower FSH, larger ovaries and a thicker endometrium compared with the Zuogui Pill group (all P<0.01). However, E+D only significantly increased endometrial thickness (P<0.01) and no significant improvements were observed in the RI of uterine arteries in the three groups. CONCLUSIONS BYHD had a favorable therapeutic effect in patients with DOR by rebalancing hormone levels, promoting ovulation, and repairing the thin endometrium. The combination of tonifying Shen (Kidney), benefiting qi and activating blood circulation may be a promising therapeutic strategy for DOR.
Anti-Mullerian Hormone/pharmacology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone ; Ovarian Reserve

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), FSH, and age to clinically predict ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in IVF patients with endometriosis. METHODS: We evaluated 91 COH cycles, including 43 cycles with endometriosis (group I) and 48 cycles with male factor infertility (group II) from January to December, 2010. Patients were classified into study groups based on their surgical history of endometriosis-group Ia (without surgical history, n=16), group Ib (with a surgical history, n=27). RESULTS: The mean age was not significantly different between group I and group II. However, AMH and FSH were significantly different between group I and group II (1.9+/-1.9 ng/mL vs. 4.1+/-2.9 ng/mL, p<0.01; 13.1+/-7.2 mIU/mL vs. 8.6+/-3.3 mIU/mL, p<0.01). Furthermore, the number of retrieved oocytes and the number of matured oocytes were significantly lower in group I than in group II. In group II, AMH and FSH as well as age were significant predictors of retrieved oocytes on univariate analysis. Only the serum AMH level was a significant predictor of poor ovarian response in women with endometriosis. CONCLUSION: Serum AMH may be a better predictor of the ovarian response of COH in patients with endometriosis than basal FSH or age. AMH level can be considered a useful clinical predictor of poor ovarian response in endometriosis patients.
Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Infertility ; Male ; Oocytes ; Ovulation Induction ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic

Persistent mullerian duct syndrome is characterized by the presence of mullerian structures in male subiects with normal penile and scrotal development. A deficiency of activity of a mullerian inhibiting substance during gestation is believed to be responsible for this syndrome. To date approximately 150 cases of persistent mullerian duct syndrome have been reported and the syndrome of transverse testicular ectopia with persistent mullerian duct structures is much rarer. In Korea, this is the fourth case to be reported. We report a case of persistent mullerian duct syndrome with transverse testicular ectopia in a 7 month-old-boy. Both testes were in the right side of scrotum but no epididymises were found there, which resulted in the disruption of normal relationship between the was and testis. Regarding there was no fertility, mullerian duct structures were removed.
Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Epididymis ; Fertility ; Humans ; Korea ; Male* ; Pregnancy ; Scrotum ; Testis

OBJECTIVE: To determine the age specific serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) reference values in Korean women with regular menstruation. METHODS: Between May, 2010 and January, 2011, the serum AMH levels were evaluated in a total of 1,298 women who have regular menstrual cycles aged between 20 and 50 years. Women were classified into 6 categories by age: 20-31 years, 32-34 years, 35-37 years, 38-40 years, 41-43 years, above 43 years. Measurement of serum AMH was measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS: The serum AMH levels correlated negatively with age. The median AMH level of each age group was 4.20 ng/mL, 3.70 ng/mL, 2.60 ng/mL, 1.50 ng/mL, 1.30 ng/mL, and 0.60 ng/mL, respectively. The AMH values in the lower 5th percentile of each age group were 1.19 ng/mL, 0.60 ng/mL, 0.42 ng/mL, 0.27 ng/mL, 0.14 ng/mL, and 0.10 ng/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study determined reference values of serum AMH in Korean women with regular menstruation. These values can be applied to clinical evaluation and treatment of infertile women.
Aged ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Female ; Humans ; Menstrual Cycle ; Menstruation ; Reference Values

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate preoperative anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels in women with endometrioma or other benign ovarian cysts and differences of AMH changes according to various characteristics. METHODS: Ninety-seven patients aged 20 to 39 years who underwent surgery for benign ovarian cyst were enrolled retrospectively. Of these, 65 patients were diagnosed as endometriomas, and 32 had other benign cysts. Serum AMH, mean, maximum, and total diameter of ovarian cysts were measured. The AMH levels were compared according to pathology (endometrioma vs. other benign cyst), size of ovarian cyst, age-matched AMH quartile percentile and characteristics of endometrioma. RESULTS: Preoperative serum AMH level was significantly lower in endometrioma group than other benign cyst group (4.12 +/- 2.42 ng/mL vs. 6.02 +/- 2.29 ng/mL, P < 0.001). Serum AMH level was significantly lower in endometrioma group, especially in patients aged 30 to 39 years. Dividing to age-matched AMH quartile percentile, there were significantly fewer patients with AMH level > or = 75 percentile in endometrioma group (24.6% vs. 50.0%, P = 0.035). Among 4 subgroups of endometrioma, patients with AMH level > or = 75 percentile were significantly decreased in multiple bilateral endometrioma group. Mean and total diameter of cysts were negatively correlated with preoperative serum AMH level in other benign cyst group. CONCLUSION: We suggest that preoperative AMH level measurement might be considered in women with endometrioma, especially in 30 to 39 years old, multiple bilateral type, or big-sized other benign ovarian cyst to assess the diminished ovarian reserve.
Anti-Mullerian Hormone* ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Ovarian Cysts* ; Pathology ; Retrospective Studies