Halogenated sesquiterpenes are important derivatives of sesquiterpenes, referring to chemical components of sesquiterpenes that contain halogens such as chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Halogenated sesquiterpenes have attracted attention from researchers in China and abroad because of their diverse structures, unique halogen elements, and extensive pharmacological activities. Studies have shown that halogenated sesquiterpenes exhibit significant antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, insecticidal, hypoglycemic, and enzyme inhibitory activities. In order to better explore the potential pharmaceutical value of halogenated sesquiterpenes, this paper reviewed the structural characteristics and pharmacological activities of halogenated sesquiterpenes in the past two decades, aiming to provide references for further research and development of this class of compounds.
Sesquiterpenes/chemistry* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology* ; China

Curcuma wenyujin, as one of the eight Daodi-herbs in Zhejiang province, is widely used. It has the effects of eliminating stasis and dissipating mass, moving Qi and activating blood, and clearing heart and relieving depression. Modern studies have shown that it has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-thrombus and liver-protecting effects and mainly contains sesquiterpenoids, monoterpenoids, diterpenoids, and curcumins. This paper reviews the research progress in the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of C. wenyujin in the last decade, discusses the modern clinical applications combined with the traditional efficacy, and predicts its quality markers(Q-markers) from plant consanguinity, medicinal properties, efficacy, processing and measurability of chemical components based on the theory of Q-markers, so as to provide a reference for the establishment of a scientific quality evaluation system and the research and application of this herb in the future.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Curcuma/chemistry* ; Liver

Three new cucurbitane-type triterpenoid glycosides were separated from the ethyl acetate extract of Citrullus colocynthis by a variety of chromatographic techniques. According to the data of NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and/or comparison with the reported data, the three novel cucurbitane-type triterpenoid glycosides were identified as colocynthenin E(1), colocynthenin G(2), and colocynthenin H(3). The cell inflammation model was established with RAW264.7 macrophages exposed to lipopolysaccharide and then used to determine the anti-inflammatory activities of the three compounds. Compounds 2 and 3 showed mild anti-inflammatory activities with the IC_(50) of 48.21 and 40.11 μmol·L~(-1), respectively, compared with that(IC_(50)=7.57 μmol·L~(-1)) of the positive control dexamethasone.
Citrullus colocynthis/chemistry* ; Triterpenes/chemistry* ; Glycosides/chemistry* ; Plant Extracts/chemistry* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology*

The genus Carpesium plants contain many kinds of sesquiterpenes. Up to now, more than 201 sesquiterpene compounds have been isolated and identified, including 86 germacranolides, 30 eudesmanolides, 29 guaianolides, 23 sesquiterpene dimers, 9 pseudoguaianes, 9 carabranolides, 7 xanthanolides, 6 sesquiterpenes without lactone, 1 eremophilane and 1 tricyclo dodecane sesquiterpene. The reported sesquiterpenes possess a series of pharmacological properties, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiparasitic, insecticidal, and antiviral activities. This paper summarizes the 201 chemical structures and biological activities of sesquiterpenes in genus Carpesium, and provides the scientific basis for the further development and utilization.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Asteraceae/chemistry* ; Lactones ; Molecular Structure ; Phytochemicals/pharmacology* ; Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology*

According to documents of recent fifty years the article summarized the herbalogical study, processing, chemical constituent, quality standard, pharmacologic action and clinical study of Oroxylum indicum. The chemical constituents mainly are flavonoids, glycoside and volatile oil. It also contains pterocarpan and rhodioside with p-hydroxyphenylethanols and cyclohexanols. Quantitative index was added in the quality standard of china pharmacopeia since 1995, but the quantitative standard is blank at the present, and the baicalin was mostly used for quantitative standard in the documents which lack of mark. Baicalein -7-O-diglucoside didn't existed in the other plants. It's mark will do good to the enhancement of quality standard. Pharmacologic action and clinical study were mainly anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenesis, antibiosis, anticancera,and coughing.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Bignoniaceae ; chemistry ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Linalool, as a major volatile compound, is widely distributed in natural plant essential oil. In addition, it can also be artificially synthesized. Linalool is used frequently as an important ingredient of perfumes and household detergents. It is still employed in food flavor and industries. Besides, linalool has some positive effect on healthcare. Many studies have showed that linalool exhibited a variety of pharmacological activities, including analgesic, anxiolytic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-bacterial effects. Therefore, linalool will be a promising agent for clinical application. This article reviews the pharmacological effects and formulation studies of linalool so as to provide a theoretical basis for its further development and utilization.
Animals ; Anti-Anxiety Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Monoterpenes ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Flavonoids have been reported to possess significant pharmacological activities,such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. However, the low solubility and low bioavailability limits their clinical application. Nanocrystal technology can solve the delivery problems of flavonoids by reducing particle size, increasing the solubility of insoluble drugs and improving their bioavailability. This article summaries nanosuspension preparation methods and the stabilizers for flavonoid nanocrystals, and reviews the drug delivery routes including oral, Injection and transdermal of flavonoid nanocrystals, to provide information for further research on nanocrystal delivery system of flavonoids.
Flavonoids/pharmacology* ; Pharmaceutical Preparations/chemistry* ; Biological Availability ; Nanoparticles/chemistry* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Particle Size

In order to determine the chemical constituents of Cistanche deserticola cultured in Tarim desert, a systematically phytochemical investigation was carried out. The constituents were isolated by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MCI gel, ODS column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were determined on the basis of MS and NMR spectroscopic analyses, by chemical methods, and/or comparison with literature data. The anti-inflammatory activities of the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in BV-2 mouse microglial cells. Nine iridoids were isolated and identified as cistadesertoside A (1), cistanin (2), cistachlorin (3), 6-deoxycatalpol (4), gluroside (5), kankanoside A (6), ajugol (7), bartsioside (8), and 8-epi-loganic acid (9). Compound 9 exhibited potent inhibition on the NO production with an IC50 value being 5.2 μmol·L(-1), comparable to the positive control quercetin (4.3 μmol·L(-1)). Compound 1 was a new iridoid, and compounds 5, 6, and 8 were isolated from this species for the first time.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cistanche ; chemistry ; Iridoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Plant Stems ; chemistry

We reported the discovery of six novel coumarins, toddasirins A-F (1-6), each endowed with modified isoprenyl or geranyl side chains, derived from the roots of Toddalia asiatica. Comprehensive structural elucidation was achieved through multispectroscopic analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments, and advanced quantum mechanical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds was assessed. Notably, compounds 1-3 and 6 demonstrated notable inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells, with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of 3.22, 4.78, 8.90, and 4.31 μmol·L^-1, respectively.
Mice ; Animals ; Coumarins/chemistry* ; Rutaceae/chemistry* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology* ; Plant Extracts/chemistry* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Nitric Oxide ; Molecular Structure

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents from Lamiophlomis rotata and the bioactivities of 8-epideoxyloganic acid.

METHODThe constituents were isolated by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over ployamide, silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Structures of the isolates were identified by spectroscopic data analysis. Bioactivities were screened by using models in vivo.

RESULTFive constituents were isolated. 8-epideoxyloganic acid was isolated for the first time in L. rotata and also in lamioplomis genus. 8-epideoxyloganic acid could significantly inhibit aectic acid-induced twisting times and slower the time of homeostatsis, also inhibit xylene-induced ear edema in mice.

CONCLUSION8-epideoxyloganic acid possesses bioactivities of analgesia, homeostasis and anti-inflammatory.

Analgesics ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Female ; Lamiaceae ; chemistry ; Male ; Mice ; Pyrans ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology