No abstract available.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*administration & dosage ; Cytokines/blood ; Diphosphonates/*administration & dosage ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Osteoporosis/*drug therapy

BACKGROUND: NSAIDs and methotrexate induce gut damage and bacterial translocation (BT). However, there is no study examining the combined effects of methotrexate and NSAID on gut damage and BT. We examined the combined effects of methotrexate and NSAID-induced enteropathy and bacterial translocation in an experimental animal model. METHODS: Rats received either no drug, NSAID alone (diclofenac 80 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg per os), methorexate alone (20 mg/kg per os) or NSAID with methotrexate. Gut barrier dysfunction, the degree of intestinal adhesion, stool pellet number, bacterial number of total aerobes and Gram negatives in the distal ileal and cecal contents and the number of Gram negatives in the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, kidney and heart were measured. RESULTS: Administration of diclofenac or methotrexate alone caused an increase in gut barrier dysfunction and intestinal adhesion and a decrease in stool pellet number. Administration of diclonfenac alone induced enteric bacterial overgrowth and increased BT to the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, kidney and heart. Administration of methotrexate alone induced enteric bacterial undergrowth and BT to the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen but not to the kidney and heart. The supplements with methotrexate increased the NSAID-induced gut barrier dysfunction and intestinal adhesion, and decreased the stool pellet number. However, the reduced NSAID-induced enteric Gram negative bacterial overgrowth (with a dose of diclofenac of 80 mg/kg) and BT to the liver, spleen, kidney and heart. COCNLUSION: Methotrexate increases NSAID-induced intestinal damage, but reduces NSAID-induced BT to the liver, spleen, kidney and heart in experimental animals.
Administration, Oral* ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Bacterial Translocation* ; Diclofenac* ; Heart ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Methotrexate* ; Models, Animal* ; Rats* ; Spleen

Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most widely used medications, based on their antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, both aspirin and NSAIDs cause hypersensitivity reactions through immunologic as well as non-immunologic mechanisms. Except for the rare single-NSAID-induced reaction, most hypersensitivity reactions show cross-reactive features to other NSAIDs regardless of their chemical structure. An accurate correct medical history is the most important diagnostic approach, whereas the roles of blood and skin tests are limited in the majority of cases of NSAIDs hypersensitivity. Although able to confirm the presence of a hypersensitivity reaction, an oral or bronchial provocation test should be performed only under the supervision of a skilled physician at a well-equipped institution. Avoidance of the causative NSAID and all cross-reactive NSAIDs is the cornerstone of management. Patients who require treatment with aspirin or NSAIDs can undergo aspirin desensitization. Genetic predisposition to hypersensitivity to NSAIDs have been demonstrated, but a clear understanding of the pathophysiologic and phenotypic diversity of these hypersensitivity reactions requires further studies, including functional ones.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Aspirin* ; Bronchial Provocation Tests ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Organization and Administration ; Skin Tests

Administration, Oral ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; adverse effects ; Female ; Hematuria ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Sulfonamides ; adverse effects

Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Capsules ; China ; Coronary Disease ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Humans

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by inflammation. Due to the complex causes, no specific therapy is available. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and corticosteroids are often used(long-term, oral/injection) to interfere with related pathways for reducing inflammatory response and delaying the progression of RA, which, however, induce many side effects. Microneedle, an emerging transdermal drug delivery system, is painless and less invasive and improves drug permeability. Thus, it is widely used in the treatment of RA and is expected to be a new strategy in clinical treatment. This paper summarized the application of microneedles in the treatment of RA, providing a reference for the development of new microneedles and the expansion of its clinical application.
Humans ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Administration, Cutaneous ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use* ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy* ; Needles

Two different salts of diclofenac, diclofenac sodium and diclofenac potassium, in tablet dosage form were tested for their bioavailability and disposition kinetics in a group of eighteen rabbits in normal and experimentally induced dehydrated conditions with a wash out period of 7 days between both stages of study. Biochemical and physiological parameters were also measured in both normal and dehydrated states. Diclofenac levels in plasma were determined using a validated reversed phase HPLC method. Primary kinetic parameters i.e. AUC(0-infinity), Cmax, Tmax and other disposition kinetics were obtained with non-compartmental procedure. Biochemical parameters i.e. packed cell volume, plasma glucose and total lipid concentration in dehydrated rabbits increased significantly. Plasma concentration of diclofenac sodium and diclofenac potassium decreased significantly in water deprived rabbits. In comparison, diclofenac potassium in normal and dehydrated state of the same group of rabbits showed a significantly increased plasma concentration when compared with diclofenac sodium.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Area Under Curve ; Biological Availability ; Dehydration ; metabolism ; Diclofenac ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rabbits ; Tablets

Administration, Cutaneous ; Adult ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Post-Traumatic Headache ; drug therapy ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Tongjingbao optimal formula and analyze its active components.

METHODAnimals were divided into the model group, the Tongjingbao granule group and the Tongjingbao optimal formula group. The mice dysmenorrhea model was induced by oxytocin, and their content of blood calcium and MDA, NO, PGE2 in uterus were determined to assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of different components in Tongjingbao optimal formula and their impacts.

RESULTAll components of Tongjingbao optimal formula could extend the dysmenorrhea incubation period of mice with dysmenorrhea, reduce their average writhing time, increase the writhing inhibition rate, lessen the content of blood calcium and MDA, PGE2 in uterus, and enhance the content of NO in uterus.

CONCLUSIONAll components of Tongjingbao optimal formula have the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, and different components show a synergistic effect in treating dysmenorrheal in many links.

Analgesics ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; analysis ; Dysmenorrhea ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of 0.02% clobetasol propionate cream (CPC) on phimosis in prepubertal children. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about 237 prepubertal children with phimosis present at the Outpatient Department from June 2012 to December 2015. The patients were aged 2－14 (mean 8.6) years, all treated by topical application of 0.02% CPC to the narrowed opening and adhered part of the foreskin twice a day, in the morning and evening respectively. At the time of CPC application, the foreskin was slightly retracted. We evaluated the therapeutic effect every week from the end of the first week of treatment. RESULTS: Totally, 233 of the patients completed the 8-week treatment, of whom 181 (77.68%) showed full retraction of the foreskin, 28 (12.01%) experienced improvement (disappearance of the phimotic ring), and 24 (10.30%) failed to respond, with a total effectiveness rate of 89.70%. No significant local or systemic adverse reactions were observed during the treatment. CONCLUSIONS Topical application of 0.02% Clobetasol Propionate Cream is a safe, effective, painless, and inexpensive option for the treatment of phimosis in prepubertal chilodren.
Administration, Topical ; Adolescent ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; administration & dosage ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Clobetasol ; administration & dosage ; Foreskin ; Gels ; Humans ; Male ; Outpatients ; Phimosis ; drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome