Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy

OBJECTIVETo study whether effect of aspirin plus low-dose diethylstilbestrol is more effective and safer than high diethylstilbestrol dose alone on prevention of ovariectomy-induced osteopenia and dyslipidemia.

METHODSThirty-eight 4-month-old female SD rats were divided into baseline (BAS) group (n=6), sham operation group (n=8) and ovariectomy (OVX) group (n=24). The OVX group was further divided into vehicle treatment group (n=8), diethylstilbestrol (30 μg/kg•d) treatment group (OVX+D30 group, n=8), and aspirin (9 mg/kg•d) plus diethylstilbestrol (10 μg/kg•d) treatment group (OVX+A-D10 group, n=8). Their left tibiae were collected for the bone histomorphometric analysis in undecalcified sections. Left femurs were collected for the bone mineral density measurement.

RESULTSThe body weight and serum cholesterol were increased, while uterine weight and cancellous bone mass were decreased in OVX rats compared with the SHAM group. Cancellous bone mass was significantly increased, while body weight and bone resorption parameters were decreased in both A-D10 and D30 treatment group compared with OVX group. The rats treated with A-D10 showed significantly increased in bone formation parameters and decreased in serum triglyceride compared with the D30-treated rats.

CONCLUSIONAspirin plus low-dose diethylstilbestrol can effectively prevent osteopenia by reducing bone resorption, and is thus a better treatment modality for preventing dyslipidemia than high-dose diethylstilbestrol alone.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Aspirin ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; blood ; prevention & control ; Bone and Bones ; drug effects ; Diethylstilbestrol ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Dyslipidemias ; blood ; prevention & control ; Estrogens, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Organ Size ; drug effects ; Ovariectomy ; Rats ; Uterus ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo study the preventive effects of jinghua weikang capsule (JWC) on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induced injury to the mucosa of the small intestine.

METHODSThirty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, i.e., the blank control group, the model group, the JWC group, and the esomeprazole group. Diclofenac was administered to rats in the model group, the JWC group, and the esomeprazole group at the daily dose of 15 mg/kg. JWC and esomeprazole was respectively given to those in the JWC group, and the esomeprazole group one day ahead. Normal saline was given to rats in the blank control group. Rats were killed 3 days later. The pathological changes of the small intestine were observed by hematoxylin and eosin stain.

RESULTSCompared with the blank control group, the general score for the small intestine (4.63 +/-0.52 vs 0.00 +/-0. 00) and the pathological score (4.00 +/-0.90 vs 0.00 +/-0. 00) obviously increased in the model group, showing statistical difference (P <0.05). Compared with the model group, the general score for the small intestine (1.88 +/-0.99) and the pathological score (2.11 +/-1.11) obviously decreased in the JWG group, showing statistical difference (P <0.05). Compared with the model group, the general score for the small intestine (2.75 +/-1.28) and the pathological score (2. 30 +/-0.94) obviously decreased in the esomeprazole group, showing statistical difference (P <0.05).

CONCLUSIONJWC could prevent NSAIDs induced injury to the mucosa of the small intestine.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; adverse effects ; Diclofenac ; adverse effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Esomeprazole ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Intestinal Mucosa ; drug effects ; pathology ; Intestine, Small ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Hanshibi tablet in Kunming mice and the effect of the tablet in ameliorating synovial pathology in a rat model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

METHODSStretching test, capillary permeability and ear swelling test of Kunming were performed to observe the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Hanshibi tablet administered intragastrically at different doses. In a SD rat model of RA induced by heat-inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculolytic H37Ra (Mtb), the effect of the tablet on the symptoms and progression of arthritis was observed regularly, and the numbers of the peripheral white blood cells, platelets and lymphocytes and mononuclear cells were measured. HE staining was used to examine the pathology of the rat ankle, and flow cytometry performed to monitor the changes in the T lymphocyte subsets.

RESULTSHanshibi tablet treatment reduced the writhing response frequency and prolonged the stretching latency of Kunming mice. The tablet also inhibited the acetic acid-induced increase in capillary permeability and ear swelling. In the rat model of RA, administration of the tablet resulted in reduced ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+), and significantly ameliorated synovial pathology.

CONCLUSIONHanshibi tablet has obvious analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and ameliorates the synovial pathology in the rat model of RA possibly by regulating CD4(+)/CD8(+) balance.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Phytotherapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Synovial Membrane ; pathology ; Tablets

Nitric oxide (NO) as a messenger and/or effector plays important roles in vivo. The decreased availability of NO or dysfunction in NO signaling has often been implicated in the development and progression of diseases, and design and research of NO-donating drugs has become one of the important strategies in drug discovery. In connection with authors' scientific practice, this article reviews the recent advances in the research of NO-donating drugs.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Aspirin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Azo Compounds ; pharmacology ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; drug therapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Design ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Nitrates ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Donors ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Piperazines ; pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

A new pyranocoumarin as an analogue of calophyllolide, compound 6, is firstly prepared and reported to have potent anti-inflammatory activity on carrageenin-induced edema in rats.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Carrageenan ; Coumarins ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Edema ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Male ; Molecular Structure ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Colon cancer is one of the major leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the Western countries. In Korea, the incidence of colon cancer is increasing due to changes in environment and lifestyle such as diet. Chemoprevention strategy using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been under intensive clinical and epidemiological research as these drugs suppress colorectal cancer. The best known targets of NSAIDs are cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which convert arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxane. Among these PGs, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can promote tumor growth by binding its receptors and activating signal pathways which control cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Therefore, COX inhibition is promising approach for chemoprevention of colorectal cancer. However, the prolonged use of COX-2 inhibitors is associated with unacceptable cardiovascular side effects. Thus, new targets involved in PGs metabolism are under investigation. 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), a key metabolic enzyme of PGE2, was up-regulated in normal colonic epithelium, but decreased in colon cancer. Recent findings suggest that 15-PGDH is involved in the neoplastic progression of initiated colonic epithelial cells. Also, new players related with PGs metabolism including prostaglandin transporter (PGT) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES) were reported to play a role in colorectal cancer development. This review presents current knowledge about the role of prostaglandins and associated proteins in colorectal cancer development and progression.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use ; Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy/*etiology/prevention & control ; Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Prostaglandins/metabolism/*physiology

This paper reviewed the worldwide research progresses of the genus Laggera both on phytochemical and pharmacological work in the past few decades. The main secondary metabolites of this genus are proved to be sesquitepenoids, flavonoids and phenolic acids. Phamacological investigations revealed that the certain extracts of some Laggera species possess significant bioactivities on anti-inflammation, anti-tumor and anti-viral infection. This review afforded the comprehensive description of the active components as to provide useful references to elucidate their historical clinical application on upper respiratory infection, influenza, parotitis, and recurrent herpes viral infection.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; drug therapy ; Molecular Structure ; Parotitis ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Ranunculaceae ; chemistry ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; drug therapy ; Sesquiterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use

Endometriosis, an oestrogen-dependent disorder, is related to inflammation, p38 Mitogen activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK) can be activated by sex hormone and inflammatory factors, which plays an important role in many cellular reactions such as apoptosis, proliferation, inflammation and stresses, etc. Many studies showed that p38 MAPK was participated directly in regulating the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The special regulatory action of p38 MAPK on sex hormone and inflammation may help us to understand the intricate endometriosis pathological hypothesis. p38 MAPK inhibitors play a key role in the the study of endometriosis, and show great promise for the future. Blocking and regulating the expression of p38 MAPK on the signal transduction pathway level may hope to be a new strategy to prevent and treat endometriosis.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Endometriosis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; pharmacology ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Pyrazoles ; therapeutic use ; Pyridines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; pharmacology

This study demonstrates that prophylactic effect of plaster and cataplasm contained ketoprofen in adjuvant arthritis therapy by X-ray. Adjuvant arthritis was induced by a single injection of Freund's complete adjuvant. Mature female Sprague-Dawley rats were designated to 3 groups such as nontreated control, plaster-treated (PT) and cataplasm-treated (CT), each of which was composed of ten animals. The PT and the CT groups showed reduced primary paw swelling, but secondary paw swelling was not affected. Bony changes were observed in all regions of the femur and tibia of the nonadjuvant-injected leg and the adjuvant-injected leg. The mean radiographic scores of the PT and the CT groups were significantly lower than those of the control group from day 0 to 7 of the experimental period (p<0.05, p<0.01). The CT rats showed reduced poly-arthritis development than the PT rats. Our results suggest that radiographic assessment of bony changes is more suitable for measuring changes in long bones such as femur or tibia than in vertebrae. The prophylactic effect of CT prominently suppressed edematous swelling and bony changes in arthritic limb compared with PT.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/*pharmacology ; Arthritis, Experimental/*prevention & control ; Calcium Sulfate ; Drug Carriers/administration & dosage ; Excipients/*administration & dosage ; Female ; Freund's Adjuvant ; Ketoprofen/*administration & dosage/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley