1.Application of antibody drugs in the field of anti-infection.
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 2015;50(12):1527-1533
In recent years, with the rapid development of antibody drugs, the antibody-based therapies have gradually expanded from the cancer and autoimmune diseases to metabolic and infectious diseases and so on. However, the development of antibody-based anti-infective drugs is much slower as there are only two kinds of drugs in the market. This is due to the complex infective mechanism of viruses, bacteria and other pathogens, and the monovalent character of monoclonal antibodies that greatly limit the anti-infection effect of antibody drugs. The development and application of novel technologies, such as recombinant polyclonal antibody technology, will greatly accelerate the development of antibody-based anti-infection drugs. This article will introduce the application and trends in the development of antibody-based drugs in the field of anti-infection therapy.
Anti-Infective Agents
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pharmacology
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Antibodies, Monoclonal
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pharmacology
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Drug Design
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Humans
2.Advances in several important antimicrobial lipopeptids from Bacillus spp.
Daoming LI ; Ying WANG ; Chao CHEN ; Mingbai ZENG ; Qianru LI ; Qingyun JIA ; Xiuli LIU ; Yongyue HOU ; Chengming FAN ; Yuhong CHEN ; Zanmin HU
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2022;38(5):1768-1783
Bacillus spp. are probiotics and can secrete a variety of natural antimicrobiol active substances, of which lipopeptides are an important class. Up to now, about 90 lipopeptides have been identified, and most of them are cyclic lipopeptides. surfactin, iturin, fengycin, bacillomycin and polymyxins are widely studied, and the first three have huge potential for application due to their properties of surfactants and anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory functions. In this paper, the research progress in the structure, function, synthesis regulation, separation, purification and production of surfactin, iturin and fengycin was reviewed. Synthetic biology is a vital means to increase the yield of lipopeptides, and in the future, lipopeptides can be used in crop cultivation, animal farming, food, medicine and petroleum industries as well as environmental protection. Future research should be strengthened on the discovery of new lipopeptides, synthesis of high-activity lipopeptides, economical production of lipopeptides on a large scale and their safety evaluation.
Anti-Bacterial Agents
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Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology*
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Bacillus
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Bacillus subtilis
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Lipopeptides/pharmacology*
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Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology*
3.Research Progress in Preparation of Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Mechanisms of Action.
Yan LI ; Jiarong WANG ; Hongbin SUN
Journal of Biomedical Engineering 2015;32(2):465-469
Currently, all the conventional antibiotics have developed corresponding drug-resistant pathogenic strains, which have increasingly become a serious threat to people's health. Development of completely new types of antibiotics is one of effective ways to solve the drug resistance issue. Antimicrobial peptides with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antimicrobial activity and wild variety become the ideal alternative to traditional antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides are derived from wide range of sources, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms. Mechanism of function of the antimicrobial peptides and the investigation approaches of different antimicrobial peptides also vary dramatically. In this paper, we give an overview of preparation, antibacterial mechanisms, and research methodology of antimicrobial peptides.
Animals
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Anti-Bacterial Agents
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Anti-Infective Agents
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Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
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pharmacology
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Humans
4.Bacterial stress response, physiological metabolism and antimicrobial tolerance and the control strategies.
Lulu HUANG ; Yufeng GU ; Cuirong WU ; Junhong HUANG ; Guyue CHENG
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2020;36(11):2287-2297
Overuse of antibiotics in medical care and animal husbandry has led to the development of bacterial antimicrobial resistance, causing increasingly more health concern. In addition to genetic mutations and the formation of resistance, the various stresses bacteria encountered in the natural environment trigger their stress responses, which not only protect them from these stresses, but also change their tolerance to antimicrobials. The emergence of antimicrobial tolerance will inevitably affect the physiological metabolism of bacteria. However, bacteria can restore their sensitivity to drugs by regulating their own metabolism. This article reviews recent studies on the relationship between bacterial stress responses or the physiological metabolism and antimicrobial tolerance, intending to take more effective measures to control the occurrence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Animals
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Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology*
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Anti-Infective Agents
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Bacteria/genetics*
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Drug Resistance, Bacterial
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Stress, Physiological
5.Antibacterial effects of platelet-rich fibrin produced by horizontal centrifugation.
Mengge FENG ; Yulan WANG ; Peng ZHANG ; Qin ZHAO ; Shimin YU ; Kailun SHEN ; Richard J MIRON ; Yufeng ZHANG
International Journal of Oral Science 2020;12(1):32-32
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been widely used owing to its ability to stimulate tissue regeneration. To date, few studies have described the antibacterial properties of PRF. Previously, PRF prepared by horizontal centrifugation (H-PRF) was shown to contain more immune cells than leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF). This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial effects of PRFs against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro and to determine whether the antibacterial effects correlated with the number of immune cells. Blood samples were obtained from eight healthy donors to prepare L-PRF and H-PRF. The sizes and weights of L-PRF and H-PRF were first evaluated, and their antibacterial effects against S. aureus and E. coli were then tested in vitro using the inhibition ring and plate-counting test methods. Flow-cytometric analysis of the cell components of L-PRF and H-PRF was also performed. No significant differences in size or weight were observed between the L-PRF and H-PRF groups. The H-PRF group contained more leukocytes than the L-PRF group. While both PRFs had notable antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, H-PRF demonstrated a significantly better antibacterial effect than L-PRF. Furthermore, the antimicrobial ability of the PRF solid was less efficient than that of wet PRF. In conclusion, H-PRF exhibited better antibacterial activity than L-PRF, which might have been attributed to having more immune cells.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology*
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Anti-Infective Agents
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Centrifugation
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Escherichia coli
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Leukocytes
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Platelet-Rich Fibrin
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Staphylococcus aureus
6.Molecular design, pharmacology and toxicology optimization of antimicrobial peptide from Hydrophis cyanocinctus, Hc-CATH.
Jiuxiang GAO ; Yipeng WANG ; Haining YU
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2021;37(7):2534-2542
Based on the cathelicidin family antimicrobial peptide Hc-CATH derived from sea snake, the Hc-16 and Hc-15 of 16 and 15 amino acid residues, were designed. By using CCK8, minimal inhibitory concentration, ELISA and bio-layer interferometry assays, their cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and LPS neutralization activity was examined. Compared with Hc-15, Hc-16 had lower cytotoxicity and better broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against pathogens including clinically resistant bacteria, with the minimum inhibitory concentration of only 4.69 μg/mL. Hc-16 inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines of TNF-α and IL-6 induced by LPS, so as to significantly reduce the inflammatory response induced by infection. In addition, structure-activity relationship studies have shown that the phenylalanine at the C- and N-terminals of Hc-16 played a crucial role in its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity. Altogether, the designed Hc-16 has an excellent prospect to be developed into a novel antibiotic.
Animals
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Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology*
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Anti-Infective Agents
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Hydrophiidae
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Microbial Sensitivity Tests
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Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
7.Progress on the design and optimization of antimicrobial peptides.
Ruonan ZHANG ; Di WU ; Yitian GAO
Journal of Biomedical Engineering 2022;39(6):1247-1253
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of peptides widely existing in nature with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. It is considered as a new alternative to traditional antibiotics because of its unique mechanism of antimicrobial activity. The development and application of natural AMPs are limited due to their drawbacks such as low antimicrobial activity and unstable metabolism. Therefore, the design and optimization of derived peptides based on natural antimicrobial peptides have become recent research hotspots. In this paper, we focus on ribosomal AMPs and summarize the design and optimization strategies of some related derived peptides, which include reasonable primary structure modification, cyclization strategy and computer-aided strategy. We expect to provide ideas for the design and optimization of antimicrobial peptides and the development of anti-infective drugs through analysis and summary in this paper.
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/chemistry*
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Antimicrobial Peptides
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Drug Design
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Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology*
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Anti-Bacterial Agents
8.The effects of hinge structure on the biological activity of antimicrobial peptides and its application in molecular design: a review.
Yinfeng LÜ ; Jinni BAI ; Dezhi TAN ; Tingting CHEN ; Anshan SHAN
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology 2021;37(9):3142-3150
The hinge structure, also known as hinge region or bend, is a special structure found in some antimicrobial peptides. Most studies on antimicrobial peptides focused on the standard secondary structure of α-helix and β-sheet, while the hinge structure and its functions were rarely studied. The hinge structure confers the antimicrobial peptides an improved structural flexibility, which may promote their disruptive effect on bacterial membrane or their binding efficiency to the intracellular targets, thus resulting in a higher antibacterial activity. Meanwhile, the hinge structure may reduce the structural rigidity, which may eliminate the cytotoxicity of antimicrobial peptides to eukaryotic cells. This article reviews the structural characteristics of the hinge structure, its effects on the biological activity of antimicrobial peptides and application in the molecular design, with the aim to provide a reference for the design and development of new antimicrobial peptides.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology*
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Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology*
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Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/pharmacology*
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Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
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Protein Structure, Secondary
9.Research progress on antibacterial activity of herbal volatile oil.
Liang-Feng WANG ; Hui-Ting LI ; Qing-Yao CHEN ; Xiao-Li LIU ; Jie XU ; Jing LUO ; Ming YANG ; Xiao-Fei ZHANG ; Fang WANG
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2021;46(5):1026-1033
Due to worldwide abuse of chemical antibiotics and continuous emergence of "superbugs", the harm of bacterial drug resistance to human beings has become more and more serious. Therefore, it is of great significance to look for green antibiotics with a wide range of sources, broad antibacterial spectrum, non-toxicity or low toxicity, environmentally friendliness, diverse active components and low drug resistance. The volatile oil of traditional Chinese medicine is a kind of volatile oily liquid that exists in plants and can be distilled with steam and immiscible with water. Because of its good potential to resist drug-resistant pathogens, it is widely used in food, medicine and other fields. This paper summarized the antibacterial advantages and characteristics of volatile oil of traditional Chinese medicine, and the antibacterial effect and antibacterial mechanism of combined application of volatile oil of traditional Chinese medicine, in order to provide some theoretical basis and study ideas for solving the problem of bacterial drug resistance and developing natural and green antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology*
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Anti-Infective Agents
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Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology*
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Humans
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Medicine, Chinese Traditional
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Oils, Volatile/pharmacology*
10.A review of the use of pteridophytes for treating human ailments.
Xavier-Ravi BASKARAN ; Antony-Varuvel GEO VIGILA ; Shou-Zhou ZHANG ; Shi-Xiu FENG ; Wen-Bo LIAO
Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B 2018;19(2):85-119
The aim of this review was to explore the pharmacological activity of early tracheophytes (pteridophytes) as an alternative medicine for treating human ailments. As the first vascular plants, pteridophytes (aka, ferns and fern allies) are an ancient lineage, and human beings have been exploring and using taxa from this lineage for over 2000 years because of their beneficial properties. We have documented the medicinal uses of pteridophytes belonging to thirty different families. The lycophyte Selaginella sp. was shown in earlier studies to have multiple pharmacological activity, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-Alzheimer properties. Among all the pteridophytes examined, taxa from the Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, and Adiantaceae exhibited significant medicinal activity. Based on our review, many pteridophytes have properties that could be used in alternative medicine for treatment of various human illnesses. Biotechnological tools can be used to preserve and even improve their bioactive molecules for the preparation of medicines against illness. Even though several studies have reported medicinal uses of ferns, the possible bioactive compounds of several pteridophytes have not been identified. Furthermore, their optimal dosage level and treatment strategies still need to be determined. Finally, the future direction of pteridophyte research is discussed.
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology*
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology*
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Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology*
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Antioxidants/pharmacology*
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Humans
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Phytochemicals/pharmacology*
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Phytotherapy
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Plant Extracts/pharmacology*
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Tracheophyta/chemistry*