Synthesis and assay of antibacterial, antifungal properties of some bromo- and nitrosalicylamidorhodanine derivatives:
Analysis ; Esterification ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antifungal Agents

Bacterial morphology can be altered by various factors, including antibiotics. Unusually shaped, large, swollen organisms were observed in a urine culture obtained from a patient who had no history of antibiotic therapy. The organism was identified as Escherichia coli by the Vitek 2 system and by DNA sequencing of 16S rRNA and gyrB. The patient had no symptoms except fever, which subsided without medication. Microbiology laboratories should be aware of the potential appearance of such bacilli to avoid confusion with fungi and other naturally occurring filamentous organisms.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Atypical Bacterial Forms ; Escherichia ; Escherichia coli ; Fever ; Fungi ; Humans ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

AIMTo analyze if the response factors of different aminoglycoside antibiotics detected by evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD) are the same. If they are, then ELSD can be applied to the quality analysis of this class of antibiotics.

METHODSThe response factors of five different aminoglycosides (amikacin, sisomicin, netilmicin, etimicin and vertilmicin) detected by ELSD were determined by using a Diamonsil C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microns) as analytical column and 0.2 mol.L-1 trifluoroacetic acid-methanol (94:6) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 mL.min-1, the temperature of the drift tube was set at 110 degrees C, and the flow of carrier gas at 2.80 L.min-1. Detector responses (A) and the amount of injection of each substance (m) were fitted to the logarithmic regression: logA = blogm + loga.

RESULTSThe linear regression equation obtained were amikacin: Y = 1.46X + 5.07, gamma = 0.9997; sisomicin: Y = 1.51X + 5.03, gamma = 0.9997; netilmicin: Y = 1.52X + 4.88, gamma = 1.000; etimicin: Y = 1.46X + 4.85, gamma = 0.9999; vertilmicin: Y = 1.41X + 4.90, gamma = 0.9998. The differences between them were negligible.

CONCLUSIONDifferent aminoglycosides can give the same responses with ELSD detection. So, the HPLC-ELSD methods can be applied to the analysis of impurities, the control of the ratio of multi-components drug and the determination of new substances by using another substance as reference, etc.

For preparing fluorinated quinolone antibiotic medicine locally used in stomatology, simultaneous determination of norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enoxacin was carried out by multiphase ion chromatography with fluorescence detection. Quinolone antibiotics were separated by Dionex OmniPac PAX-500 column with an eluent of 15 mmol/L H(2)SO(4) and 35% methanol (v/v) at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min and detected with fluorescence with excitation and emission wave lengths of 347 nm and 420 nm respectively. The detection limits (S/N=3) of norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enoxacin were 50, 105 and 80 ng/ml respectively. The relative standard deviations of retention time, peak area and peak height were less than 1.1% and good linear relationship resulted. The developed method was applied to pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; analysis ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; methods ; Complex Mixtures ; analysis ; Fluoroquinolones ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; methods

Macrolide antibiotics are broad-spectrum, with activity against a range of Gram-positive, Gram-negative organisms and some anaerobes. The components of macrolide antibiotics are generally complicated. Therefore, it is very important to establish impurity profiles of these antibiotics to ensure their safety and process control. Compared with classical methods, the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method is particularly advantageous to characterize minor components at trace levels in terms of sensitivity, efficiency and selectivity, thus more and more widely used in establishments of impurity profiles. In this study, the general approaches to characterize minor components in complex pharmaceutical matrix, fragmentation pathways of 14- and 16-membered macrolide antibiotics and the establishment of the impurity profile of acetylspiramycin were given to provide valuable enlightenments to establish the impurity profiles of pharmaceutical products.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; analysis ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Drug Contamination ; Macrolides ; analysis ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Spiramycin ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; chemistry

Antibiotics have been used to prevent disease, promote growth rate, and improve feed efficiency. However, the use of antibiotics in livestock has been restricted worldwide due to problems such as bacterial resistance. Therefore, probiotics among alternatives to antibiotics have gained attention in the livestock feed industry these days. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with probiotic 379D on safety, growth rate, and feed efficiency. In this study, bacterial strain 379D was isolated from soil and identified as a Bacillus sp. according to 16S rRNA sequence analysis. In an in vitro test, in-gel activity assay and antimicrobial susceptibility test were conducted to evaluate 379D. In an in vivo study, 379D was administered at concentrations of 0.1% and 1% to broiler chickens for 28 days. The results of in-gel activity assay and antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that strain 379D had broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, no adverse 379D-related effects were observed in 0.1% and 1% groups. Feed efficiency was higher in the 379D-treated groups than in the control group. In conclusion, 379D is expected to be used as a safe alternative to antibiotics in a feed supplement and will improve feed efficiency in broiler chickens.
Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Bacillus ; Chickens* ; Dietary Supplements ; Livestock ; Probiotics* ; Sequence Analysis ; Soil

Segniliparus species is a novel genus that is reported to be the new emerging respiratory pathogens. Here, we report a very rare case of S. rugosus pulmonary infection in an immunocompetent patient with non-cystic fibrosis. The organism was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Fibrosis* ; Genes, rRNA ; Humans ; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Sequence Analysis, RNA

Hickman catheters are tunneled central venous catheters used for long-term venous access in children with malignancies. The appropriate management for various kinds of catheter related complications has become a major issue. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical, demographic, and surgical characteristics in 154 pediatric hemato-oncology patients who underwent Hickman catheter insertion between January 2005 and December 2009. There were 92 boys and 62 girls. The mean age at surgery was 7.6+/-5.1 years old. The mean operation time was 67.4+/-21.3 minutes and C-arm fluoroscopy was used in 47(30.5%). The causes of Hickman catheter removal were termination of use in 82 (57.3%), catheter related bloodstream infection in 44(30.8%), mechanical malfunction in 11(7.7%), and accidents in 6(4.2%). Univariate and multivariate analysis for associated factors with catheter related bloodstream infection showed that there were no statistically significant associated factors with catheter related infection complications. All cases except two showed clinical improvement with catheter removal and relevant antibiotics treatment. The mean catheter maintenance period in patients of catheter removal without complications was 214.9+/-140.2 days. And, The mean catheter maintenance period in patients of late catheter related bloodstream infection was 198.0+/-116.0 days. These data suggest that it is important to remove Hickman catheter as soon as possible after the termination of use. When symptoms and signs of complications were noticed, prompt diagnostic approach and management can lead to clinical improvements.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Catheters ; Central Venous Catheters ; Child ; Fluoroscopy ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Retrospective Studies

Indeed, medicinal importance of honey has been documented in the world's oldest medical literatures, and since the ancient times, it has been known to possess antimicrobial property as well as wound-healing activity. The healing property of honey is due to the fact that it offers antibacterial activity, maintains a moist wound condition, and its high viscosity helps to provide a protective barrier to prevent infection. Its immunomodulatory property is relevant to wound repair too. The antimicrobial activity in most honeys is due to the enzymatic production of hydrogen peroxide. However, another kind of honey, called non-peroxide honey (viz., manuka honey), displays significant antibacterial effects even when the hydrogen peroxide activity is blocked. Its mechanism may be related to the low pH level of honey and its high sugar content (high osmolarity) that is enough to hinder the growth of microbes. The medical grade honeys have potent in vitro bactericidal activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria causing several life-threatening infections to humans. But, there is a large variation in the antimicrobial activity of some natural honeys, which is due to spatial and temporal variation in sources of nectar. Thus, identification and characterization of the active principle(s) may provide valuable information on the quality and possible therapeutic potential of honeys (against several health disorders of humans), and hence we discussed the medicinal property of honeys with emphasis on their antibacterial activities.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Bacteria ; drug effects ; Honey ; analysis ; classification ; Humans

Aminoglycosides are frequently used antibiotics in children. The multiple daily dosing (MDD) in infants and children is twice or three times daily depending on age. Recent studies in adults have shown that once daily dosing (ODD) maximizes the bactericidal activity and might minimize the toxicity of antibiotics. So, I reviewed many studies about efficacy, toxicity and cost effectiveness of ODD of aminoglycosides in children. Most studies suggest that ODD compared with MDD of aminoglycosides is theoretically more efficacious and has no higher toxicity in infants and children. But, the total number of patients included in the studies is not large. Multi-center, controlled prospective studies are required in larger numbers of infants and children to determine the efficacy and safety of the ODD regimen in children before ODD of aminoglycosides can be recommended for routine use.
Adult ; Aminoglycosides ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Humans ; Infant